• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.297-306
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• 2022

Objectives: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality is increasing in developing countries. This study aimed to decompose the socioeconomic inequality of CVD in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 20 519 adults who enrolled in the Ardabil Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Principal component analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used, respectively, to estimate socioeconomic status and to describe the relationships between CVD prevalence and the explanatory variables. The relative concentration index, concentration curve, and Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition model were used to measure and decompose the socioeconomic inequality. Results: The overall age-adjusted prevalence of CVD was 8.4% in northwest Iran. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older adults, overweight or obese adults, and people with hypertension and diabetes were more likely to have CVD. Moreover, people with low economic status were 38% more likely to have CVD than people with high economic status. The prevalence of CVD was mainly concentrated among the poor (concentration index, -0.077: 95% confidence interval, -0.103 to -0.060), and 78.66% of the gap between the poorest and richest groups was attributed to differences in the distribution of the explanatory variables included in the model. Conclusions: The most important factors affecting inequality in CVD were old age, chronic illness (hypertension and diabetes), marital status, and socioeconomic status. This study documented stark inequality in the prevalence of CVD, wherein the poor were more affected than the rich. Therefore, it is necessary to implement policies to monitor, screen, and control CVD in poor people living in northwest Iran.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.784-794
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• 2023

Background: ginsenoside Rg5 is a rare ginsenoside with known hypoglycemic effects in diabetic mice. This study aimed to explore the effects of ginsenoside Rg5 on skin wound-healing in the Lepr^db/db mutant (db/db) mice (C57BL/KsJ background) model and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J, SLC7A11-knockout (KO), the littermate wild-type (WT), and db/db mice were used for in vivo and ex vivo studies. Results: Ginsenoside Rg5 provided through oral gavage in db/db mice significantly alleviated the abundance of apoptotic cells in the wound areas and facilitated skin wound healing. 50 μM ginsenoside Rg5 treatment nearly doubled the efferocytotic capability of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from db/db mice. It also reduced NF-κB p65 and SLC7A11 expression in the wounded areas of db/db mice dose-dependently. Ginsenoside Rg5 physically interacted with SLC7A11 and suppressed the cystine uptake and glutamate secretion of BMDCs from db/db and SLC7A11-WT mice but not in BMDCs from SLC7A11-KO mice. In BMDCs and conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s), ginsenoside Rg5 reduced their glycose storage and enhanced anaerobic glycolysis. Glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor CP-91149 almost abolished the effect of ginsenoside Rg5 on promoting efferocytosis. Conclusion: ginsenoside Rg5 can suppress the expression of SLC7A11 and inhibit its activity via physical binding. These effects collectively alleviate the negative regulations of SLC7A11 on anaerobic glycolysis, which fuels the efferocytosis of dendritic cells. Therefore, ginsenoside Rg5 has a potential adjuvant therapeutic reagent to support patients with wound-healing problems, such as diabetic foot ulcers.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.431-444
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to properly manage diseases such as blood sugar control so that patients with diabetes can benefit from both medication and health activities. Also, these health practices are greatly influenced by self-rated health, a subjective assessment of health status. Because self-rated health does not necessarily match the objective health status, it is important to identify which factors affect self-rated health. Methods: For the study, the data was gathered from the 4th-6th National Health Nutrition Survey (2007-2015). Out of the total 73,353 participants in the survey, 2,303 patients with uncontrolled blood sugar with an HbA1c level of more than 7% were selected for the final study. Dependent variables fell into two categories depending on how the participant reported whether he or she was in good health or not. Independent variables included socio-demographics, health behavioral, and health status factors. This study performed logistic regression analysis. Results: Out of 2,303 participants, 18.1% reported that their heath was 'good,' despite the fact that their blood sugar level was not controlled. After running a logistic regression model, the odds ratio of groups that perceive subjective health awareness as good was higher in the groups of people as below: in the people over 60 years old; in the people who graduated from a junior college or higher than those who had a level of education of primary school completion or less; in the people living in Chungnam than those living in Seoul; and in the group with hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: The study identified factors associated with those failed to perceive the blood sugar level as a severe health problem despite of the fact that blood sugar was not controlled. To improve public health, diabetes management policies need to be addressed to population groups with these problems above.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.311-320
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• 1993

This study was carried out along with the 1990 6th National Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey in order to estimate the prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus among a representative adult Korean population. Fasting blood glucose was measured by diastix (Ames) using glucometer II for seventy seven percent of the population (30 year old or above) residing in 190 enumeration districts randomly sampled from 146,944 general ED. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus of the population was estimated by projecting the ratio of ${\geq}200mg/dl\;PP_2$ of fasting blood sugar level below 120 mg/dl by sex to the study population. Fasting blood glucose and 2 hr. postprandial blood glucose were measured on about 3000 subsampled individuals, and diabetes mellitus was defined by the WHO criteria-FBG${\geq}120mg/dl\;or\;PP_2{\geq}200mg/dl$ when FBG is below 120mg/dl. The results obtained are as follows : 1. Estimated prevalence(age adjusted) of diabetes mellitus was 4.6% for male and 8.1% for female. The age adjusted mean FBG was $93.9{\pm}26.2mg/dl$ for male and $102.9{\pm}31.5mg/dl$ for female. 2. The prevalence increased as age advanced with peak in $60{\sim}69$ years old age group for both sexes. 3. The mean FBG and estimated prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus varied considerably among the populations of fifteen cities and provinces ; it vaired from $87.0{\pm}17.7\;to\;104.6{\pm}34.5mg/dl$ and 1.2% to 8.9% for males, and from $93.3{\pm}25.3\;to\;116.7{\pm}38.6mg/dl$ and 3.4% to 20.8% for females. 4. The mean FBG and prevalence rates were higher among the rural population than those residing in metropolitan areas. 5. The proportion of the people previously treated among the diabetics was estimated to be a little less than one fifth. 6. Factors strongly associated with FBG were age, sex, family history of D. M., BMI, area and educational level among eleven variables.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.502-511
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors of influenza vaccination in the elderly participating in lifetime transitional health examination. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of data collected from lifetime transitional health examination (for 66-year-old people) conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) from January 1 to December 31, 2008. Questionnaires were received from NHIC to obtain information regarding gender, chronic diseases, health-related behaviors, and ADL. A total of 255,333 participants who responded all the questions in the questionnaire were included in the analysis. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, and multiple logistic regression. Results: The influenza vaccine coverage rate in 66-year-old people was 66.1%. The influenza vaccine coverage rate was higher in female elders and those with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease or past smoking, and lower in those with stroke, current smoking, drinking, no-exercise or ADL-dependency. Conclusion: Strategies for improving the influenza vaccination coverage rate in the elderly are needed. The strategies should give priority to the elderly with current smoking, drinking, and no-exercise, and home visiting programs are needed for the elderly with stroke and ADL-dependency.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.40-43
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• 2015

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), a complex genetic disorder, arises from suppressed expression of paternally inherited imprinted genes on chromosome 15q11-q13. Characteristics include short stature, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, hypogonadism, obesity, and reduced bone and muscle. The life expectancy of persons with PWS has increased in recent years. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, dermatological, and orthopedic problems are common physical complaints in older people with PWS. Behavioral problems are major concerns in adults with PWS into old age. And aging is also associated with significant social and economic changes. Age-related physical morbidity, physical appearance, behavioral and psychiatric problems, functional decline and economic problems can be combined in older PWS. The care for older people with PWS requires a life span approach that recognizes the presence, progression, and consequences of specific morbidity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.261-275
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• 2022

Purpose : According to the Korean Diabetes Association, the number of metabolic disease patients in Korea is approximately 14.97 million as of 2020;, the prevalence of diabetes among adults over 30 years old is 44.3 %, and the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly over 65 years old is 50.4%. These individuals exposed to the risk of complications. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine a distribution method for a customized fusion exercise marine healing program for metabolic disease patients. Methods : We have searched numerous papers concerning artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and marine resources related to marine healing programs that can be introduced in marine healing centers for people with metabolic diseases Results : Through the production of various marine resources and evidence-based exercise programs, the provision of exercise programs using AI, and the development of exercise platforms using AR and VR, we were able to establish guidelines for how to operate marine healing programs at marine healing centers. Conclusion : Korea has much more diverse marine healing resources than other advanced countries in the marine healing industry. However, the development of these resources has only just begun. It is hoped that the studied marine healing program will be of great help to metabolic patients by creating contents that will be implemented in marine healing centers by using the cutting-edge technologies and various marine resources that Korea possesses.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2016

Background: Glycemic control is an effective way to reduce the cardiovascular complications of diabetes, but more than half of the adults with diabetes in Korea are improperly controlling their glycemic levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors associated with poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This study analyzed 1,261 subjects ${\geq}30years$ old diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who participated in the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010-2012). Poor glycemic control rates were defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ${\geq}7%$. To shed light on the causes of poor glycemic control, socio-demographics, diabetes severity, health status, and health behavior factors were adjusted and logistic regression was done. Results: Of the total 1,261 patients, 53.0% of patients with type 2 diabetes had HbA1c ${\geq}7%$. After running a logistic regression model, the odds ratio of poor glycemic control was higher in high school graduates than elementary school graduates; in people living in Chungcheong and Jeolla/Jeju than those living in Seoul; in the group with diabetes for over 5 years had diabetes less than 5 years; in a group with insulin and oral hypoglycemic agent treatment than non-treatment; in a group with hypertriglyceridemia than without hypertriglyceridemia; and in the group with slept less than 6 hours slept 7-8 hours. Conclusion: We need a comprehensive public health policy to reduce the poor glycemic control rates in type 2 diabetes patients. We should recognize the education levels, duration of diabetes, diabetes treatment, hypertriglyceridemia, and sleep duration were associated with poor glycemic control.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.483-494
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify risk factors associated with fasting blood sugar in a rural adult population. We carried out a cross - sectional study on the residents over 30-year old. Among the 1077 eligible subjects, 725 persons responded to the study;the study consisted of interview on family and past history of DM, anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood sugar level in each subjects. Only 707 subjects of 725 participants had fasting blood sugar(FBS) examined and the rest, 18 subjects were had casual blood sugar examined due to failure of fasting over 8 - hour. When subjects had $FBS\geq140mg/dl$, 2 hours postprandial blood sugar level was checked after 75g oral glucose loading. The prevalence of DM was 8.9%, and age standarized prevalence rate adjusted to Korean population of 1995 was 5.8%. Mean and SD of fasting blood sugar in men was $99.8{\pm}22.6$, and in women was $111.5{\pm}29.9$. Mean levels of fasting blood sugar were significantly higher in women than in man and as their ages advanced the prevalences increased in both sexes. PP2 blood sugar levels were significantly higher in elder age and in persons with higher FBS levels than others. The risk factors associated with FBS were past history of diabetes, sex, socioeconomic status and waist - to - hip circumference ratio;the risk of diabetes was increased in female, people with past DM history, central obesity and low socioeconomic state. The low socioeconomic status associated with DM in this study, which is different from other study results, should be pursued in further studies.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-89
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• 2000

Today, elderly population have tendency to increasing much fast in the world. As aging. elderly people have been changing more in physical, psychological, mental and there is spring to more concerns of health management on old period. But particularly sexuality have been little viewed in health management of elderly people. This is considered that there is bring on complex issues of mental-social, social. cultural, psychological, physical situation with negligence of sexuality on elderly-selves. This research was attempted to provide as basic data for east-west nursing intervention of elderly sexuality through literature view about east-west nursing view and management on elderly sexuality that we attend yet. Conclusively, oriental nursing management, for sexual management of elderly people, is ; 1. Decrease coitus times as physical conditions. 2. If sexual need is present, it don't inhibit painfully. 3. Somebody who have hepatitis, diabetes, heart disease, poor constitution avoids coitus. And western nursing management, for sexual management of elderly people, is ; 1. There is approaching with psychological, pharmacological, technical, surgical area in healthy sexual rehabilitation by Smith(1999). 2. Psychological-Social approaching method by Hooyman & Kiyalk(1996) can be provided for elderly sexuality. As this, concrete nursing intervention can be applied and additional counsel is needed with professional medical-nursing team. Through there understand and percept importance and need of elderly sexuality management on results of literature view, as above, concrete east-west nursing intervention of elderly sexuality will be researched. And research which confirm the meaning, How elderly people, themselves have been perceived, will be processed. This will have more contribution on elderly-oriented nursing intervention without false viewing of elderly sexuality.