• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 2005

In autumn, to determine the optimal planting date and plant density of rapeseed in southern areas of Korea, Yudal variety for autumn sowing, the highest yielding variety was grown under three different planting dates and five different plant densities. Yield components such as plant height, ear length, number of seedling stand per $m^2$, number of branches and pod length were highest at the plots with Sep. 30 of planting date and 30/20 cm drilling of plant density. Yield of seed, oil and 1,000 grains weight were highest at the Sep.30 of planting date and 30/20 cm drilling of plant density. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum planting date and plant density of rapeseed seemed to be Sep.30 of planting date and 30/20cm plant density in autumn sowing.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2014

Uncertainty associated with a sampling method is very high in evaluating the degree of site contamination; therefore, such uncertainty affects the reliability of precise investigation and remediation verification. In particular, in evaluating a site for a small-sized filling station, underground utilities, such as connection pipes and oil storage tanks, make grid-unit sampling impossible and the resulting increase in uncertainty is inevitable. Accordingly, this study quantified the uncertainty related to the evaluation of the degree of contamination by total petroleum hydrocarbon and by benzene, toluene, ethylene, and xylene. When planning a grid aimed at detecting a hot spot, major factors that influence the increase in uncertainty include grid interval and the size and shape of the hot spot. The current guideline for soil sampling prescribes that the grid interval increase in proportion to the area of the evaluated site, but this heightens the possibility that a hot spot will not be detected. In evaluating a site, therefore, it is crucial to estimate the size and shape of the hot spot in advance and to establish a sampling plan considering a diversity of scenarios.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2012

We have conducted 4 experiments to develop the most environmental and effective use of the two-fluid fog system to prevent and exterminate whiteflies in tomato cultivation. In particular, these experiments used Vitamini tomatoes grown in stand-alone greenhouses at Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station as subjects. Each experiment utilized the fog system in a different way. The first experiment provided the control group, which was subject to the two-fluid fog system without additional humidity control. In the second experiment, the two-fluid fog system controlled the humidity level to be above 70%. The third and the fourth experiment utilized natural substances, which were 1.5 mg/L of Neem Oil and 2 mg/L of Oleic acid respectively, without additional humidity control. From the first experiment, we could observe that a simple use of the two-fluid fog system decreased the density of whiteflies in the greenhouses. This impact of the fog system on whiteflies was greater in the second experiment. By comparing the first and the second experiment, we concluded that whiteflies are more effectively prevented by maintaining a higher humidity level via the fog system's smaller water droplets that float in the air for longer time than the standard fog system in rather dry condition. In the third and the fourth experiments, the extermination level was 78% and 76.4% respectively, comparing only 53% in the first experiment without the humidity control. Therefore, using the natural substances in addition to the humidity control increases the extermination effectiveness. Considering the similar results from the 3rd and the 4th experiments, Oleic acid has a greater appeal for its lower price. Using the two-fluid fog system to both control the humidity on a daily basis and spray the substances for occasional extermination would reduce labor cost and increase production in an environmental way.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2016

In the midst of continuing international recession, the rate of maritime traffic and marine leisure markets are consistently growing. The Republic of Korea controls the marine traffic volume through vessel traffic centers and various other management facilities. Nevertheless, the continuous growth and complexity of marine traffic is resulting in repeated occurrences of marine accidents. Recovery is very difficult in cases of human injuries or deaths caused by marine accidents due to its nature, and the scale of marine accidents is also becoming greater with advanced ship building technologies. Passenger ships, oil tankers, and other such vessels used for specific purposes requires a more detailed navigational status surveillance and analysis, and numerous research has been conducted with an objective for monitoring such special purpose vessels. However, the data elements transmitted from the ocean to the shore station are limited to AIS and ARPA. We are implementing IoT ship sensor collection and a syncing system capable of transmitting various ship sensing data to the shore station, and also proposing a Safe Navigation Status Analysis System utilizing the collected data.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.424-439
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• 1990

The protein content of seed meal were examined to evaluate genotypes of higher protein content from 164 peanut germplasms. The variations in amino acids content were investigated from nine Korean leading varieties grown at five locations. Amino acids contents of protein fractions were also ana lysed in the present study, too. The results of the study were summarized as fallows. The seed protein of 164 peanut varieties averaged 24.5% ranging from 19.5% to 28.7%, showed 9.2% varietal variation in proteins. Differences were not observed in protein content between plant types, however, protein contents were higher in small-seeded than large seeded varieties. The differences were more greater particulaly in Spanish type varieties. The varieties introduced from Taiwan and Philippine showed higher protein contents, and the cultivars or lines bred in Korea and introduced from Japan were lower in protein contents. protein contents showed non-significantly negative correlations with 100-kernel weight and pod weight per plant, but positive correlations were observed between oil and protein content in all types of peanuts. Significant differences among the varieties and locations were observed for total, essential and non-essential amino acids contents, and aspartic acid. Locational differences for arginine, lysine, methionine, threonine, glutamic acid, glycine and tyrosine, and varietal difference for phenylalanene were revealed as significant. The limiting amino acids from the leading varieties were isoleucine, methionine, threonine, alanine and tyrosine, comparing with FAO recommanding levels of amino acids. Among the protein fractions prolamins was the highest in total amino acids, but essential amino acids was the highest in globulins

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.319-325
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• 2009

Woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, overwintered as adult or nymph stage on rootstocks, and crown- and root sucker in the soil. In an un sprayed apple orchard, the number of E. lanigerum colony started to increase from mid-April, showed the 1st peak between late June and early July, thereafter decreased followed by the 2nd peak in late July, and then again peaked in late September as the size in the 1st peak. In this orchard, the number of E. lanigerum colonies per tree did not exceed 3.5 colonies during the peak occurrence period, and was maintained around 2 colonies throughout seasons. In all seasons, parasitism of Aphelinus mali on E. lanigerum was much lower on root colonies than on aerial colonies that located on shoots and tree trunks above the ground. The parasitism of E. lanigerum was high in most orchards examined, showing parasitism of > 70% in maximum in most cases. In the laboratory bioassay for the mortality effects of several insecticides on E. lanigerum, fenitrothion, dichlorphos, machine oil, methidathion, thiacloprid, and imidacloprid showed 97.8, 96.8, 95.4, 91.5, 26.7, and 7.8% morality, respectively. Also, the adult emergence rates from A. mali mummies were 51.2, 72.6, 14.2, 3.5, 72.2, and 85.4% in the treatment of the above insecticides, respectively. Insecticides belong to neonicotinoid, which are newly developed to control aphids, showed low mortality against E. lanigerum. Fenitrothion and dichlorphos were effective on E. lanigerum control and had a low toxic to A. mali. Consequently, the insecticides should be useful in integrated pest management system for E. lanigerum in apple orchards.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.152-159
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• 2006

These studies were conducted to clarify the effects of sowing date on seed quality characters in soybean-sprouts. Six sprout-soybean cultivars were planted on three sowing dates in 2000 and 2001. Percentages of purple spot seed stain, seed coat-cracking and immatured seeds were higher in the May 25 sowing than later sewings. Pungsannamulkong showed the lowest percentages of seed coat-cracking and immatured seeds, while Hannamkong showed the highest percentages. The protein contents decreased as the sowing dates were delayed. Tawonkong and Pungsannamulkong showed the highest protein content on May 21 and June 15 sewings, and on July 5 sowing, respectively. The oil contents was not affected by the sowing dates, however, Somyeongkong and Tawonkong showed the highest and the lowest oil contents, respectively. The aglycone contents of isoflavone were the highest in the lune 15 sowing followed by July S sowing and May 25 sowing in that order. Somyeongkong showed the highest contents of isoflavone and aglycone, while Tawonkong showed the lowest contents.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

In order to find out the optimum compost powder, fertilizer level and planting method of high yielding F1 variety, Cheongpungyuchae, this experiment was conducted with 2 compositions of compost powder level and 3 different planting method at the experiment paddy field of Mokpo Experiment Station, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. Cheongpungyuchae, rapeseed variety was grown under different compost powder level and planting method with the highest yielding variety. Yield components such as ear length, total branch, number of pods per ear and oil content were highest at the plots with compost powder 1,500 kg/10a at level and planting method, Oct.30, transplanting with 50 ${\times}$ 30 cm. Judging from the results reported above, at optimum compost powder level and planting method of rapeseed seemed to be 1,500 kg/10a compost powder and transplanting method with 50 cm row spacing and 30 cm planting space.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.445-451
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• 2012

The thinning effects of lime sulfur either alone or combined with fish oil on two apple cultivars 'Fuji'/M.9 and 'Hongro'/M.9 were investigated during two consecutive seasons. Either 1% or 2% lime sulfur at full bloom decreased the amounts of both terminal and axillary fruits compared with unsprayed 'Fuji' control trees in the first year. However, 1% or 2% lime sulfur did not decrease terminal fruit set in the second year. Only, triple applications of 1% lime sulfur significantly reduced the number of terminal and axillary fruits in both years. Multiple application of 1% lime sulfur was the most effective in thinning of 'Hongro'. In the first year, double or triple applications of 1% lime sulfur was effective in thinning terminal or axillary fruit, but one time applications of 1% or 2% lime sulfur was not reduced axillary fruit in 'Hongro' apple trees. In the second season, all treatments reduced terminal or axillary fruit in 'Hongro' clusters, except single application of 1% lime sulfur. Fish oil did not always improve the thinning effects of lime sulfur in 'Fuji' or 'Hongro' apple trees. None of treatments caused significant russeting in the harvested fruits. Most of thinning treatments had little effect on 'Fuji' or 'Hongro' fruit quality in terms of fruit weight, firmness, soluble solids concentration or titratable acidity.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.1892-1903
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• 2022

Objective: A series of experiment were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing a part of soybean meal (SBM) at 6% of broiler diets with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) obtained by single or two-stage fermentation by measuring growth performance, antioxidant activity in the jejunum and distal intestinal microflora. Methods: Soybean meal samples were prepared by single-stage fermentation using Bacillus velezensis (Bv) (FSBM_B), or Lactobacillus spp. (as commercial control) (FSBM_L). Additional SBM sample was prepared by two-stage fermentation using Bv and subsequently using Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 (Lb) (FSBM_B+L). Enzyme activity, chemical composition, trichloroethanoic acid-nitrogen solubility index (TCA-NSI) and antioxidant activity were measured. Then, in an in vivo study, 320 Ross308 broilers were divided into four groups with ad libitum supply of feed and water. Four groups were fed either a corn-soybean meal diet (SBM), or one of fermented SBM diets (FSBM_B+L, FSBM_B, and FSBM_L). Growth, serum characteristics, microflora, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured. Results: Compared to SBM, FSBM_B+L contained lower galacto-oligosaccharide, allergic protein, and trypsin inhibitor, and higher TCA-NSI by about three times (p<0.05). Reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging ability correlated positively with the TCA-NSI content in FSBM. Growth performances were not significantly different among four groups. In jejunum of 35-day-old broilers, partial replacement of SBM by FSBM_B+L increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT), and the FSBM_B group had the highest catalase activity (p<0.05). Partial replacement of SBM by FSBM increased relative mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) (p<0.05); however, FSBM_B+L increased CAT mRNA level to 5 times of the control (p<0.05). Conclusion: Using Bv- and Lb-processed SBM through two-stage fermentation to partially replace 6% of diets will improve the gut's antioxidant activity under commercial breeding in broilers.