• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.18.1-18.7
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• 2020

The olfactory anatomy and histology of Lethenteron reissneri were researched using a stereo microscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. As in other lampreys, it shows same characters as follows: i) a single olfactory organ, ii) a single tubular nostril, iii) a single olfactory chamber with gourd-like form, iv) a nasal valve, v) a nasopharyngeal pouch, vi) a sensory epithelium (SE) of continuous distribution, vii) a supporting cells with numerous long cilia, viii) an accessory olfactory organ. However, the description of a pseudostratified columnar layer in the SE and Non SE is a first record, not reported in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. In particular, both 19 to 20 lamellae in number and olfactory receptor neuron's quarter ciliary length of the knob diameter differ from those of P. marinus. From these results, it might be considered that the olfactory organ of L. reissneri shows well adaptive structure of a primitive fish to slow flowing water with gravel, pebbles, and sand and a hiding habit into sand bottom at daytime. The lamellar number and neuron's ciliary length may be a meaningful taxonomic character for the class Petromyzonida.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2018

For Odontamblyopus lacepedii with small and turbid eyes, the gross structure and histology of the olfactory organ, which is important for its survival and protection of the receptor neuron in estuarial environment and its ecological habit, was investigated using a stereo, light and scanning electron microscopes. Externally, the paired olfactory organs with two nostrils are located identically on each side of the snout. These nostrils are positioned at the anterior tip of the upper lip (anterior nostril) and just below eyes covered with the epidermis (posterior nostril). Internally, this is built of an elongated olfactory chamber and two accessory nasal sacs. In histology, the olfactory chamber is elliptical in shape, and lined by the sensory epithelium and the non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium of a pseudostratified layer consists of olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells and lymphatic cells. The non-sensory epithelium of a stratified layer has swollen stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells with acidic and neutral sulfomucin. From these results, we confirmed the olfactory organ of O. lacepedii is adapted to its ecological habit as well as its habitat with burrows at the muddy field with standing and murky waters.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2002

The pheromonal repelling response occurs when a combination of female and male pheromones is found to be less attractive to courting males than are female pheromones alone. This repelling response may act to conserve a courting males’reproductive fitness by minimizing ma1e-male competition within a courting group. Recently, a Pheromonal repelling response was first reported for vertebrates in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viride-scens. A male cloacal pheromone, a ∼33 kDa protein, was identified as a repelling pheromone. In this study, to determine whether both the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and/or the vomeronasal organ (VNO) are activated by the repelling pheromone, we recorded electrical field potentials from both olfactory epithelia while applying the repelling pheromone. The repelling pheromone induced electrical responses from both olfactory organs, and the magnitude of the response was greater in the VNO than in the MOE. Our results suggest that both the VNO and MOE may be involved in the pheromonal repelling response.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2016

The anatomy and histology of the olfactory organ in Favonigobius gymnauchen was investigated using a stereo microscopy, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The paired olfactory organs in the dorsal snout are set in between the upper lip and the eyes. These organs are composed of two openings (anterior nostril with a tubular structure and posterior nostril), a single olfactory cavity, two nasal sac (ethmoidal and lacrimal sacs), olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb. The distributional pattern of the sensory epithelium is a only one type (continuous type). This epithelium is made up of the receptor cell, supporting cell and basal cell. The receptor cell has a only one type (ciliated receptor cell with 3~4 cilia). The non-sensory epithelium is built of the stratified epithelial cells and has mucous openings on the surface. Such an olfactory organ in F. gymnauchen may be considered to reflect its ecological habitat as a shallow water or tidal pool in the coastal zone.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2014

An olfactory organ in Scartelaos gigas, so-called mudskipper known as adaptation to an amphibious lifestyle, was investigated anatomically and histologically. S. gigas possessed the paired olfactory organ comprising respectively the one elongated canal and two nasal sacs, lacrimal and ethmoidal nasal sac. The sensory epithelium developed partly in the canal contained four distinct types of cells: (1) receptor cell with 3 to 4 cilia in number, (2) supporting, (3) basal, (4) mucus cell. The sensory epithelium was also of transitional layer as multi cellularity structure. The non-sensory epithelium had no sensory elements. The two nasal sacs possessed typically a lot of mucin droplets. These results might be considered that anatomical structure and histological characters of the olfactory organ showing in S. gigas is adapted to semi-aquatic life associated with its ecological habit and habitat.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2018

The anatomical study of the olfactory organ in Liobagrus somjinensis, being related to the habitat environment and ecological habit, was carried out using a stereomicroscopy and digital camera. The paired olfactory organs are situated at the dorsal part of the snout, and consisted of two opening (anterior and posterior nostrils) and the olfactory chamber. The tubular anterior nostril is located between the tip of upper lip and the nasal barbel. The posterior nostril flat to the surface is adjacent entirely to the basement of the nasal barbel. The olfactory chamber has a rosette structure with 22~24 lamellae of linguiform, arranged transversely and radially from the medium raphe. These results may prove that L. somjinensis is dependent on olfaction, related to the hiding, the feeding and the nocturnal lifestyle in rapids.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 2018

The olfactory organ of Korean endemic fish Microphysogobio yaluensis are described anatomically and histologically, focused on relationship to its habitat and ecology. The paired olfactory organs are located at the dorsal snout, and externally consist of two semicircular nostrils and single nasal flap. They internally have rosette structure with 22 to 24 units of lamellae and the raphe inside the olfactory chamber. The lamella is made up of the sensory and the non-sensory epitheliums. The sensory epithelium has olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells and basal cells whereas the nonsensory epithelium has stratified epithelial cells, ciliated non-sensory cells and mucous cells with acidic and neutral mucins. These structures might be considered that M. yaluensis has the olfactory organ which corresponds to the high sensitivity for its habitat and ecology, and is usable as a taxonomic key.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.171-176
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• 2023

The olfactory organ of Carassius auratus and C. cuvieri was compared morphologically and morphometrically using stereomicroscopy and statistical program (SPSS version 18.0). The external morphology of the olfactory organ consists of the open semicircular anterior and posterior nostril, and nasal flap. The internal structure showed the oval rosette consisting of several lamellae arranged radiately. In statistical analysis of standard length (SL), olfactory lamellar number (LN), and SL/LN ratio between two species using independent two sample t-test and Pearson's correlation and coefficient, C. cuvieri is the longer SL than that of C. auratus and C. auratus LN (14~20) is lager than that of C. cuvieri (14~16) (P<0.001) and C. auratus LN/SL ratio (12.7±0.7%) is larger than that of C. cuvieri (8.2±0.6%). These results suggest that i) open semicircular nostrils is functional morphology to offset the boundary layer and ii) the lager LN of smaller C. auratus may be a morphological adaptation to reflect its higher olfactory dependence than C. cuvieri and iii) such interspecific difference in LN and LN/SL ratio could be applied as a new taxonomic trait for identification.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2016

The anatomy and histology of the olfactory organ in Oryzias sinensis was researched using a stereo microscope and light microscope. In the gross structure, the paired olfactory organs on the dorsal part of the head consist of two nostrils (a circular anterior nostril and a slit posterior nostril in a distance), a single olfactory chamber and a single accessory nasal sac. In the histological study, the epithelium of the olfactory chamber is classified into both sensory and non-sensory regions. The sensory epithelium consists of olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells and vesicles, and is islet in distributional pattern. The non-sensory epithelium is composed of stratified epithelial cells and two types of mucous cells (acidic and neutral cells). The epithelium of the accessory nasal sac has swollen stratified epithelial cells, mucous cells with a rich glycoprotein. Such an olfactory anatomy and histology of O. sinensis may reflect its habitat surrounding stagnant and polluted water.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.2-9
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• 2018

Olfactory receptors (ORs) in mammals are generally considered to function as chemosensors in the olfactory organs of animals. They are membrane proteins that traverse the cytoplasmic membrane seven times and work generally by coupling to heterotrimeric G protein. The OR is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds the guanine nucleotide-binding $G{\alpha}_{olf}$ subunit and the $G{\beta}{\gamma}$ dimer to recognize a wide spectrum of organic compounds in accordance with its cognate ligand. Mammalian ORs were originally identified from the olfactory epithelium of rat. However, it has been recently reported that the expression of ORs is not limited to the olfactory organ. In recent decades, they have been found to be expressed in diverse organs or tissues and even tumors in mammals. In this review, the expression and expected function of olfactory receptors that exist throughout an organism's system are discussed.