• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.439-450
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• 2023

The Yeongsan River, a major water resource for Jeollanam-do, that is adjacent to industrial complexes and agricultural areas, is exposed to water pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the impact of water pollution incidences and prepare response systems for river environment safety for other water resources in the future. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) was applied to the mainstream of the Yeongsan River where residential, commercial, and agricultural areas are located to analyze the behavior of pollutants conducting the scenario analysis. Considering the pollutants that affected the study area, two pollutants, oil and benzene, with different physical and chemical characteristics were selected for the analysis. As a result of comparing the actual and simulated values of the water elevation, temperature, and flow rate, it was confirmed that the model adequately reproduced the hydraulic characteristics of the Yeongsan River. The oil flow dynamics showed that an increase in flow rate led to reduction in the maximum height of the slick. Notably, the behavior of the oil was predominantly influenced by the wind conditions. In the case of benzene, lower flow scenarios exhibited decreased arrival times and residence times accompanied by an elevation in the maximum concentration levels. From the results of pollutant behavior in the study area, it is feasible to utilize the section of tributary confluence for collection and the weir area for dilution. This study enhances the understanding of the pollutant's behavior with different characteristics and develops effective control systems tailored to the physicochemical attributes of pollutants.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.3-18
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• 2002

The present study was carried out to discuss the suitability of the criterion for the determination of the on-water oil removal resource requirement in Korea by comparison with the US criterion. According to the present criterion in Korea, the on-water response operation against the worst case discharge assuming the oil spillage of 60,000 ton from the accident of DWT 300,000 tanker requires the oil recovery capacity of 19,425 kl/hr (on-water recovery volume 20,000 ton). Under the US criterion, the recovery capacity of 16,667 kl/hr is required to respond to oil spill accident of the worst case discharge from the DWT 300,000 tanker. The result shows that resource requirement from the Korean criterion is 16% higher than US criterion, indicating that thc Korean criterion is reasonable.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.3-15
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• 2003

Recently more than 450 incidents of oil spill a year have occurred in nearshore of Korea, which caused unmeasurelable losses in fisheries and severe damage in marine ecosystem. Two approaches remain paramount in any response to marine oil spill : the enhancement of natural dispersion of the oil by using dispersants, and mechanical recovery using booms and skimmers. A technique currently receiving fresh attention is the enhancement of the natural bioremediation of oil through the application of micro-organisms and/or nutrient. Oil, like many natural substances, will biodegrade over a period of time into simple compounds such as carbon dioxide, water and biomass. Bioremediation is the term used to describe a range of processes which can be used to accelerate natural biodegradation. More specifically biostimulation is the application of nutrients, and bioaugremetation or seeding is the addition of microbes specially selected to degrade oil. Bioremediation is an economically attractive method for the clean-up of oil-contaminated area. Bioremediation has been demonstrated to be an effective oil spill countermeasure for use in cobble, sand beach, salt marsh, and mud flat environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.279-283
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• 2009

Approximately 12,547 kL of oil from the tanker 'Hebei Spirit' released into the western sea of Korea, which subsequently reached and covered extensive areas of the western coastlines of Korea. In the following days great numbers of tar balls hit the southwestern coast. Three different cleanup methods were used to mediate the southwestern coastline tar ball pollution by Korea Coast Guard (KCG) net setting, manual pick up, and sweeping them up. Net setting was useful in protecting coastlines from being hit by tar balls. The cold weather in winter conditions helped the tar ball response efforts because it caused them to harden, allowing them to be swept up from beaches and to be gathered up by hand.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.864-872
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• 2020

In accordance with the sulfur regulations of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), very low sulfur fuel oil (VLSFO) shows various production-dependent physico-chemical properties. This study aims to use as basic data for oil spill response according to study of physico-chemical characteristics of VLSFO and mixed fuel oil of VLSFO-HSFO. The mixed fuel oil was prepared by mixing 25, 50, 75 mass% of HSFO with VLSFO containing 0.46 and 0.36 mass% of sulfur. The physico-chemical properties such as the kinematic viscosity, pour point and distribution of Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes (SARA) were studied in the laboratory. As mixed of 75 mass% of HSFO with high the kinematic viscosity and low pour point in VLSFO, the kinematic viscosity of the mixed fuel oil increased to 350.2 %, and VLSFO with pour point of 23℃ and -11℃ lowered or raised to -3℃ and -6℃ respectively. As HSFO was mixed in VLSFO with a small Asphaltenes distribution, the Saturates distribution decreased to 68.8% and Asphaltenes distribution increased to 1,417 % dramatically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2013

In order to obtain quantitative basic data for marine oil pollution prevention, the statistics of oil spill incidents in Korea and in the world for 20 years from 1993 to 2012 were collected and analyzed with relation to the number of oil spills and the amount of oil spilt. In Korea for 20 years, total number and average annual number of oil spills were 6,608 cases and nearly 330 cases/year, respectively, and total volume and average annual volume of oils spilt were 57,328 kL and nearly 2,866 kL/year, respectively. Due to major oil spills from oil tankers, annual volumes of oils spilt in Korea were sharply increased to 15,388 kL in 1993, 15,773 kL in 1995, 3,428 kL in 1997 and 13,008 kL in 2007. In case of worldwide oil spills for 20 years, total number and average annual number of oil spills of 8 kL (or 7 tonnes) and above were 420 cases and 21 cases/year, respectively, and total amount and average annual amount of oils spilt 8 kL (or 7 tonnes) and above were about 800,000 kL (or 704,000 tonnes) and about 40,000 kL/year (or 35,200 tonnes/year), respectively. Major oil spills from oil tankers increased massively annual amounts of oils spilt worldwide to about 159,000 kL (or 140,000 tonnes) in 1993, about 147,600 kL (or 130,000 tonnes) in 1994, about 90,900 kL (80,000 tonnes) in 1996, about 81,800 kL (72,000 tonnes) in 1997 and about 76,100 kL (or 67,000 tonnes) in 2002. Obvious correlation between annual number of oil spills and annual amount of oil spilt was not found in both Korea and the world, while both annual number and annual volume tended to decrease with the lapse of year in both Korea and the world, though there were wide fluctuations from year to year in both annual number of oil spills and annual amount of oils spilt worldwide and in Korea for 20 years. From 2008 to 2012 worldwide, there were sharp decreases in both annual number and annual amount of oil spills. In particular, no oil spill of 800 kL (or 700 tonnes) and above occurred in the year of 2012.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

This paper is to identify the dynamic phenomenon of the marine pollution management that is connected directly or indirectly by using system dynamics analysis. The method used herein is based on system dynamics analysis that analyzed the sub-systems for marine pollution management. Furthermore designed feedback loop between system elements. And made total casual map of marine pollution management. The main results of the paper are the following : 1. It's necessary to equipments and technology development and law revision for feedback loop slump of initial measures delay in oil spill. 2. It should be come up with partnerships and new business for community corrosion non-proliferation caused by social conflicts. 3. Marine pollution management should be an obligation that must be minimized to include social conflicts in the community and national levels besides oil spill response on-site. This model confirmed the hidden cause of delay by existing response plans, manuals and programs. And oil spill response in broader sense is more important from now on. The result can be useful in the guidance of marine pollution and management.

• Ocean policy research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.83-119
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• 2018

Under the Korean Marine Environment Management Act (hereunder, the KMEMA), the duty to arrange spill clean-up equipments, including spill clean-up vessels, required by the article 67 of the KMEMA is in essence the provision of public goods since it is a precautionary or preventive measure for the efficient performance of oil spill cleaning up. Also the obligation to control marine pollution and the duty to arrange of anti-pollution measures imposed on polluters is the obligation imposed by the public law in accordance with "the Polluter-Pays Principle". Therefore, the execution of such obligations shall be accompanied by the minimum legal and institutional arrangements. On the other hand, judging whether to form the roles of the public and private sectors in providing public goods is basically a matter of policy decision. However, even if the private sector is allowed to participate in the provision of public goods, it is imperative that a minimum requirement be provided to secure the public interest. Although major countries allows polluters to conclude a preliminary contract with a civil anti-pollution management company, these civilian institutions are in principle constituted by the owners of oil storage facilities. Additionally it is worth noting that it operates as a non-profit organization. In particular, if the practitioner performs pollution control for commercial purposes, their profitability may depend on the size of the pollution, the period spent on pollution control, the size of the equipment and manpower mobilized in the pollution control, and so on. Considering the above problems, caution should be taken to allow marine environmental management companies to be un-limitedly entrusted with the responsibility of arranging measures such as pollution control. In order to allow the marine environmental management contractor to be entrusted for the assignment of duty to protect the marine environment, the marine environment management business should be expanded so that the marine pollutant management capacity satisfies the statutory control capacity. For this purpose, it is necessary to manage and supervise the maintenance and improvement of the control capability of the marine environment management business. It is also necessary to discuss the introduction of the grading system for the control ability of the civil control companies alike in major countries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.467-475
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• 2013

In order to seize quantitative materials as part of studies on measures for oil pollution prevention and control, the statistics of oil pollution incidents in Korean coastal waters for 10 years from 2003 to 2012 were analyzed with relation to the number of oil spills and the volume of oil spilt according to causes, sources and sea areas of spills. Total number and total volume of oil spills for 10 years were found to be 2,833 cases and 17,877 kL, respectively. 50.4 %(1,429 cases) of total number of oil spills were caused by negligence, although oil spillage due to negligence was 294 kL(1.7 %). While oil spillage caused by marine accidents was 17,400 kL(97.3 %), marine accidents accounted for 27.9 %(790 cases) of total number of oil spills. While negligence had a great influence on the number of oil spills, marine accidents had a huge impact on the amount of oil spilt. Fishing boats accounted for 42.7 %(1,210 cases) of the number of oil spills, and although oil tankers accounted for 9.2 %(261 cases) of the number of oil spills, oil spillage from oil tankers was 15,488kL(86.7 %). It means that oil tankers such as VLCC or ULCC may be the main sources of major oil spills and a few very large spills are responsible for a high percentage of the amount of oil spilt. While the number of oil spill incidents was closely related to the accidents of fishing boats, the volume of oil spilt was greatly affected by the major oil spill incidents of oil tankers such as M/T Hebei Spirit. The number and volume of oil spills were shown to be 1,613 cases(56.9 %) and 3,804 kL(21.3 %) in South Sea, 700 cases(24.7 %) and 13,501 kL(75.5 %) in West Sea, and 520 cases(18.2 %) and 572 kL(3.2 %) in East Sea of Korea, respectively. The highest number of oil spills was found in South Sea and the most volume of oil spilt was shown in West Sea of Korea for 10 years.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.175-179
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• 2006

With the rapid development of oil and chemical industry in the late 20C, massive transportation of oil by oil tanker vessel has grown and it caused the big oil pollution accidents. When oil spill from the oil tanker, damages reach into the astronomical figures in economically and damages affect wide area and many people with break the balance of ecosystem. Recently in Korea, the oil pollution accidents has occurred frequently as growing of oil consumption and it caused large-scale damages to the victim. Oil pollution in Korean offshore takes not only korean fishermen from their life ground and break the ecosystem but it takes too much time and money to recover. To minimize oil pollution damages, it is necessary to make pre-caution effort as a ship owner and relevant government bodies should endeavor to prevent from more damages. But once oil pollution accidents occurs in territorial sea, compensation for victim fishermen is very important. But it is true that compensation is not paid to victim smoothly. So this study aims at the problems of oil pollution compensation to the Korean victim and find the best way to get reasonable compensation.