• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.238-245
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• 2014

Purpose: Gastric cancer often occurs in the elderly but is uncommon in young individuals. Whether young patients have different clinical behaviors and outcomes from those of older patients remain unclear. Materials and Methods: We identified 1,366 cases of newly diagnosed noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Cancer Registry between 2000 and 2010. We then compared the clinicopathological features and survival among the different age groups. Results: The male : female ratio differed significantly between the younger and older patient groups (0.84 in age <50 years vs. 1.52>60 years, P<0.01). More younger patients were Hispanic (54% patients <40 years vs. 19% patients ${\geq}70$ years, P<0.0001), while more older patients were Caucasian (49% patients ${\geq}70$ years vs. 15% patients <40 years; P<0.0001). The diffuse/mixed histological type was more prevalent in younger patients (70% patients <40 years vs. 27% patients ${\geq}70$ years; P<0.0001), whereas the intestinal type was more frequent in older patients (71% in patients ${\geq}70$ years vs. 30% in patients <40 years; P<0.0001). Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was more common in the younger patients (80% in patients <40 years vs. 60% in patients ${\geq}70$ years; P=0.016). Survival rates at 1, 2, and 5 years gradually declined with increasing age (overall P=0.0002). Conclusions: Young patients with gastric cancer had more aggressive disease but higher overall survival rates than older patients. Younger Hispanic patients and older Caucasian patients were more likely to be diagnosed with gastric cancer. These differences may be due to biological predisposition and/or environmental exposure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2695-2697
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• 2016

Background: Gastric cancer, the fifth most common malignancy in the world, usually affects older individuals but can occur in younger age groups. In this study we compared the clinicopathological profile of young patients of gastric cancer with that of older patients. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective study of gastric cancer patients treated over three year period (January 2012 to December 2014). Data of patients were obtained from the medical record. Clinical and pathological characters of younger patients (age 40 years or less) were compared with older patients (age more than 40 years). Results: There were total of 152 patients treated during the study period. Twenty patients (13.2%) were less than 40 years of age and 132 (86.8%) were older. The male to female ratio in younger patients was 1:1.5 whereas in older patients it was 1:0.6. In the younger age group 14 patients (70%) had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in contrast to 45% in the older age group (p<0.01). Some 55% of younger and 42% of older patients had stage IV disease at presentation and curative surgery was not possible. Palliative surgery for gastric outlet obstruction or bleeding from the tumor was performed on 25% and 21% respectively. Conclusions: Gastric cancer in young people aged less than 40 years has unique characters like female predominance, unfavorable tumor biology, and advanced stage at presentation. There should be a high index of suspicion of gastric cancer even in young patients.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.192-196
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• 2003

The Lateral dorsal cutaneous branch of sural nerve (LDCB) is a terminal sensory branch of lower extremities. It can be injured frequently in peripheral nerves. However, the normal data of each component of nerve conduction study (NCS) of were not studied at this time. The Nerve Conduction Study of LDCB adults were assessed for amplitude, area, duration and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in normal fifty. We also evaluated how age, sex and dexterity affect the various components of NCS. The Mean amplitude of LDCB was $9.45{\pm}1.93{\mu}V$, area was $4.05{\pm}0.55{\mu}V/s$, duration was $1.50{\pm}0.13s$, and NCV was $37.9{\pm}3.09m/s$, respectively. The amplitude of right was $10.1{\mu}V$ in men, $8.65{\mu}V$ in women. The area of right was $3.83{\mu}V/s$ in less than 40 years and $4.24{\mu}V/s$ in older than 40 years. The areas of left was $3.86{\mu}V/s$ in less than 40 years and $4.30{\mu}V/s$ in older than 40 years. The NCV was 39.0 m/s in less than 40 years and 36.7 m/s in older than 40 years. All of above differences were statistically significant. There were no statistically significant differences between right and left NCS. Normal data of LDCB could be applicable in peripheral neuropathy or nerve injury.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.507-511
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• 2000

Background: The prognosis for young patients generally considered to be poor. The purpose of this study was to determined whether the clinical characteristics and the survival rate in young lung cancer patients after surgical treatment differs from that in older patients. Material and Method: Of 526 patients, 28(5.3%) were 30 to 40 years old. We studied the clinical characteristics and prognosis of 28 patients aged 40 years or less(Group 1), in whom primary lung cancer was diagnosed and operated between 1990 and 1997, and compared them with those 498 patients aged more than 40 years(Group 2). Result: The differences in sex ratio that were higher for women in Group 1, but there was no significant difference (p=0.297). The percentages for smokers and symptoms in Group 1 were significantly less than in Group 2.(p=0.049, p=0.008). Adenocarcinoma was significantly more common (p=0.018) and squamous cell diagnosed was diagnosed as stage IIIb or stage IV in 9 patients(32.1%), while 12.0% of the patients older than 40 years of age had either stage IIIb or stage IV(p=0.002). The 5-year survival rate was 41.3% in Group 1 ; 37.7% in Group 2, and the median survival time was 24.3 months in Group 1 ; 27.0 months is Group 2. There were no significant difference in survival between two age groups(p=0.808). Conclusion: Younger patients have more adenocarcinoma, however have less squamous cell carcinoma, less symptoms and less smoking history. Although younger patients tended to have more advanced disease and less complete resection rate, the recurrence and the long term survival in these patients did not differ that of older patients.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.196-200
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in middle-aged patients and determine the factors affecting the outcome. Subjects and Methods : Clinical results obtained from 60 cases (60 patients) older than 40 years of age at the time of surgery and 58 cases (58 patients) younger than 40 years of age who underwent ACL reconstruction between August 1988 to January 2002, return to sports activity, and stress radiographs using Telos instrument were compared. Results : The Lysholm knee score was improved from the preoperative score of 54.0 points to the postoperative score of 92.9 in patients older than 40 years of age and was improved from 56.2 points to 92.2 points in patients younger than 40 years of age. Clinical outcome was excellent in 51 cases $(85\%)$ and good in 9 cases $(15\%)$ in patients olde. than 40 years of age and was excellent in 47 cases $(81.0\%)$ and good in 11 cases $(19.0\%)$ in patients younger than 40 years of age. There was a significant difference in the rate of returning to preoperative sports activity between patients older than 40 years of age ($60\%$, 36 cases) and younger than 40 years ($82.8\%$, 48 cases). According to Telos stress radiography, the preoperative difference of 11.2 mm was decreased to the postoperative difference of 3.1 mm in patients older than 40 years of age and the preoperative difference of 10.7 mm was decreased to the postoperative difference of 2.9 mm in patients younger than 40 years of age. Clinical outcome did not show significant correlation with age, gender, surgery method, the presence of additional injury, and the rate of return to sports activity before receiving injury (p>0.05). Conclusion : Age didn't have a significant influence on the final outcome of ACL reconstruction and good results could be obtained with ACL reconstruction even in middle-aged patients.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2020

Background: To determine the prevalence of rotator cuff diseases in a population older than 40 years in or nearby Chuncheon city, Republic of Korea. Methods: Sixty shoulders of 30 people older than 40 years who participated in a health lecture were examined for free by an orthopedic surgeon. Visual analog scale of pain and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores were assigned, and routine physical examination was performed. Ultrasonography was performed on the shoulder. Results: On ultrasonographic examination, there were one shoulder with full thickness rotator cuff tear, 20 of 60 (33%) with partial thickness rotator cuff tear, five of 60 (8%) with calcific tendinitis, one of 60 (2%) with tear of the long head of the biceps, and five of 60 (8%) with tendinitis of the long head of the biceps. Participants older than 60 years showed significantly high proportions of lesion of the long head of the biceps and rotator cuff diseases (P=0.019 and P=0.015, respectively). Participants who performed physical labor had high proportions of rotator cuff tear and rotator cuff disease (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions: Rotator cuff diseases showed a high prevalence in aged persons and resulted in a decrease in shoulder function.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.861-865
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• 1993

The lung cancer in patients under 40 years old is rare and reported to be more rapidly fatal than in older persons. We reviewed the records of 18 cases who younger than 40 years with histologically proven lung cancer between 1959 and 1992 at department of Thoracic Surgery in National Medical Center. There were 12 male and 6 female patients. Two male and all female patients had never smoked. The 17 cases had respiratory symptoms for a mean duration of 3 months. The squamous carcinoma was found in 7 cases[38.9%], small cell carcinoma in 4 cases[22.2%], mixed cell carcinoma in 4 cases[22.2%], adenocarcinoma in 2 cases[11.1%] and bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma in 1 case. Among the 6 resected tumors, one case was stage I, two cases were stage II and three cases were stage IIIa. The operation was considered complete and curative in 6 patients and noncurative in 6 pations because of an exploratory thoracotomy. We conclude that lung cancer in young persons is virulent and that diagnosis is frequently delayed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.303-312
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between periodontal disease, number of remaining teeth with high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein in Korean adults aged 40 and older. Methods: The study used the Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-3), 2015. The study sample consisted of 3,883 aged 40 years or older who had completed the health survey and the health examination. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the odds ratios of high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein by periodontal disease and number of remaining teeth, adjusting for demographic characteristics, chronic diseases and oral health behavior-related variables. Results: When the demographic and chronic diseases were adjusted, the risk of high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP) average 1.23 mg/L or higher was 1.36 times higher in patients with periodontal disease between the ages of 40 and 49, but it was not significant (OR=1.36; 95% CI=0.82-2.23). In addition, in the group of 0~23 remaining teeth aged 40~49 years, the risk of higher than the average 1.23 mg/L of high-sensitivity C-Reactive protein was 2.03 times higher (OR=2.03; 95% CI=1.10-3.74), and 1.49 times higher in 60~69 years (OR=1.07; 95% CI=1.04-2.76). Conclusions: This study found that periodontal disease and tooth loss in Korean adults aged 40 and older was significantly associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.241-250
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• 2008

The interest in male osteoporosis is increasing as the incidence of osteoporotic fractures has increased not only in female but also in male due to the increase of old age population thanks to the development of medical science and science in general. Therefore, this study is to find factors related to bone mineral density of male older than 40 years old, to investigate the incidence of the male osteoporosis and to provide a basic result for prevention and medical treatment for the male osteoporosis. The incidence of the osteopenia and the osteoporosis at L-spine was 45% and 12.9% respectively and the incidence of them at femur was 51.9% and 7.63% respectively, among male older than 40 years old who took a medical examination. It was higher than the existing study results conducted to male older than 50 years old in USA and Europe. The incidence of them at both of L-spine and femur showed a significant difference depending the age groups. As the age increases, the average bone mineral density decreases at both of L-spine and femur. And as the weight increases and the body mass index is higher, the incidence of the osteoporosis decreases. There was no significant relation with the incidence of the osteoporosis depending on the exercise, the smoking and the drinking, but the number of exercise, smoking and drinking changes the quantity of bone and are factors influencing the bone mineral density of male person.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.169-177
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• 1999

Osteosarcoma in patients older than 40 years are rare, however they have different clinical, radiological and pathological features from those of younger patients. Sometimes accurate histologic diagnosis is not easy, which is important in determining the correct surgical treatment and appropriate chemotherapy. Since January 1995, 11 patients with osteosarcoma occurring in patients older than 40 years have been diagnosed, treated and followed up for more than 6 months. In contrast to osteosarcoma in children and adolescents, only 4 cases(36.4%) were conventional types, while the others included 2 malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like types, 2 small cell types, 2 periosteal osteosarcomas and 1 giant cell-rich type. Seven cases showed purely osteolytic or predominantly osteolytic bony lesions and 8 were in Enneking stage IIB. Performed surgical treatments included 2 amputations, 6 wide resections and reconstructions, and one curettage and autogenous bone graft. In the remaining 2 cases, definitive surgical treatments included not carried out because of old age, multifocal involvement or poor medical tolerance. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapies were performed in 9 of 11 patients. At last follow-up, there were 6 continuously disease-free survivals, 3 alive with diseases and 2 died of diseases. The overall cumulative 4-year survival rate calculated using Kaplan-Meier's productlimit method was 59.3%. For improved oncologic outcomes and survivals, early and accurate diagnosis, surgical treatment with adequate margin and neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy will be necessary.