• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.7033-7037
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• 2013

The purpose of the present study was to provide an assessment of the incidence of cancer of the larynx in Kazakhstan with especial attention to ethnicity and gender, as well as age. The retrospective design covered all new cases of laryngeal cancer in 11 years (1999-2009). The total number was 4,967 cases, 4,535 (91.3%) in males and 432 (8.7%) in women, with a gender ratio of 10.5:1. Patients of Kazakh (31.2%) and Russian (51.4%) ethnicity accounted for the vast majority (82.6%), with Russians predominating in both sexes, but particularly in females. Age peak in Kazakhs was 70 years and older ($14.6{\pm}0.70/0000$), and in Russians was 60-69 years ($21.6{\pm}1.30/0000$). In the dynamics, the rates had the tendency to decrease more markedly in Russian than Kazakh men, especially in the younger groups, while increase was noted in the youngest females of both ethnicities, but again greater in Russians, presumably reflecting change in underlying lifestyle factors.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.25-36
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• 2005

Data of 650 college students in the nation were collected by mail in 2001 Nov. Students preference over cyber communication methods were SMS message, messenger, blog, e-mail in that order. Younger students prefer SMS messages while older students prefer e-mail in relative term. Mobile phone is used more for SMS message than voice communication which is more so with females. The rate of non e-mail use is 57.8%, particularly males(61.9%) and younger students(69.4%) are higher. E-mail, once was very high in use, is being replaced by new media. Suggestion for e-learning environment are being connected, immediacy, active use of blog, more use of fun multimedia information.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.47-61
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• 2004

The major purpose of the present research was to examine the effect of adolescents's perception of parents' marital relationship and attachment with their parents on school adjustment. This study also tried to investigate the inter-relationship among related variables, and the differences in the level of school adjustment according to adolescents' general characteristics. The participants were 355 middle and high school students who lived in Chollabuk-Do province. The major results of this research were as follows. First, there were significant differences in the level of school adjustment according to sex, age, and grade point. average That is, the level of school adjustment was higher for males, for older adolescents, and for those recording higher grade point, than for females, for younger, and for those recording relatively lower grade point. Second, parents' marital relationship was positively correlated with positive aspects of attachment with their parents(i.e., communication and trust), and with school adjustment. but negatively correlated with negative aspect of attachment(i.e., alienation from their parents). Finally, multiple regression analyses were performed to analyze the relative significance of the related variables influencing on school adjustment after controlling the effect of sex, age, and grade point. It was found that communication with fathers was the most powerful predictor of school adjustment, while attachment with mothers was not found to be a significant predictor of school adjustment.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.308-313
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• 2010

Objectives : The weekly variation of ischemic stroke incidence according to the age and sex. Methods : 977 consecutively admitted patients (521 males and 456 females) in a single stroke center from 2006 to 2008. All cases were confirmed with standardized criteria. We used the independent t-test and $x^2$ test in statistical methods. Results : The results demonstrated significant weekly variations of ischemic stroke incidence showing higher incidence on Saturday, Monday and Tuesday and lower incidence on the other days. Difference of ischemic stroke incidence was also shown between transit days, which included the transit days from the weekend to the week and vice versa, and non-transit days. Those aged older than 60 years and females showed more significant differences of weekly variation on transit days than on non-transit days. Conclusions : Ischemic stroke incidence has significant weekly variation, and transit days have higher incidence than non-transit days. Further study is required to identify the general weekly variation by multi-center trial.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the physical and psychological health effects of air pollutants from new building materials, 100 employees who worked in new buildings were given a general health questionnaire, and the prevalence of their subjective complaints was measured. The collected data were classified according to age, gender, smoking status, profession, working time, sleep time, life style, and length of employment. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The THI lie scale scores were significantly higher among the older respondents. Compared to males, females showed a significantly higher level in the depression itemas well asa tendency toward high ratios of physical and psychological complaints. The smoking group showed higher scores regarding health complaints related to most physical and psychological items. Smokers showed significantly increased respiratory organ complaints compared to nonsmokers. Those with a profession showed significantly higher level of nervousness. The group of those working 7 to 10 hours group showed higher rates of complaints in the multiple subjective symptoms and mouth/anus items than the group working less than 2 hours. Those living an irregular life showed a tendency toward higher rates of complaints for most physical and psychological subjective factors. Those who were satisfied with their environments showed significantly lower scores in the mouth/anus, impulsiveness, mental irritability, depression, and nervousness items. In summary, this study shows that the health complaint scores regarding physical and psychological symptoms tended to be higher among the unsatisfied group, the irregular life group, the group who worked long hours, the elderly, smokers, and females. These results can be used to improve the psychosomatic health status and working environments of employees working in new buildings.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.540-551
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• 2013

Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is becoming an epidemic and thereby a global health problem. Further, VDD adversely affects calcium metabolism and skeletal health, and is associated with increased risk of several diseases, e.g., autoimmune diseases, several types of cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases, asthma, psoriatic arthritis, and etc. To evaluate the prevalence of VDD in Korea, and then to evaluate the association of several factors with serum 25(OH)D level, the author analyzed the data of 14,456 individuals who were 10 years of age and over from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1 & 2 (KNHANES V-1 & 2) conducted by the Korean Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. As a result, among Koreans (age $${\geq_-}$$ 10years), 65.9% of males and 77.7% of females were below optimum blood serum 25(OH)D (20 ng/mL). VDD is more severe in female than in male at all age groups. In addition, the younger generations had less 25(OH)D level than older generations in Korea. The analysis by complex sample general linear model (CSGLM) suggested that blood 25(OH)D concentration was related with gender (p < .001), residence (p = .030), occupation (p < .001), anemia (p < .001) and physical activity (p < .001). In conclusion, VDD is pandemic and it is more severe in younger generations in Korea. Further, from the results by CSGLM, serum 25(OH)D status is closely related with the life style of Koreans.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.17-26
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the perception and usage of Bizi through a survey. The subjects of this study consisted of 49.5％ males and 50.5％ females in the Daegu area. The main results are as follows : about 85％ of the participants preferred Bizi owing to good taste but others didn't like it owing to bad taste. The older generation have liked and eaten it rather than the young. Responses to the 13 questions about Bizi were measured on a 5 point Kikert scale. The item 'Bizi is traditional food' was received the highest point but 'Bizi is delicious' earned the lowest. Furthermore, there were certain significant differences according to the age of the consumer. Dishes using Bizi as the main ingredient were listed according to perception as follows: Bizi-Chigae, Bizi-Bindaeduck, Bizi-Jun, and so on. About one half of the subjects knew how to make Bizi and 40.4％ of them inherited the recipes from their mothers. Prospects for Bizi consumption showed differences according to the type of generation. About 50.0％ said the plan should be 'suggested cooking methods' and 'made of good quality domestic soybean' for the purpose of better improvement and extention of consumption.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of college student gambling experience on the gambling problems. Methods: The study included 260 students from four-year universities in Seoul and Gangwon Province, and collected data from March 1, 2018 to March 31, 2018. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 23.0. Results: First, gambling experience showed high frequency among males (68.5%), 21 years of age and older (45.5%), boarding house (66.1%), and two or more siblings (40.5%). Second, the gambling problem based on the experience of gambling was statistically significant in academic problem, interpersonal relationship, and gambling control. Third, the mental health of the subjects was highly correlated by interpersonal relationship, gambling recognition and academic problem. Also, academic problem was highly correlated in order of gambling control and interpersonal relationship. Fourth, effects of gambling experience on the gambling problems were identified as gambling control, interpersonal relationships, gambling awareness and mental health. Conclusion: Recognize the seriousness of the gambling problem of college students in order to solve the gambling problem, the government, communities and universities should actively promote the harmful effects of gambling and provide regular mental health. education at universities.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.256-266
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• 2019

In this study, obese adults were compared for their ability to predict obesity and lipid related variables and their optimal cutoff values to predict metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. In this study, 9,256 adults aged 20 years or older and less than 80 years old, who were in the Gyeonggi region from January 2014 to December 2016 and who were examined at a general hospital, were enrolled. The diagnostic criteria for obesity were WHO (World Health Organization), and BMI $25kg/m^2$ or more presented in the Asia-Pacific region. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed based on the criteria of American Heart Association / National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA / NHLBI). According to the results of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis, Triglyceride / HDL-cholesterol (TG / HDL-C), Triglyceride and Glucose (TyG) index, lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) showed high predictive power for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. The diagnostic accuracy of LAP (AUC: 0.854) for males and VAI (0.888) for females was the highest. The optimal cutoff value of LAP was 42.71 for male and 35.44 for female, and the cutoff value of VAI was 1.92 for male and 2.15 for female. In addition, WHtR (waist to height ratio), TyG index, and LAP were used as predictors of insulin resistance in obese adults. Therefore, LAP and VAI were superior to other indicators in predicting metabolic syndrome in obese adults.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2021

Purpose: Pediatric hand trauma is common and sometimes causes deformity or disability. The incidence and etiologies of hand trauma in children are different from those in adults. This study analyzed the characteristics of pediatric hand trauma cases and patients over a 15-year period. Methods: We conducted a retrospective medical record review of 3,432 children (2,265 boys, 1,167 girls, under 18 years of age) with hand injuries from January 2005 to December 2019. We evaluated the sex distribution and injury etiologies. Injuries were classified by type as burns, amputations, crushing injuries, lacerations, extensor and flexor tendon injuries, open and closed fractures, and nerve injuries. Results: Among the pediatric hand injury patients, males were predominant (1.94:1). Simple lacerations (58.4%) were the most common injury type, followed by fractures (22.8%). Lacerations and burns tended to be common in younger age groups, while tendon injuries, nerve injuries, and crushing injuries were more frequently encountered in older age groups. Conclusions: Hand trauma prevention strategies should be established considering the frequent trauma etiologies in specific age groups. An awareness of age-specific characteristics of pediatric hand trauma patients will be helpful to prevent hand trauma.