• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.166-174
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• 1998

The distribution of oil film thickness in piston were measured by induced fluorescence method. A Xe lamp was used as light source. Coumarine-6 was mixed with oil as the fluorescent dye. Fluorescent signal which is proportional to the oil film thickness was acquired by CCD camera and transmitted to the personal computer as video signal. In order to solve the problem of measurement system, irregular distribution and unstability of light intensity, as well as to know the relationship between the oil film thickness and output signal, three different calibration techniques were used. Motoring and firing tests were performed in a single cylinder research engine with transparent liner. By analyzing the oil film thickness converted from the photographed image, it was observed that each of three piston rings scrapes the oil both upward and downward and oil film thickness is not uniform horizontally at a given piston land. The amount of oil in each land was considerably affected by the engine load. It is thought that the blow-by gas blows the oil down to the crankcase.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 1994

By applying of total electric capacitance method on engine connecting rod bearing during engine operating, the influence of engine operating conditions and lubricants on bearing oil film thickness was investigated. Minimum oil film thickness increases with kinematic viscosity, but as increasing of viscosity, the increasing ratio of film thickness is reduced. Also minimum oil film thickness increases with engine speed but there is a limit. Above this limit, film thickness decreases in opposition because of crankshaft inertia. As increasing of engine torque and oil temperature, munimum oil film thickness decreases linearly. For non-Newtonian oils, the correlation between $100{\circ}C$ kinematic viscosity and munimum oil film thickness is very poor.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.737-743
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• 2000

This paper presents the effects of circumferential groove on the minimum oil film thickness in engine bearings. The fluid film pressures are calculated by using the infinitely short bearing theory for the convenience of analysis. Journal locus analysis is performed by using the mobility method. A comparison of minimum oil film thickness of grooved and ungrooved bearing is presented. It is found that circumferential $360^{\circ}$ groove only reduces the absolute magnitude of the oil film thickness, but $180^{\circ}$ half groove affects the shape of film thickness curve and position of minimum oil film thickness.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.71-77
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• 1995

The capacitance technique was used to measure the minimum oil film thickness in engine bearing and the central oil film thickness between cam and tappet. This method is based on the measurement of total capacitance of oil film. For the measurement of the oil film thickness between cam and tappet, two surfaces were assumed to be flat and parallel within the Hertzian region and all the measured capacitance originated from this region. Shear rates from the measured minimum oil film thickness are over 10$^{6}$ sec$^{-1}$ in the greater part in both two cases. The minimum oil film thickness in engine bearing is larger than the surface roughness. Between cam and tappet it is mostly smaller than the surface roughness. In spite of the awkward restriction of the reliability of measured oil film thickness, it was known that the capacitance technique makes it possible to measure the oil film thickness in elastohydrodynamic and mixed lubrication regimes as well as in hydrodynamic regime. Therefore, it is also possible to classify the lubrication regimes based on the oil film thickness.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 1994

Effect of Newtonian and non-Newtonian oils on minimum ol film thickness in engine journal bearing were investigated at various oil viscosities. The influence of oil viscosity and engine operating conditions on minimum oil film thickness of main bearing and con-rod bearing was examined. Minimum oil film thickness for Newtonian oils increased uniformly with kinematic viscosity. But the correlation between kinematic viscosity and minimum oil film thickness was very poor for non-Newtonian oils. According to the straight-line regression analysis for non-Newtonian oils, high temperature high shear viscosity at 1 $1{\times}10^6Sec^{-1}$, $150^{\circ}C$ increase the coefficient of determination from 0.41 to 0.77. Con-rod bearing showed better correlation between minimum oil film thickness and engine operating conditions than main bearing.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2009

In this paper, the minimum oil film thickness and the maximum oil film pressure of engine bearings have been analyzed by using the elastohydrodynamic theory and Taguchi's design method as functions of the oil groove width, oil hole diameter, oil hole position, and oil supply pressure. The optimized design of the engine bearing f3r an automotive Diesel engine is very important for supporting a load-carrying capacity due to gas pres-sures from the engine combustion chamber and inertia forces of the piston. The optimized design data of engine bearings indicated that the optimized oil groove width and an oil diameter of a engine bearing are 8mm at the speed of 2,000 rpm for a given 4-cylinder Diesel engine. Thus, the oil groove oil groove and an oil hole for high performances of an engine bearing may be considered as major design parameters compared to other design factors, which are strongly related to the minimum oil film thickness and the maximum oil pressure distribution of the engine oil.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.859-865
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• 2001

This paper reports on the theoretical analysis of mixed lubrication for the piston ring. The analytical model is presented by using the average flow and asperity contact model. The cyclic variations of the nominal minimum oil film thickness are obtained by numerical iterative method. The total friction is calculated by using the hydrodynamic and asperity contact theory. The effect of the roughness height, pattern, and engine speed on the nominal minimum film thickness, friction force, ad frictional power losses are investigated. As the roughness height increases, the nominal oil film thickness and total friction force increase. Also, the effect of the surface roughness on the boundary friction is dominant at low engine speed and high asperity height. The longitudinal roughness pattern shows lower mean oil film pressure and thinner oil film thickness compared to the case of the isotropic and transverse roughness patterns.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.105-113
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• 2000

In order to clarify the final process of oil consumption, the distribution and flow of oil through each ring were visualized by induced fluorescence method. Motoring and firing test were performed in a single cylinder research engine with transparent cylinder liner. The appropriate calibration techniques were used to solve the unstability of induced light intensity as well as to know the relation of the oil film thickness and output signal. Oil behavior was also observed at dynamic state by high speed CCD camera. By analyzing the oil film thickness converted from the photographed image, it was observed that the main route of oil transport through each ring is the end gap under the usual operating condition, low engine speed and low load condition. Oil film thickness is observed to be irregular and tend to move in a body horizontally at a given piston land. And it is also found that oil flows through oil ring gap so quickly that it can be observed in a single cycle, but it flows so slowly through top and 2nd compression rings that it takes quite a long time to detect the flow.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.39-53
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• 1993

The minimum oil film thickness(MOFT) in the connecting-rod bering of a 1.5 liter, L-4, gasoline engine is measured up to 5500 rpm and calculated to study the dynamically loaded engine bearing. Short bearing approximation and Mobility method are used for theoretical analysis of oil film charactrtistics. And cylinder pressure, crank-pin surface temperature and bearing tenp ture are measured as the input data of theoretical analysis. The MOFT are measured by the total capacitance method(TCM). To improve the reliability of the test results, a reasonable detmuuination method of bearing clearance is introduced and used, and the effects of cavitation and aeration on the test results are neglected. The crankshaft is grounded by means of a slip ring. A scissor type linkage system was developed to measure the MOFT and bearing temperature. The effects of engine speed, load and oil viscosity on the measured and calculated minimum oil film thicknesses are investigated at 1500 to 5500 rpm. From the comparison between the measured and calculated MOFT, it is found that a qualitative similarity exists between them, but in all cases, the measured MOFT are smaller than those calculated.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-26
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• 1994

The minimum oil film thickness(MOFT) in the connecting-rod bearing of a 1.5 liter, L-4, gasoline engine is measured up to 5500 rpm and calculated to study the dynamically loaded engine bearing. Short bearing approximation and Mobility method are used for theoretical analysis of oil film characteristics. And cylinder pressure, crank-pin surface temperature and bearing temperature are measured as the input data of theoretical analysis. The MOFT are measured by the total capacitance method(TCM). To improve the reliability of the test results, a reasonable determination method of bearing clearance is introduced and used, and the effects of cavitation and aeration on the test results are neglected. The crankshaft is grounded by means of a slip ring. A scissor type linkage system was developed to measure the MOFT and bearing temperature. The effects of engine speed, load and oil viscosity on the measured and calculated minimum oil film thicknesses are investigated at 1500 to 5500 rpm. From the comparison between the measured and calculated MOFT, it is found that a qualitative similarity exists between them, but in all cases, the measured MOFT are smaller than those calculated.