• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.293-299
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• 1985

This study is to verify the protective ability against experimental Naegleria meningoencephalitis by immunization with Naegleria fowleri in mice. Naegleria fewleri, strain 0359, and Naegleria gruberi, strain EGB, were used in this study, and cultured in CGVS medium akenically. Inbred BALB/C mice, weighing about 20g, were immunized by three intraperitoneal injection of $1{\times}10^6$ N. fowleri trophozoites at the interval of one week. This N. fowleri trophozoites antigen was fixed with 5% formaldehyde. N. fowleri trophozoites from culture were homogenized with soiicator at $4^{\circ}C$ as monitored by phase contrast microscopy, and their membrane and cell content preparations were made for the immunization of mice. Their inoculation dose in volume was equivalent to the $1{\times}10^6$ trophozoites in each injection for immunization. And N. gruberi trophosoites, whieh was fixed with 5% formaldehyde, were also used for immunisation. Mice were inoculated intranasally with $5{\times}10^4$ N. fowleri trophozoites in a 511 suspension under anesthesia by as intraperitoneal injection of about 1 mg secobarbiturate. Nervousness, rotation or sluggish behaviour were observed in the mice which were infected with N. fewleri. Necrotic lesion was demonstrated in the anterior portion of brain, especially in the olfactory lobe. The inflammatory cell infiltration with numerous H. fowleri trophozoites was noticed. This pathological changes were more extensive in the control than in the experimental groups. Mice were dead due to experimental primary amoebic meningoencephalitis that developed between 8 days and 23 days after inoculation. Mortality rate of the mice was low in the immunized experimental group. Mean survival time, which is the survival duration of mice from the infection to death, was prolonged significantly in the immunized mice except in the mice immunized with JV, fowleri membrane. Even in the mice immunized with N. gruberi, survival time was delayed. In summary, the effectiveness of immunization is demonstrated in terms of protective immunity against Naegleria meningoencephalitis in mice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.439-444
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• 2012

We studied the characteristics of odor emitted from 40 swine facilities across the country under various conditions like rearing densities, management style, ventilation system and swine manure handling characteristics, based on the olfactory and analytical evaluation. Odor concentrations (D/T) measured from swine facilities were respectively an average 4,055 D/T at liquid manure storage tanks on aeration, an average 913 D/T at slurry manure storage, an average 506 D/T at finishing swine facilities and an average 201 D/T at composting facilities. The higher rearing densities and slurry accumulation volume in finishing swine house, the more odor concentration (D/T) was increased. But The odor concentration (D/T) in finishing swine house did not show significant difference according to application of microbial additives. 9 odor compounds ($NH_3$, $H_2S$, MM, DMS, DMDS, PA, n-BA, n-VA, i-VA) were detected at swine facilities and the main odor compounds were volatile sulfur compounds such as $H_2S$, MM and volatile fatty acids compounds such as n-BA, n-VA, i-VA. 97.5% of swine farms surveyed in this study is located within 300 m of residential area and it is easy to bring odor complaints.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.862-866
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• 2002

This study was performed to analyze aroma pattern of Panax species (Korean Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Chinese Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, Panax quinquefolium L, and Panax notoginseng F.H. Chen) by the PHGC (potable handheld gas chromatograph). Ratios of several peak areas in chromatogram of derivative parrtern were as follows. If ratio of Korean Panax ginseng was 1, Panax notoginseng was $0.030{\sim}0.674$, Chinese Panax ginseng was $0.005{\sim}0.212$ and panax quinquefolium was $0.241{\sim}0.871$. Ratios of peak area at $Rt_{20.02}$ were that if Korean panax ginseng was 1, Chinese Panax ginseng was 0.212, Panax quinquefolium was 0.343 and Panax notoginseng was 0.065. Ratios also of peak area at $Rt_{21.70}\;and\;Rt_{24.90}$ showed clear difference among aroma patterns of Panax specie cultivars. Flavor component at $Rt_{26.15}$ was not detected in Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng but in Korean Panax ginseng and Chinese Panax ginseng. Ratios of peak area at $Rt_{26.15}$ were that if Korean Panax ginseng was 1, Chinese Panax ginseng was 0.185. And so habitat of Panax species cultivars was discriminated. Cultivar and habitat of dried panax species was remarkably distinguised by the chromatogram of frequency pattern, derivative pattern and visual pattern using olfactory images known as Vapor $print^{TM}$.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

The external morphology of male and female of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) was studied using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three types of sensilla were identified on the funicle of antennae. The trichoid sensilla were most conspicious and distributed with a characteristic sharp structure at the apical end. Basiconic sensilla were showed distal curvature about $13{\mu}m$ long and $1.2{\mu}m$ to $1.4{\mu}m$ in diameter. Grooved sensilla were showed a finger-like projections at the peg apex. The function of these sensilla likely to be olfactory. The mouthparts were adapted for sucking food, and formed a elongate rostrum which was incorporated with labrum. The labrum was a small and flap-like shape. The slender and paired maxillary palp seemed to combine with each other lengthwise to long tube. The tarsus typically consisted of 5 segments, which might be variously modified, principally by thickening or flattening. The segment beared a pair of claws. Beneath the claws, there was a pair of pad-like pulvillia and a bristle-like median empodium. L. trifolii might secreted on the pulvillus and empodium an adhesive substance that enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Male terminalia was complicated. The name 'aedeagus' seemed the best available general term for the copulatory organ, otherwise, female terminalia was usually relatively simple. This structure was reduced and formed a telescopic, eversible, and tubular ovipositor.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 1999

External morphology characteristics of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporarium were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. The antennae of the greenhouse whitefly was 6 segments. rod-shape, and 0.3mm length. On the 6th segment, there were many sensilla for searching host-plant as olfactory receptor. The mouthpart of the greenhouse whitefly was a piercing-sucing type, then its stylet was well developed for piercing plant leaf tissue. Claw of the foreleg was a 3-way hook shape including paranychium for attaching plant surface to pierce and lay egg.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.136-137
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• 2009

Japanese waterfront project consisted actively from an early stage in 1980's, and the project which activated an area in a destination in a various part of Japan was implemented. For a study to however conscious whether the user in water front be of the waterside space in such waterfront project paper its number is very small. A questionnaire survey was put into effect targeted for 17 points of Japanese typical waterfront project paper completed in about 1990 by this research. With the foundation of this, a member item mean, it was possible to classify development paper of 17 results factor analysis is by 4 kind type of the aquarium type, the natural type, the middle type and the artificial type. And it was possible to classify the motive item conscious of the waterside space by 7 kinds, a view, smell, hearing, sense of touch, the taste, existence of facilities and activity behavior. When seeing the motive item in the center, sight was highest by 57% and about 8%, sense of touch, hearing and olfactory three senses had the lowest taste by 1%. "With aquarium" existence of facilities including etc was about 12 %, and activity behavior including Hitoshi who" can clear a quay" was about 6 %, and it appeared.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2007

The antennae of millipedes have a prominent function in detecting various types of environmental stimuli. The structural modification of the antennae is closely associated with the degree of sense recognition. Here we study functional morphology of the antennae of the millipede Cawjeekelia pyongana using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The antennae generally include eight segments, called articles. On the surface of the antennae, there are a variety of sensory receptors which include olfactory and mechanical receptors. We could identify four different types of antennal sensory organs in C. pyongana as follows: apical cone (Ac), trichoid sensilla (Ts), chaetiform sensilla (Cs) and basiconic sensilla (Bs). The most prominent of which is four APs at the 8th article. Both of the Is and the Cs are abundantly observed almost all of the antennal segments. They are long and strong bristles with longitudinal grooves acuminating toward the tip. The Bs is further divided into three subtypes: large basiconic sensilla $(Bs_1)$, small basiconic sensilla $(Bs_2)$ and spiniform basiconic sensilla $(Bs_3)$. The $Bs_1$ is located at the 5th and 6th articles, while the $Bs_2$ and $Bs_3$ can be seen at the 5th and at the 7th article, respectively.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to verify human physiological responses to emotional lighting system using LED (light emitting diode) flat lighting. Subjects were ten males in their twenties without medical history to eyes. Colors of LED lighting are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and colorless (white). They were stimulated by LED lighting for 5 minutes. We measured body temperature, heart rate variability (HRV) and electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after color stimulus. In case of EEG analysis, relative power ${\alpha}$ wave ratio decreased in the groups of colorless, red and orange color light. Also, sympathetic nerve was more activated than parasympathetic nerve and the body temperature was increased in the groups of colorless, red, orange, yellow color light. On the other hand, relative power ${\alpha}$ wave ratio increased and parasympathetic nerve was more activated than sympathetic nerve and the body temperature was decreased in the groups of green, blue and purple color light. The results imply that the LED color lighting system in the realistic experiment environment. In the future, studies with compounded both colors and modes according to situation or auditory as nature sound or olfactory as aroma will be required.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.52-59
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• 2014

In general, sulfur containing odorants are added to fuel gases, such as LPG, and city gas, to prevent gas poisoning, ignition, explosion, or other accident caused by fuel gases, and to enable immediate and easy detection of fuel-gas leakage by emitting an offensive smell. In this study, sulfur free odorant for low sulfur fuel and prevention of metal corrosion were developed to replace current sulfur containing odorant for gas fuel. They were selected from 12 odorant containing non-sulfur organic compounds and evaluated by odor olfactory method (odor quality, odor intensity). Finally, selected mixture odorants were methyl isovalerate, methyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-3-methyl pyrazine with blending ratio of 50% : 40% : 10%. Final Sulfur free odorant was added 40 wt ppm in LPG fuels and evaluated fuel quality characteristics, metal corrosion test and long term stability of LPG fuel. It were limit in current LPG fuel standard in fuel quality characteristics. Final Sulfur free odorant also had no influence on metal corrosion and long term stability test with 60 days by adding in LPG fuels. Finally, they were shown to be warning agent candidates to reduce sulfur content and metal corrosion for LPG fuel.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to research on the characteristics of outpatients and distributions of diseases in ophthalmology, otolaryngology of Korean medicine in 2012-2016 and compare the result with previous studies. Methods : This study is based on the analysis of medical records of total 2,319 outpatients in ophthalmology, otolaryngology of Korean medicine at Kyung Hee Korean medicine hospital from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2016. We searched on the demographic characteristics of outpatients and the distributions of diseases in order of frequency by age and sex. Then, we compared these results to previous results of papers at same hospital in 2000 and 2007. Results : The common diseases in 2012-2016 were dry eye syndrome in ophthalmology(32.14%), tinnitus and hearing loss in otology(72.69%), rhinitis in rhinology(82.20%) and laryngopharyngitis in laryngology(67.77%). The most increasing diseases in the distribution between 2004-2006 and 2012-2016 were retinopathy in ophthalmology(+366.77%), etc including the eustachian tube disorder in otology(+151.55%), olfactory disorder in rhinology(+167.50%) and laryngopharyngitis in laryngology(+126.20%). Conclusions : If we accumulate these kinds of epidemiologic studies on ophthalmology, otolaryngology of Korean medicine, it will be great help to make Korean medical preparations for the increasing diseases on these fields.