• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.49-68
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• 2012

In this paper, an offshore process front end engineering design (FEED) method is systematically introduced and reviewed to enable efficient offshore oil and gas production plant engineering. An integrated process engineering environment is also presented for the topside systems of a liquefied natural gas floating production, storage, and offloading (LNG FPSO) unit, based on the concepts and procedures for the process FEED of general offshore production plants. Various activities of the general process FEED scheme are first summarized, and then the offshore process FEED method, which is applicable to all types of offshore oil and gas production plants, is presented. The integrated process engineering environment is presented according to the aforementioned FEED method. Finally, the offshore process FEED method is applied to the topside systems of an LNG FPSO in order to verify the validity and applicability of the FEED method.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

가스리프트(gas lift) 설계 영향인자인 오일 조성과 주입가스 조성에 따라 해저 오일 저류층(offshore oil reservoir) 내 가스리프트 최적 설계를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 오일의 API 비중에 따라 구축된 저류층 모델을 이용하여 생산 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 저류층의 지속적인 생산성 감소 시, 가스리프트 적용에 의한 오일 생산증진효과가 크게 나타남을 확인하였다. 생산정 모델을 이용하여 가스리프트 반응곡선을 분석한 결과, 오일의 API 비중이 감소하고 주입가스의 비중이 증가할수록 생산량 증진에 필요한 주입 가스량이 높게 산출되었다. 다중밸브를 이용하여 가스리프트 최적 설계를 수행하였으며, 단일밸브 설계와 비교했을 때 가스 주입심도 감소로 인해 상대적으로 낮은 주입압력으로도 가스리프트 공법 운영이 가능하였다. 저류층 모델과 생산정 모델을 연계하여 가스리프트 적용에 따른 오일 생산증진을 분석한 결과, API 비중이 낮은 중질유 저류층에 천연가스를 주입했을 때 가스리프트에 의한 생산효율이 극대화될 수 있다.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.119-123
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• 2002

Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) continues to attract modern gas industries as well as domestic markets as their main energy source in the recent years. This is mainly because LNG is inherently cleaner and more energy efficiency than other fuels. Offshore LNG production plant is of interest to many oil producing companies all over the world. This article discuss about the production process encountered while developing such a production facility. Typical offshore oil and gas processing required for oil stabilization and other optional units that can be added to the facilities. The production process can broadly be divided into five major units namely, (i) Oil Stabilization unit, (ii) Gas Treatment unit, (iii) Methane Recovery unit, (iv) Distillation unit and (v) LNG Liquefaction unit. The process simulation was carried out for each unit with a given wellhead composition. The topside facilities of offshore LNG production plant will be very similar to the process adopted in offshore processing platform along with the typical onshore LNG production plant. However, the process design problems associated with FPSO motion to be taken care of while developing floating LNG production plant.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

DME(Dimethyl Ether) was directly produced from the synthesis gas using the slurry phase reactor. The catalyst for DME production prepared two types (A type; Cu:Zn:Al=57:33:10, B type; Cu:Zn:Al=40:45:15, molar ratio). It was evaluated for the effect of the reaction medium oil using the small size slurry phase reactor. DME production yield and the methanol selectivity decreased in the order: n-hexadecane oil> mineral oil> therminol oil. The long-term test of DME production was carried out using A and B type catalyst, and n-hexadecane oil and mineral oil, respectively. It was confirmed that the use of A type for the catalyst and n-hexadecane for the reaction medium oil was very useful for the viewpoint of the DME production form the synthesis gas.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.303-318
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• 2014

The rising global demand for energy resources may lead to greater interest in the Arctic region. Since it has various resources, such as oil and gas, and large potential as a strategic location in exploration and production (E&P), there is likely to occur island sovereignty issues between the five arctic costal states and other countries. While global warming has led to the opening of the Northeast Passage and the Northwest Passage, several obstacles may impede the development of this area such as the low temperature environment, infrastructure problems in a limited area, flow assurance, environmental regulations, etc. To overcome these problems, various techniques have been applied in the exploration, development, production, transportation, and environment fields and it seems to be made technical development in extreme environment. In this study, the E&P status of representative states and development technologies in the Arctic region have been summarized with regard to carrying out E&P related to drilling, development, production, and operation in oil and gas fields. Furthermore, environmental factors have been taken into account to enhance progress with regard to E&P and ensure sustainable development in the Arctic. On that basis, it will be possible to secure oil and gas field development, production technology and R&D infrastructure in the Arctic.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2009년도 특별논문집
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• pp.24-34
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• 2009

The latest trend of development for submarine oil field is caused by the drained oil and gas for ground field, and FPSO is a keyword as the development for submarine oil field. FPSO (Floating Production Storage Offloading) is a kind of vessel type have a topside system for production of oil and gas and store them until the oil or gas can be offloaded onto a tanker or transported through a pipeline. Prior to the introduction of reinforcement under the pull-in winch on the STP extended top as the object of this paper, the technical background shall be introduced such as FPSO and the system and main equipments for STP as follows. The original structural concept for reinforcement of pull-in winch on the STP top and extended structure on moonpool was proposed by buyer's engineering team but it was much modified and improved in accordance with builder's fabrication and construction method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1721-1725
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effects of coconut materials on ruminal methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics, in particular their effectiveness for mitigating ruminal methanogenesis. Fistulated Holstein cows were used as the donor of rumen fluid. Coconut materials were added to an in vitro fermentation incubated with rumen fluid-buffer mixture and timothy substrate for 24 h incubation. Total gas production, gas profiles, total volatile fatty acids (tVFAs) and the ruminal methanogens diversity were measured. Although gas profiles in added coconut oil and coconut powder were not significantly different, in vitro ruminal methane production was decreased with the level of reduction between 15% and 19% as compared to control, respectively. Coconut oil and coconut powder also inhibited gas production. The tVFAs concentration was increased by coconut materials, but was not affected significantly as compared to control. Acetate concentration was significantly lower (p<0.05), while propionate was significantly higher (p<0.05) by addition of the coconut materials than that of the control. The acetate:propionate ratio was significantly lowered with addition of coconut oil and coconut powder (p<0.05). The methanogens and ciliate-associated methanogens in all added coconut materials were shown to decrease as compared with control. This study showed that ciliate-associated methanogens diversity was reduced by more than 50% in both coconut oil and coconut powder treatments. In conclusion, these results indicate that coconut powder is a potential agent for decreasing in vitro ruminal methane production and as effective as coconut oil.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.538-546
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• 2013

본 보고에서는 석유산업에서 석유 및 가스의 생산성과 회수율을 극대화시키기 위한 방안의 하나인 수압파쇄기술에 대하여 다루고 있다. 수압파쇄기술은 인위적으로 저류층에 균열을 발생시켜 발생된 균열을 통해 저류층 유체의 유정 내 유입을 용이하게 하는 방법으로, 최근 셰일가스나 오일셰일과 같은 비전통석유가스 개발에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 수압파쇄는 크게 세 가지 단계의 과정을 통해 이루어지며, 효율적인 수압파쇄 설계를 위해 제안된 모델과 수압파쇄 후 결과를 분석, 평가하는 방법에 대해 소개하고 있다. 또한 수압파쇄과정에서 발생하는 다양한 문제점과 이를 해결하는 데 필요한 저류층 암반역학에 대해서도 간략하게 다루고 있다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2008

카스피해에 인접한 아제르바이잔은 200여 년 전부터 석유개발을 시작하여 20세기 초에는 세계 석유의 50%를 생산하는 석유자원의 부국이 되었으며 소련 연방에서 분리 독립한 1991년 이후 카스피해 해상광구에 대하여 우리나라를 포함한 외국기업투자가 많이 이루어지고 있는 나라이다. 아제르바이잔 하류부문 석유산업은 상류부문에 비하여 낙후되어 있으나, 아제르바이잔에서 시작되는 BTC, SCP, NERP 및 WREP와 같은 파이프라인은 카스피해 석유 및 가스를 서방세계에 전달하는 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 아제르바이잔 육상광구는 생산활동이 상당부문 이루어진 성숙유전들이다. 최근 유가의 급등으로 인하여 경제성이 높아진 해상 심해 광구는 탐사의 성공 잠재성은 있으나 위험부담율이 커서 신중한 투자가 필요하다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.90-103
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 초크크기와 가스주입량을 조절함으로써 일반 유정이나 가스리프트가 적용된 유정에서 최적생산량을 산출할 수 있는 두 가지 인공신경망 모델을 개발하였다. 개발된 모델들의 입력자료는 용해가스-오일비, 물 생산 비율, 저류층압력, 초크크기 또는 가스주입량이고 출력자료는 정두압력과 오일 생산량으로 구성하였다. 먼저 육상 유정 시스템에 대하여 입력자료의 민감도 분석을 통해 각 변수의 범위를 결정하였고, 노달분석을 수행하여 초크크기 선정 모델에 1,715개, 가스주입량 선정 모델에 1,225개의 훈련자료를 각각 생성하였다. 동일한 저류층 자료에 대해 노달분석과 인공신경망 모델 결과를 비교해보면 두 모델 모두 결정계수 값이 0.99 이상으로 상관관계가 매우 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 초크크기 선정 모델의 정두압력과 오일 생산량의 평균절대백분율오차는 각각 0.55%, 1.05%이고, 가스주입량 선정 모델의 정두압력과 오일 생산량의 평균절대백분율오차는 각각 1.23%, 2.67%로 개발된 모델의 정확도가 높은 것으로 확인되었다.