• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.69-78
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• 2017

PURPOSES : In this study, we analyzed the road crossing behavior of older pedestrians on a mid-block signalized crosswalk, and compared it to that of younger pedestrians. In addition, we analyzed the correlation between accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads and their behavioral characteristics. Finally, we confirmed the reasons for an increase in accidents involving older pedestrians. METHODS : First, 30 areas with the highest incidence of accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads were selected as target areas for analysis. Next, we measured the start-up delay (the time elapsed from the moment the signal turns green to the moment the pedestrian starts walking) and head movement (the number of head turns during crossing a road) of 900 (450 older and 450 younger) pedestrians. The next step was to conduct a survey and confirm the differences in judgment between older and younger pedestrians about approaching vehicles. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between the survey results and traffic accidents. RESULTS : The average start-up delay and head movement of the older pedestrians was 1.58 seconds and 3.15 times, respectively. A definite correlation was obtained between head movement and the frequency of pedestrian traffic accidents. The results of our survey indicate that 17.3% of the older pedestrians and 7.8% of the younger pedestrians have a high crash risk. CONCLUSIONS : Behavioral characteristics of older pedestrians were closely correlated with accidents involving older pedestrians while crossing roads in mid-block signalized crosswalks. Our study indicates that in order to reduce the number of accidents involving older pedestrians, it is necessary to develop an improvement plan including measures such as installation of safety facilities taking the behavioral characteristics of older pedestrians into consideration and their safety education.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.207-221
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• 2016

In Korea, older pedestrian accounted for 57% of all pedestrian deaths although a ratio of older pedestrian accidents to total pedestrian accidents was only 25.9%. Though ageing population problem becomes more challenging for road safety, little is know about the behaviour of older pedestrian's behaviour. This study aimed to identify road crossing behaviour of older pedestrian at three-lane unsignalized crosswalks using video image analysis and to compare the behaviour of older pedestrian to younger one by indicators including approaching speed, the number of walking steps and other factors. The results showed that there was a difference of approaching time at kerb, waiting time at kerb, the number of glances at kerb, and the number of glances at crossing between two groups under the situation of car approaching to crosswalks. It also showed that older pedestrian usually spent 1.16 times more than younger pedestrian to walk across the crosswalk with only 84.4% of walking speed of younger pedestrian. The number of steps of older pedestrian for road crossing was 1.12 times higher with 90% shorter steps than younger pedestrian. It was concluded that older pedestrian usually decided to walk across in case of 1.67 times longer headway than younger pedestrian's decision. These results could be applied in road and facility design for better safety of older pedestrians.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

Korea's transportation paradigm is shifting from a vehicle-oriented transportation plan to a pedestrian-friendly environment that emphasizes walking safety. However, the level of pedestrian traffic accidents in Korea is still high and serious. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors affecting the severity of pedestrians traffic accidents using the multilevel logistic regression model based on 2015-2017 pedestrian accidents data provided by the Traffic Accident Analysis System(TAAS). The main results of the multilevel logistic regression model showed that 89% of pedestrian traffic accidents in Seoul were explained by individual characteristics such as drivers and pedestrians, and 11% were explained by neighborhood environmental characteristics. The results are as follows : In the individual characteristics such as pedestrians and drivers, the older the pedestrians and the drivers, the higher the traffic accident severity. The severity of traffic accidents was high when the pedestrians were female and the drivers were male. In the case of accident types, traffic accidents were more serious in the cases of heavy vehicles, inclement weather, and occurring at intersections and crosswalks. The results of the neighborhood environmental characteristics are as follows. The intersection density and the crosswalk density tended to reduce the severity of traffic accidents. On the other hand, the traffic light density and the school zones were founded to related to the higher level of traffic accident severity. This study suggests that both individual and neighborhood environmental characteristics should be considered together to prevent and reduce the severity of pedestrian traffic accidents.

• Journal of the Korea Construction Safety Engineering Association
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• s.55
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• pp.10-17
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• 2012

Aging society may approached to our society during snatch very, and enter in super aging society for more span. Investment that we which live 21th century are many in people's quality of life elevation meantime did not consist, but stand in visual point that must improve many portions forward. For front, repletions for many equipments that consider aged on our society must consist, and much researches may have to be gone for this. According to traffic accident result, percentage of older pedestrian deaths was 46.5% as much in Korea. In particular, the crossing accidents by 59% or more of the older pedestrian traffic safety measures that target is an urgent situation. Therefore, in this study was to identify the domestic status and problem on no-sidewalk region for older pedestrians. In addition, side walk the installation and maintenance plan presented to prepare for aging society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the roundabout accidents near schools. This study gives particular attentions discussing characteristics by pedestrian accident severity using the ordered logit models. In pursuing the above, 63 roundabouts installed before 2014 are surveyed for modeling. the traffic accident data from 2014 to 2016 are collected from TAAS data set of Road Traffic Authority. Such 35variables explaining the accidents as environment, human, geometries, school and roundabout factor are selected from literature reviews. The main results are as follows. First, the ordered logit models (${\rho}^2$ of 0.272, $x^2$ of 24.723) which is statistically significant have been developed. Second, environment factor variable is analyzed to be day or night ($X_1$ ), human factor variables are evaluated to be driver gender($X_4$), older driver($X_5$), pedestrian gender($X_7$) and children pedestrian($X_8$ ). Third, geometries factor variable are analyzed to be speed limit sign($X_{16}$) and median barrier($X_{21}$), school factor variables are evaluated to be hump-type crosswalk($X_{25}$), CCTV($X_{26}$) and school zone sign($X_{27}$), roundabout factor are analyzed to be roundabout sign($X_{30}$) and number of circulatory roadway lane($X_{32}$). Finally, this study could give some implications to decreasing the accidents severity at roundabout near schools.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.143-149
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• 2019

Purpose: No previous study has assessed elderly pedestrian traffic accidents based on a nationwide database. This study aimed to help primary physicians who examine patients in emergency departments to determine and make prompt and accurate treatment decisions. Methods: This study used data from the Emergency Department-based Injury Indepth Surveillance from 2013 to 2017, managed by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Pedestrians aged ${\geq}65years$ were included, and using multivariate logistic regression multiple factors were analyzed to determine their relationship with injury severity. Results: Of 227,695 subjects, 6,498 were included, of whom 2,065 (31.8%) were severely injured. There were more female than male patients in all severity groups. Most accidents occurred in the afternoon and on general roads. In the multivariate analysis, the odds ratio (OR) of injury severity for male pedestrians was 1.165 (95% confidence interval: 1.034-1.313, p=0.012). Older age of patients and the use of ambulances were associated with greater injury severity. The accident time affected the degree of injury severity; i.e., compared to dawn, injury severity increased in the morning (OR: 1.246, p=0.047) and decreased at night (OR: 0.678, p<0.001). A significant difference was noted in the correlation between the type of vehicle causing the accident and the accident severity; i.e., motorcycle accidents had lower severity than bicycle accidents (OR: 0.582, p=0.047). Conclusions: Injury severity was correlated with sex, age, transportation to the ED, TA onset time, and type of vehicle. The study results suggest that injury severity may be positively reflected in initial assessments and overall integrated treatments by physicians and in the related policies.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.44-48
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• 2012

Purpose: The management of splenic injuries has shifted from a splenectomy to splenic preservation owing to immunity. The purpose of this study was to assess the kinds of management and outcomes through a review of our experience with splenic injuries. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 47 patients with traumatic splenic injuries using by electronic medical records from Jan. 2007 and Dec. 2011. Splenic injuries were classified according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grading system. Results: There were 11 falls, 11 traffic accidents, 10 motorcylcle accidents, 10 pedestrian accidents and 5 abdominal blunt traumas. Low-grade injured patients (${\leq}$ Grade III) were 29 of 43(61.7%), and High-grade injured patients (${\geq}$ Grade IV) were 18 of 43(38.3%). In 34 patients, non-surgical treatment was performed, and 14 patients underwent a splenectomy. There were relatively more high-grade in older patients, and the high-grade-injury group showed need for a transfusion (p=0.002), more need for a splenectomy (p<0.001), a longer mean hospital stay (p=0.036), a longer ICU stay (p=0.045) and more combined organ injury (p=0.036). Conclusion: Conservative treatment should be considered in low-grade-injury patients (${\leq}$ Grade III). A Splenectomy was performed on 56% of the patients with Grade IV injuries, so a splenectomy should be considered carefully in such patients. In patients with a grade V injury, we think surgical treatment may be needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.437-447
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• 2020

Following the extension of human life expectancy, the number of elderly traffic accidents that have been increasing at a rapid pace since 2018 has also emerged as a social problem. The traffic accident rate among those aged 65 and older is increasing, but traffic safety policies are insufficient. Based on the analysis of traffic accident status for senior citizens and traffic accident for the past five years from 2014, the reduction plan is to be presented in three main aspects. First, the system needs systematic management by strengthening the system of senior citizens' transport policy departments and driver's license for senior citizens in government agencies, such as the United States, Britain and Japan, from an institutional perspective, so that the walking time and crosswalk traffic environment for the vulnerable should be improved from an environmental perspective. In addition, in human terms, the ability to cope with real-time changes in traffic conditions should be enhanced by training transportation safety experts to secure the effectiveness of education for elderly drivers and by strengthening safety education for those with driver's license and expanding experienced traffic safety facilities to enhance the ability of senior citizens to cope with the changing traffic conditions in real time.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2016

In accordance to rapid aging of population, the accidents of elderly pedestrian and pedestrian safety are becoming very important issues. In terms of smartphone technologies, older people are increasingly looking for useful and friendly ICT services that which can add a value on their silver life. This paper introduced a new IT-based service for elderly walking assist using a smart-phone accompanied by a wearable watch. We describe the functional requirements and a systems architecture model with an interface between a smart-phone and wearable watch. Moreover, this study attempted to verify what services are needed and to estimate elderly pedestrians' WTP (willingness to pay) for IT-based walking assistance device. A total of 189 elderly pedestrians were randomly surveyed through face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire consisted of 3 categories: (1) questions pertaining to socio-economic status, (2) 12 questions regarding walking attitudes, and (3) a question to measure WTP. With this gathered data, factor analysis and path model estimating were conducted. The results identified the elderly user requirements and the use-value of new innovative products for IT-based walking assistance services by two groups(latent elderly and elderly). The modeling result shows that elderly's service preference would increase the possibilities for the commercialization of IT-based walking device with improving their walking safety.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2024

Purpose: Falls among persons older than 65 years are a significant concern due to their frequency and severity. This study aimed to develop a vest-type embedded artificial intelligence (AI) system capable of detecting and predicting falls in various scenarios. Methods: In this study, we established and developed a vest-type embedded AI system to judge and predict falls in various directions and situations. To train the AI, we collected data using acceleration and gyroscope values from a six-axis sensor attached to the seventh cervical and the second sacral vertebrae of the user, considering accurate motion analysis of the human body. The model was constructed using a neural network-based AI prediction algorithm to anticipate the direction of falls using the collected pedestrian data. Results: We focused on developing a lightweight and efficient fall prediction model for integration into an embedded AI algorithm system, ensuring real-time network optimization. Our results showed that the accuracy of fall occurrence and direction prediction using the trained fall prediction model was 89.0% and 78.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the fall occurrence and direction prediction accuracy of the model quantized for embedded porting was 87.0 % and 75.5 %, respectively. Conclusion: The developed fall detection and prediction system, designed as a vest-type with an embedded AI algorithm, offers the potential to provide real-time feedback to pedestrians in clinical settings and proactively prepare for accidents.