• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2015

"Youhan" (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new whole-crop barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2012. Youhan has the growth habit of III, a light green and mid-sized leaf, hooded and lax-type spikes. The cultivar showed 107 cm of culm length, 641 spikes per $m^2$. The heading date of Youhan was May 1, which is one day later than that of the check cultivar "Yuyeon" in upland, and 2 days earlier than that of Yuyeon in paddy field. The maturation time was similar to check cultivar Yuyeon on June 4 in upland and May 31 in paddy field. In terms of winter hardiness and resistance to lodging and disease, Youhan also performed better than the check cultivar. The average forage dry matter (DM) yield in the regional yield trial was approximately 12.6 ton $ha^{-1}$ and 12.0 ton $ha^{-1}$ in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 6% and 5% higher than that of the check. The yield also showed 7.3% of crude protein, 26.8% of ADF (acid detergent fiber), 47.8% of NDF (neutral detergent fiber), 67.7% of TDN (total digestible nutrients), and a higher grade of silage quality for the whole-crop barley. Fall sowing cropping of Youhan is recommended only in those areas where the average daily minimum-mean temperatures in January are higher than $-8^{\circ}C$, and it should not be cultivated in mountainous areas of Korea.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2011

In this study, we evaluated the effect of grid size on dose calculation accuracy using 2 head & neck and 2 prostate IMRT cases and based on this study's findings, we also evaluated the efficiency of a 2D diode array detector for IMRT quality assurance. Dose distributions of four IMRT plan data were calculated at four calculation grid sizes (1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mm) and the calculated dose distributions were compared with measured dose distributions using 2D diode array detector. Although there was no obvious difference in pass rate of gamma analysis with 3 mm/3% acceptance criteria for the others except 10 mm grid size, we found that the pass rates of 2.5, 5 and 10 mm grid size were decreased 5%, 20% and 31.53% respectively according to the application of the fine acceptance criteria, 3 mm/3%, 2 mm/2% and 1 mm/1%. The calculation time were about 11.5 min, 4.77 min, 2.95 min, and 11.5 min at 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mm, respectively and as the grid size increased to double, the calculation time decreased about one-half. The grid size effect was observed more clearly in the high gradient area than the low gradient area. In conclusion, 2.5 mm grid size is considered acceptable for most IMRT plans but at least in the high gradient area, 1.25 mm grid size is required to accurately predict the dose distribution. These results are exactly same as the precious studies' results and theory. So we confirmed that 2D array diode detector was suitable for the IMRT QA.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2015

"Nokyang" (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new whole-crop silage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Korea in 2012. It was derived from combining "Nagyoung" and breeding line "SB77368-B-145". Among the combinations made in 2001, a promising line, "SB01T2017", showed good characteristics in terms of potential forage yield in the yield trial at Iksan from 2007 to 2009. In 2009, the promising line was designated as "Iksan457" and placed in regional yield trials at six locations around Korea for three years from 2010 to 2012, and was released under the name of "Nokyang." It has the growth habit of a group III creeping plant type, with a light-green leaf and common spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 6 and June 4, respectively, which were later than cultivar "Youngyang." "Nokyang" also showed strong winter hardiness, and a resistance to shattering and barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) similar to those of the check cultivar. The best thing among the traits of one is a new good quality with the plant green at the latter growing period. The average forage dry matter (DM) yields in the regional yield trial were about 12.8 and 11.5 MT $ha^{-1}$ in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were higher than those of the check cultivar, by 7% and 2%, respectively. This cultivar would be suitable for an area of the Korean peninsula where the daily minimum temperature in January is above $-8^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.301-307
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• 2017

A new barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar 'Dachung' having high forage yielding and good silage quality was developed at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2015. This cultivar was derived from a cross of the 'Sunwoo' and 'Keunalbori1ho' in 2002. And it's promising line showed both high yield and lodging resistance through the preliminary and advanced yield trials(PYT, AYT) at Iksan from 2010 to 2012. It was designated as the 'Iksan479'. 'Iksan479' was conducted to regional yield trials(RYT) in six locations around Korea for three years from 2013 to 2015. And it was released as the name of 'Dachung'. It has erect plant type, growth habit of IV and green leaf. In the paddy field its heading date was April 24 and maturing date was May 26, same day with 'Youngyang'. Plant height of 'Dachung' was 99cm. Dachung's spikes per $m^2$ was 625. It has high rate of leaf blades, resistance to BaYMV(Barley Yellow Mosiac Virus) and better winter hardiness than that of 'Youngyang'. The average dry matter of 'Dachung' was about $11.9ton\;ha^{-1}$ in paddy field. And average feed quality of 'Dachung' was 9.0% of crude protein content, 31.3% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 54.4% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), 64.0% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients). 'Dachung' had grade I of silage quality. This cultivar would be suitable for the area above the daily minimum temperature of $-8^{\circ}C$ in January in Korean peninsula.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.360-367
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• 2011

The use of green manure crop is one of the methods for alternative of chemical fertilizer as well as maintain of soil sustainability, therefore we evaluated the effect of green manure crops on rice growth and weed occurrence in rice-green manure crop double cropping system. The treatments consisted of incorporation of hairy vetch, barley or combined hairy vetch and barley without any agrochemical or fertilizer. In hand weeding, rice yield in hairy vetch only or hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields was attained by 90% and 93% of the conventional practice, respectively, while the value in barley incorporated fields was just 79%. Although the rice yields were lower than the hand weed control, similar trends in non-weed control were observed among all treatments. At maximum tillering stage, occurred weeds in hairy vetch, barley or hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields were five, five and two species, respectively, while those in conventional practice were six species. Also, the dry weight of weeds in hairy vetch and barley incorporated fields was decreased by 33% and 53% compared to it of conventional practice, while the value in hairy vetch and barley incorporated field was increased by 34%. Among all treatments, although occurrence density of Echinochloa crus-galli was lower than another weed species, the dry weight of it significantly increased. These results suggested that although continuous incorporation of proper amount of legume green manure crops was possible to productivity insurance of crop, but to attain it was essential to the effective management of weeds.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.513-545
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• 2000

I. Introduction Bi(痺) means blocking. It can reach at the joints or muscles or whole body and make pains. Numbness and movement disorders. BiJeung can be devided into SilBi and HeoBi. In SilBi there are PungHanSeupBi, YeolBi and WanBi. In HeoBi, there are GiHyeolHeoBi, EumHeoBi and YangHeoBi. The common principle for the treatment of BiJeung is devision of the chronic stage and the acute stage. In the acute stage, BiJeung is usually cured easily but in the chronic stage, it is difficult. In the terminal stage, BiJeung can reach at the internal organs. BiJeung is one kind of symptoms making muscles, bones and jonts feel pain, numbness or edema. For example it can be gout or SLE etc. Many famous doctors studied medical science by their fathers or teachers. So the history of medical science is long. So I studied ${\ll}Bijeungjujip{\gg}$. II. Final Decision 1. BanSuMun(斑秀文) thought that BiJeung can be cured by blocking of blood stream. So he insisted that the important thing to cure BiJeung is to improve the blood stream. He usually used DangGuiSaYeokTang(當歸四逆湯), DangGuiJakYakSanHapORyeongSan, DoHong-SaMulTang(桃紅四物湯), SaMyoSanHapHeuiDongTang and HwangGiGyeJiOMulTang. 2. JangGeonBu(張健夫) focused on soothing muscles and improving blood seam. So he used many herbs like WiRyeongSeon(威靈仙), GangHwal(羌活), DokHwal(獨活), WooSeul(牛膝), etc. Especially he pasted wastes of the boiled herbs. 3. OSeongNong(吳聖農) introduced four rules to treat arthritis. So he usually used SeoGak-SanGaGam(犀角散加減), BoYanHwanOTang(補陽還五湯), ODuTang(烏頭湯), HwangGiGyeJiOMulTang. 4. GongJiSin thought disk hernia as one kind of BiJeung. And he said that Pung can hurt upper limbs and Seup can hurt lower limbs. He used to use GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯). 5. LoJiJeong(路志正) introduced four principles to treat BiJeung. He used BangPungTang(防風湯), DaeJinGuTang) for PungBi(風痺), OPaeTang(烏貝湯) for HanBi(寒痺), YukGunJaTang(六君子湯) for SeupBi(濕痺) and SaMyoTang(四妙湯), SeonBiTang(宣痺湯), BaekHoGaGyeTang(白虎加桂湯) for YeolBi(熱痺). 6. GangChunHwa(姜春華) discussed herbs. He said SaengJiHwang(生地黃) is effective for PungSeupBi and WiRyungSun(威靈仙) is effective for the joints pain. He usually used SipJeonDaeBoTang(十全大補湯), DangGuiDaeBoTang(當歸大補湯), YoukGunJaTang(六君子湯) and YukMiJiHwanTang(六味地黃湯). 7. DongGeonHwa(董建華) said that the most important thing to treat BiJeung is how to use herbs. He usually used CheonO(川烏), MaHwang(麻黃) for HanBi, SeoGak(犀角) for YeolBi, BiHae) or JamSa(蠶沙) for SeupBi, SukJiHwang(熟地黃) or Vertebrae of Pigs for improving the function of kidney and liver, deer horn or DuChung(杜沖) for improving strength of body and HwangGi(黃?) or OGaPi(五加皮) for improving the function of heart. 8. YiSuSan(李壽山) devided BiJeung into two types(PungHanSeupBi, PungYeolSeupBi). And he used GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯) for the treatment of gout. And he liked to use HwanGiGyeJiOMulTangHapSinGiHwan 枝五物湯合腎氣丸) for the treat ment of WanBi(頑痺). 9. AnDukHyeong(顔德馨) made YongMaJeongTongDan(龍馬定痛丹)-(MaJeonJa(馬錢子) 30g, JiJaChung 3g, JiRyong(地龍) 3g, JeonGal(全蝎) 3g, JuSa(朱砂) 0.3g) 10. JangBaekYou(張伯臾) devided BiJeung into YeolBi and HanBi. And he focused on improving blood stream. 11. JinMuO(陳茂梧) introduced anti-wind and dampness prescription(HoJangGeun(虎杖根) 15g, CheonChoGeun 15g, SangGiSaeng(桑寄生) 15g, JamSa(蠶絲) 15g, JeMaJeonJa(制馬錢子) 3g). 12. YiChongBo(李總甫) explained basic prescriptions to treat BiJeung. He used SinJeongChuBiEum(新定推痺陰) for HaengBi(行痺), SinJeongHwaBiSan(新定化痺散) for TongBi(痛痺), SinJeongGaeBiTang(新定開痺湯) for ChakBi(着痺), SinJeongCheongBiEum(新定淸痺飮) for SeupYeolBi(濕熱痺), SinRyeokTang(腎瀝湯) for PoBi(胞痺), ORyeongSan for BuBi(腑痺), OBiTang(五痺湯) for JangBi(臟痺), SinChakTang(腎着湯) for SingChakByeong(腎着病). 13. HwangJeonGeuk(黃傳克) used SaMu1SaDeungHapJe(四物四藤合制) for the treatment of a acute arthritis, PalJinHpPalDeungTang(八珍合八藤湯) or BuGyeJiHwangTangHapTaDeungTang(附桂地黃湯合四藤湯) for the chronic stage and ByeolGapJeungAekTongRakEum(鱉甲增液通絡飮) for EumHeo(陰虛) 14. GaYeo(柯與參) used HwalRakJiTongTang(活絡止痛湯) for shoulder ache, SoJongJinTongHwalRakTank(消腫鎭痛活絡湯) for YeolBi(熱痺), LiGwanJeolTang(利關節湯) for ChakBi(着痺), SinBiTang(腎痺湯) for SinBi(腎痺) and SamGyoBoSinHwan(三膠補腎丸) for back ache. 15. JangGilJin(蔣길塵) liked to use hot-character herbs and insects. And he used SeoGeunLipAnTang(舒筋立安湯) as basic prescription. 16. RyuJangGeol(留章杰) used GuMiGangHwalTang(九味羌活湯) and BangPungTang(防風湯) at the acute stage, ODuTang(烏頭湯) or GyeJiJakYakJiMoTang(桂枝芍藥知母湯) for HanBi of internal organs, YangHwaHaeEungTang(陽和解凝湯) for HanBi, DokHwalGiSaengTang(獨活寄生湯), EuiYiInTang(薏苡仁湯) for SeupBi, YukGunJaTang(六君子湯) for GiHeoBi(氣虛痺) and SeongYouTang(聖兪湯) for HyeolHeoBi(血虛痺). 17. YangYuHak(楊有鶴) liked to use SoGyeongHwalHyelTang(疏經活血湯) and he would rather use DoIn(桃仁), HongHwa(紅花), DangGui(當歸), CheonGung(川芎) than insects. 18. SaHongDo(史鴻濤) made RyuPungSeupTang(類風濕湯)-((HwangGi 200g, JinGu 20g, BangGi(防己) 15g, HongHwa(紅花) 15g, DoIn(桃仁) 15g, CheongPungDeung(靑風藤) 20g, JiRyong(地龍) 15g, GyeJi(桂枝) 15g, WoSeul(牛膝) 15g, CheonSanGap(穿山甲) 15g, BaekJi(白芷) 15g, BaekSeonPi(白鮮皮) 15g, GamCho(甘草) 15g).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the care patterns for radiation therapy and to determine inter-hospital differences for patients with laryngeal carcinoma in Korea. Materials and Methods: A total of 237 cases of laryngeal carcinoma (glottis, 144; supraglottis, 93) assembled from 23 hospitals, who underwent irradiation in the year of 1998 and 1999, were retrospectively analyzed to investigate inter-hospital differences with respect to radiotherapy treatment. We grouped the 23 hospitals based on the number of new patients annually irradiated in 1998; and designated them as group A (${\geq}$900 patients), group B (${\geq}$400 patients and <900 patients), and group C (<400 patients). Results: The median age of the 237 patients was 62 years (range, 25 to 88 years), of which 216 were male and 21 were female. The clinical stages were distributed as follows: for glottis cancer, I; 61.8%, II; 21.5%, III; 4.2%, IVa; 11.1%, IVb; 1.4%, and in supraglottic cancer, I; 4.3%, II; 19.4%, III; 28.0%, IVa; 43.0%, IVb; 5.4%, respectively. Some differences were observed among the 3 groups with respect to the dose calculation method, radiation energy, field arrangement, and use of an immobilization device. No significant difference among 3 hospital groups was observed with respect to treatment modality, irradiation volume, and median total dose delivered to the primary site. Conclusion: This study revealed that radiotherapy process and patterns of care are relatively uniform in laryngeal cancer patients in Korean hospitals, and we hope this nationwide data can be used as a basis for the standardization of radiotherapy for the treatment of laryngeal cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.971-978
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• 2017

Danggui leaf (Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa) has numerous dietary fiber and healthy functional properties such as anti-inflammatory activity. However, it is usually discarded after its roots are harvested. For wide application of danggui leaf, squeezed danggui leaf juice was used for making pan bread. Treatments included imported wheat flour (IMWF) and domestic wheat flour (DOWF) as a control, 1% soluble solid contents of squeezed danggui leaf juice instead of wheat flour (1% SDLJ), 2% SDLJ, 3% SDLJ, and 4% SDLJ. In the fermentation expansion, dough volume was not significantly different between DOWF and 1% SDLJ, whereas it decreased according to increased amount of squeezed danggui leaf juice. Regarding physical properties, springiness and cohesiveness decreased according to increased amount of squeezed danggui leaf juice and longer storage period. Gumminess, brittleness, and hardness increased according to increased amount of squeezed danggui leaf juice, although these were not statistically different among IMWF, DOWF, and 1% SDLJ after making pan bread. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to assess the correlation between storage period and physical properties. In the PCA, variance proportion of principal component (PC) 1 was 0.87 while that of PC 2 was 0.10. Further, 1% SDLJ showed similar results as DOWF and INWF after making pan bread and after 3 days of storage. In conclusion, use of 1% SDLJ is desirable for making squeezed danggui leaf juice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

This study was conducted to establish the post-harvest management system in rice. Harvested hulled rice was gathered into large-scale bag and combine bag, in which the rice quality and the influence on quality change were investigated on various storage periods and moisture contents. Moisture content of hulled rice ranged from 23.7% to 28.8% on different harvest times, which grew lower as harvesting time was delayed. When desiccation was retarded hulled rice in large scale bag was changed in color and emitted an of offensive odor in 3 days and that in combine bag showed similar symptom in 4 days. Inner temperature in large scale bag was changed a lot when the storage period was prolonged and also the moisture content was higher while that in combine bag increased regularly corresponding to the moisture content at the time of harvest. Moisture content of hulled rice stored in large-scale bag increased 2 days after harvest and the more moisture content showed the more increased tendency, while in the case of combine bag the moisture content was not changed much whether the hulled rice contained low or high moisture content in harvesting. As desiccation was delayed fatty acid increased much more in large-scale bag than in combine bag even though protein and amylose contentwere not changed. As desiccation was delayed more and hulled rice contained moisture more in harvesting head rice ratio of brown rice decreased and green-kerneled rice and damaged grain ratio increased and quality of milled rice also became deteriorated. As a result, desiccation day to minimize the deterioration of rice quality was estimated 1-2 days in large scale bag and 2-3 days in combine bag after harvesting.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.811-817
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• 2009

Purpose : Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are used as first-line agents for the treatment of persistent asthma; however, their use is accompanied by apprehension of potential systemic adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of ICS on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism in children with asthma. Methods : From February 2008 to September 2008, 26 asthmatic children treated with ICS (ICS group), 15 asthmatic children treated with leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) (LTRA group), and 30 healthy children (Control group) were selected from the Korea University Anam Hospital. BMD and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) levels were measured. The asthmatic children underwent spirometry and methacholine bronchial challenge test. Results : There were no significant differences in BMD in the lumbar spine (P=0.254) and proximal femur (P=0.297) among the 3 groups. The serum BALP levels were significantly higher in both the ICS (P=0.017) and LTRA (P=0.025) groups than in the Control group. None of the parameters pertaining to ICS use, such as the mean daily dose during the last 6 months, the total cumulative dose, duration of use, and age of commencement of use, showed significant correlations with BMD (P>0.05 for all parameters). Conclusions : We demonstrated that a low dose of ICS does not exert any significant adverse effect on bone metabolism in asthmatic children. These findings support the current recommendations with regard to the use of ICS for asthmatic children.