• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.3278-3288
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• 2011

Bulk freight is transported by a freight car, ship and tank lorry without packaging in a state of particles or powders. In korea, the main bulk freight include oil, grain, coal, cement, iron ore and these are occupied nearly 30% of the volume of gross domestic freight transportation. Therefore it is in important to transport efficient bulk freight transport system for the improvement of national distribution competitive as raw material for industry. Generally environment-friendly transfer modes such as railway and sea transport play an important role in bulk freight transport due to the mass transfer characteristics of bulk freight. This study is carried out for examining the problem of oil, grain, coal, cement, ore transportation through analyzing distribution flow of items and understanding characters of transfer modes.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 부산 북항의 장래 물동량을 시계열 모형을 이용하여 정량적으로 예측하였다. 항만물동량을 화물의 특성에 따라 크게 컨테이너, 유류, 일반화물 3가지로 구분하였다. 북항의 물동량 예측에서는 먼저 기존 물동량의 계절지수를 산정하고, 지수평활모형과 ARIMA모형 중에서 최적모형을 선정하였다. 이를 통해 추정된 각 화물별 해당연도의 물동량에 계절지수를 적용하여 물동량을 월별로 산출하였다. 2011년과 2015년의 컨테이너 예측 물동량은 각각 21,390만톤, 23,144만톤이며, 이는 2007년 대비 2011년과 2015년에 각각 약 7.4%, 16.2%로 증가한 것이다. 유류화물의 물동량은 동일하게 약 705만톤으로 2007년 대비 약 4.7% 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나 2002년의 물동량보다는 낮을 것으로 예측되었다. 그리고 일반화물의 물동량은 약 805만톤으로 2007년 대비 2011년과 2015년에 각각 약 0.74%, 0.75% 감소할 것으로 나타나 2007년과 거의 비슷한 수준을 유지할 것으로 예측되었다. 향후 북항에서 처리될 것으로 예측된 전체 항만물동량은 2011년과 2015년에 각각 22,900만톤과 24,654만톤으로 예상되었다. 이는 2007년 대비 각각 약 7.0%, 15.2% 증가한 물동량이다. 이러한 물동량의 증가는 컨테이너화물의 견인차 역할로 인한 결과로 예측되었다. 또한 북항 전체의 장래 월별 물동량을 보면 4월에 가장 많고, 2월에는 가장 적을 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.985-988
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• 2006

Oil spills cause huge material damage. Oil and oil products spills may occur at any stage of the offshore oil production and transportation cycle. Therefore taking into account the current trends of oil production, the task of creating a system for shelf and tank fleet monitoring becomes very crucial today. This document describes the technology being implemented to improve oil spill monitoring and surveillance, to ensure SAR data fast acquisition and processing and to develop geographic information systems in support of spill response decision making. The results of technology implementation are also presented below.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2019

The effects of the anaesthetic agents, clove oil and mixture of clove oil with lidocaine-HCl were evaluated on river puffer, Takifugu obscurus and tiger puffer, T. rubripes. Anaesthesia times of clove oil were affected by water temperature ($20^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, and $28^{\circ}C$) and salinity (10, 20, and 30 ppt). Anaesthesia times of mixed samples were significantly similar with regard to exposure and recovery times, and all samples satisfied anaesthesia criteria (exposure time within 3 min and recovery time within 5 min) under the various temperatures and salinities, and the lowest to highest concentration of anaesthetics (p<0.05). Both species river puffer and tiger puffer had short exposure time with a high anaesthesia dose, high temperature ($28^{\circ}C$) and intermediate salinity (20 ppt), and were highly affected by temperature and salinity (p<0.05). The mixed anaesthetics had rapid exposure times and long recovery times in contrast to the effects of clove oil. Cortisol concentrations under the conditions of various clove oil dosages, salinity, and temperature for both species increased until 12 hrs after recovery from anaesthesia (p<0.05). After 12 hrs, cortisol concentrations decreased until after 48 hrs (p<0.05). During the simulated transportation of both species, control and sedated clove oil groups (5 ppm) were measured for water parameters, dissolved oxygen (DO), $CO_2$, respiratory frequency, $NH_4{^+}$, and pH for 6 hrs in 1 hr intervals. Water parameters of sedated groups and controls were significantly different after 2 hrs (p<0.05).

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2013

Because increased food delivery service and quick delivery service using motorcycle, registration numbers of motorcycles were sharply increased and it could contribute on worsening air quality. In this study, two models(50cc, 125cc) of motorcycle were tested by using three types of engine oil. Two motorcycles were tested with CVS-40 mode for emission characteristics such as CO, THC, NOx, Elemental Carbon(EC), Organic Carbon(OC), sulfate, soot and SOF(soluble organic fraction). Result of according to three types of lubricants which included phosphorus, sulfate ash impacted to particle matters so "C" lubricants is more higher PM than "A", "B" lubricants in this research.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2017

Optimum concentrations of anesthetic clove oil and anesthetic lidocaine-HCl were determined for a species of adult marine medaka, Oryzias dancena, over a range of salinity conditions, and investigated in a transport simulation experiment by analyzing various water and physiological parameters. Research indicated that the higher the concentration of anesthetic at each salinity, the shorter the anesthesia time at each salinity. At each concentration, fish were anesthetized slower at water salinities over 10 ppt (P<0.05). Anesthesia time at 10 ppt was faster than any other salinity. In 10 ppt salinity, the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations and respiratory frequencies of the clove-oil-administered groups decreased until 48 hours (P<0.05), whereas the $NH_4{^+}$ and $CO_2$ concentrations increased until 48 hours (P<0.05). In same period, the DO, $NH_4{^+}$, and $CO_2$ concentrations and respiratory frequencies all decreased as the clove oil concentration increased (P<0.05). The trends in the DO, $NH_4{^+}$, and $CO_2$ concentrations and respiratory frequencies in the lidocaine-HCl-administered groups were similar to those in the clove-oil-administered groups. In conclusion, clove oil and lidocaine-HCl are effective anesthetics, improving the transportation of the marine medaka. The results from this study will contribute to safe laboratory handling of the marine medaka, which are commonly required by many research studies and experiments.

• 선박안전
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• 통권31호
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• pp.81-96
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• 2011

The transportation of oil has increased due to the growth of marine industries and oil refineries. Oil residues and waste discharged to the ocean has increased due to accidental and/or intentional discharges. The International Marine Organization(IMO) has made compulsory that every oil tanker of 150 gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400 gross tonnages other than tankers and above should be provided with an oil record book. The entries in the oil record book should be made in accordance with the IMO guidelines. Specifically, engine room generated oil residues should be recorded in the oil record book from January 1, 2011. Also, the developed IMO guideline should be added for the prevention of dispute with the Port State Control Officers and(or) Tanker Vetting Inspectors. This oil record book will be in operation and of valued assistance to the marine officers, according to the IMO policy for the prevention of the waste oil and the oil mixtures from the machinery space. For the convenience, added Code & Item No. list, FAQs and reviewed and revised Examples.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1310-1311
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• 2003

Oil Field Geographical Information System (OFGIS) manages multiple spatial data, attribute data, and topographic data, which include almost every kind of ground info rmation and underground information. Subsystems managed by OFGIS include petroleum exploration subsystem (PESS), petroleum development and engineering subsystem (PDESS), petrochemical subsystem (PCSS), petroleum storage and transportation subsystem (PSTSS), petroleum sale subsystem (PSSS), etc. A basic OFGIS framework consists of oil field infrastructure coverage (OFIC), oil field specialized information coverage (OFSIC) and oil field synthesis and decision service coverage (OFSDSC). Basic function of OFGIS includes database management, geographic information management, spatial information processing and application.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

There are three basic modes of operation of ships: liner, tramp and industrial operations. Industrial operations, where the owner of the cargo, i.e. the industrial carrier controls the ships, abound in the shipment of bulk commodities, such as oil, chemicals and ores. Industrial carriers strive to minimize the shipping cost of their cargoes. This paper is concerned with the operational optimization problem of a fleet owned by major international oil company. The major oil company is a holding corporation for a group of oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing companies located in various countries throughout the world. The operational optimization problem of the fleet is divided into two-phases. The front end corresponds to the optimization of transporting crude oil, product mix, and the distribution of product oil to meet market demand. The back end tackles the operational optimization problem of the fleet to meet the transportation demand derived from the front end. A case study is carried out with the H major oil company problem composed by reflecting the practices of an international major oil company. The results are summarized and examined in the point of optimization for the total operation of the H major oil company and the operational optimization problem of the fleet. The paper concludes with the remark that the results of the study might be useful and applicable in practices of these related decision problems.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.25.1-25.6
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• 2018

The main objective of this study was to provide anesthetic criteria of clove oil for an effective manipulation and transportation of red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. When anesthesia temperature (20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$) and concentration of clove oil (25, 50, and 75 ppm) were increased, the anesthesia and recovery time decreased and tended to be similar to each other between juvenile and adult. Also, as the temperature and concentration increased, the ratio of exposure time and recovery time between juvenile and adult were decreased. When plasma cortisol concentrations were compared for 48 h after anesthesia with 50 ppm of clove oil, both the juvenile and adult fish grew up to 12 h; however, thereafter decreased and there was no significant difference from control at 48 h.