• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2014

Oil retention experiments were conducted and the performance was characterized for electrochemically etched stainless steels. The 304 stainless steels were electrochemically etched in dilute Aqua Regia to form porous structures. The structures were also hierarchical, which provides very large area for oils to adhere. Also the structures had deep valleys, which act as reservoir and are able to resist against oil-detaching forces. Several commercial oils were dispensed to characterize oil retention properties via rotating disk experiment method. The results showed that the etched surfaces have superior oil retention performance in every conditions. Also the retention enhancement ratio went particularly higher as the environments became more severe. This surface modification technique could be applied to other steel products for pretreatments of various kinds of coatings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.1288-1293
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• 2002

Four adult rams ($22.25{\pm}0.90kg$) were used in a $4{\times}4$ latin square design to evaluate the rations without ($T_1$) or with supplementation of sunflower acid oil at 5 ($T_2$), 10 ($T_3$) or calcium soap at 10% of dietary DM ($T_4$) on nutrient digestibility and balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus. The basal ration contained 60 parts Brazilian napier grass hay and 40 parts concentrate mixture. The DM, CF, NDF and ADF digestibilities and nitrogen retention (g/d) decreased (p<0.01) by inclusion of sunflower acid oil at 5% of dietary DM. In addition, depression (p<0.01) in digestibilities of CP, nitrogen free extract (NFE), cellulose, hemicellulose, retention of calcium and phosphorus (g/d) were also observed with increasing the level of sunflower acid oil to 10% of dietary DM. The EE digestibility, total digestible nutrients (TDN) content and calcium retention (g/d) were significantly higher (p<0.01) for ration supplemented with calcium soap. It is concluded that sunflower acid oil supplementation in free form as low as 5% of dietary DM is deleterious to fibre digestion in sheep while as calcium soap, it can be fed up to 10% of dietary DM as an energy source without any adverse effect.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2016

Ethyl acrylate(EA) 혹은 lauryl acrylate(LA)와 hydroxy ethyl acrylate(HEA)를 용액중합법에 의해 공중합하여 2종의 친유성 아크릴 전구중합체를 얻은 다음, 여기에 가교제로서 hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI)를 첨가 배합하여, 폴리프로필렌 velvet 편직물에 통상의 pad-dry-cure방법으로 수지가공을 실시하여 유흡착재를 제조하였다. 가교 아크릴 수지(EA-HEA-HDI)의 겔화도는 전체 acrylate에 대한 HEA의 사용량과 가교제인 HDI의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 얻어진 유흡착재의 수지 부착율에 따른 흡유능과 유보유율은 시험유로서 n-decane, toluene, 대두유, 윤활유, 벙커C유를 사용하여 평가 하였고 대두유를 제외하고 사용된 모든 오일에 걸쳐 흡유능에 미치는 최적의 부착율은 약 6%로 나타났다. 한편 유보유율은 부착율의 증가에 따라 증가하였고 더욱이 고비중, 고점도 오일의 경우에서 전반적으로 보다 증가된 값을 나타내었다. 또한 흡유능은 LA-HEA-HDI로 처리된 유흡착재가 EA-HEA-HDI의 그것에 비하여 높았으며, 아크릴 수지의 측쇄 알킬기의 길이가 증가할수록 보다 높은 흡유능을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.59-67
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• 1994

The essential oils of leaves and resins from P. densiflora and P. koraiensis were analyzed to identify their components. After each retention times of 45 known terpenoids were dertermined with a fixed analytical condition by GC the essential oil compounds of leaves and resins were identified by comparing their retention times with the retention times of known standards. To confirm these results the essential oil components of leaves from P. koraiensis were analized by 2 different GC/MS. According to these results, 36 terpenoids in essential oils of leaves from P. densiflora and P. koraiensis were identified and 15 terpenoids and 22 terpenoids were identified from P. koraiensis resin and P. densiflora resin, respectively. The major components which are more than 2% of total amaunt of volatile components were as follows: 1. The major terpenoids of leaves from red pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, ${\beta}$-pinene, D-limonene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, myrcene, terpinolene, ${\alpha}$-terpineol. 2. The major terpenoids of leaves from korean pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, camphene, myrcene, D-limonene, 3-carene, terpinolene, bornyl acetate, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, ${\alpha}$-terpineol, borneol, ${\delta}$-cardinene. 3. The major terpenoids of resin from red pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, myrcene, ${\beta}$-phellandrene, linalool, linalyl acetate. 4. The major terpenoids of resin from korean pine. ${\alpha}$-pinene, ${\beta}$-pinene, D-limonene, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, phytol.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2017

Over 30% of domestic soil contamination has occurred via petroleum products and complex oil. Moreover, contamination by complex oil is more intense than it is by a single petroleum product species. In this study, we analyzed sectional TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) pattern and sectional ratio of current domestically distributed petroleum products, such as kerosene, diesel, bunker C, and lubricant and complex oils, to determine pollution characteristics of the soil. In the TPH pattern, kerosene, which is a light distillate, had an early retention time, and lubricant oil, which is a heavy distillate, had a late retention time in the gas chromatogram. In addition, we obtained a complexly contaminated soil via diesel and lubricant oil from the Navy and inspected it for its ratio of complex oil species. The inspection results showed that this soil was contaminated with 85% diesel and 15% lubricant oil. The method developed in this study could be used to determine complex petroleum sources and ratios at sites with accidentally contaminated soil.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.185-189
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• 2009

Microencapsulation of flavor was carried out by molecular inclusion process using $\beta$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}CD$). ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex was prepared at various flavor-to-${\beta}CD$ ratios (1:6-1:12) to determine the effect of ${\beta}CD$ concentration on the inclusion efficiency. Maximum total oil retention and minimal surface oil content were obtained at flavors to ${\beta}CD$ ratio of 1:10. The physical properties and controlled release pattern of flavors from ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex were measured and compared with spray-dried microcapsules prepared using carbohydrate wall system. ${\beta}CD$-flavor complex showed higher total oil retention and surface oil contents, smaller mean particle size, lower moisture uptake, and higher oxidation stability than spray-dried microcapsule. Oxidative stability of flavor was correlated with hygroscopicity of wall materials. The controlled release mechanism was highly affected by temperature and characteristics of wall materials.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.381-387
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• 2006

We analyzed the total yields and composition of essential oils in leaf extracts of Nepeta cataria by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-six compounds representing 97.0% of total oil were detected. The major constituents of essential oils in Nepeta cataria were nepetalactone (90.9%), unidentified compound (Retention time 17.35; 1.82%), 1,8-cineol (1.49%), ${\beta}-caryophyllene$ (1.12%), and ${\beta}-pinene$ (1.078%). The volatile compounds in leaf extracts of N. cataria concentrated to nepetalactone ($88.83{\sim}93.33%$) remarkably. In the essential oil of N. cataria cis,trans-nepetalactone ($30.2{\sim}37.8%$) and cis,cis-nepetalactone ($31.5{\sim}37.0%$) were found as the main constituents. The effects of essential oil of N. cataria on the growth of six microorganisms (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were investigated. The essential oil of N. cataria had strong inhibitory effect on the growth of three fungal species (Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, and B. amyloliquefaciens). The essential oil from N. cataria was found to have a low antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, while no activity were found against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results indicate the significant antimicrobial effect, which may be depended on the yield of nepetalactone.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 선저폐수 중에 유화된 상태의 유분이 존재할 경우엔 기존의 유처리 분리장치에 의해 선박의 배출허용기준치를 만족하는데 어려움이 있는 것을 감안하여 기존의 유처리 분리시스템에 전기화학적 처리장치를 추가하는 방안을 검토하고자한다. 이를 위해 실험실 규모의 전기화학적 처리장치를 설계ㆍ제작하여 각종 변수인 수력학적 체류시간, 전류밀도, 양극과 음극간의 간격 등을 변화시키며 유화유 폐수중의 유분 제거성능실험을 실시하였으며, 유화된 선저폐수 중의 유분 제거성능실험을 수행하였다. 본 실험결과 전기화학적 처리장치에 의해 유화유 폐수를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.376-384
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using gelled emulsion (olive oil 46%, inulin 9%, gelatin 3%) as fat replacer on some quality parameters of chicken patties. For this purpose GE, prepared with olive oil, gelatin and inulin was replaced with beef fat at a level of 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% (C, G25, G50, G100). In this study syneresis, thermal stability, centrifuge and creaming stability of gelled emulsion were analyzed. Chemical composition, technological paramerers (cooking yield, water holding capacity, diameter reduction, fat and moisture retention) and textural and sensory properites were evaluated in comparision to control patties. High thermal stability was recorded in GE (93%), also creaming stability results showed that GE protected its stability without any turbidity and separation of the layer. The complete replacement of beef fat with GE showed detrimental effect on all investigated cooking characteristics except fat retention. Replacement of beef fat with GE at a level of 50% resulted similar cooking characteristics with C samples. Color parameters of samples were affected by GE addition, higher CIE $b^*$ values observed with respect to GE concentration. The presence of GE significantly affected textural behaviors of samples (p<0.05). Our results showed that GE prepared with inulin and olive oil is a viable fat replacer for the manufacture of chicken patty.

• KSTLE International Journal
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.26-29
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• 2002

The International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-3 passenger car engine oil specification has been introduced commercially in July 2001. The new specification oil provides superior performance in terms of fuel economy, control of high temperature deposits, and oil consumption. These enhanced performances of GF-3 engine oil need high quality base oil as well as a better additive system. In this paper, the effect of base oil on various performances of ILSAC GF-3 engine oil was investigated. From the GF-3 sequence engine tests, Group III base oil shows better performance in fuel economy retention, oxidation and varnish control than combination of group III and group II or group III and group 1.