• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2018

This study analyzed the condition of marine accident and disaster rate of crew of Korean fishing vessels by vessel type, and checked the Australian safety management system and relevant regulation in Korea to suggest measures to build coastal/offshore fishing vessel safety management system in Korean coastal/offshore fishery. As a result, the power and production amount of Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel is consistently decreasing while marine accident is increasing. Disaster rate of crew was higher than land industry, especially, the disaster rate of coastal/offshore fishing vessel was very high (100.0‰). Australia applies safety management system differed by vessel type and operation waters which fully considers the characteristics of pertinent vessel. The average accident rate of fishing vessels with gross tonnage over 20 tons among the Korean coastal/offshore fishing vessel was 13.6%, which was significantly higher than fishing vessels with gross tonnage below 20 tons (1.4%). Such result indicates it is urgent to implement safety management system to fishing vessel with gross tonnage over 20 tons and introduce fishing vessel safety supervisor. Establishing safety management system of coastal/offshore fishing vessel will contribute to consistent industrial development by achieving the general goal of reducing marine accident and spreading safety culture.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 1999

This paper focused on meaning, problems and prospect of structural reform of coastal and offshore fisheries in Korea. Structural reform can be defined as effective combination of production factors in order to enhance fisheries productivity and it can be realized mainly through fleet reduction, modernization of fishing vessels and fishing gear etc. However, the structural reform alone will not be sufficient to advance Koreanl fisheries facing with severe challenges from both inside and outside. Domestically, worsening status of fisheries resources, decreasing number of fishermen, worsening financial status of fisheries businesses and severe competition cause structural problem in fisheries sector and internationally the pressure from WTO and OECD to reduce tariff and subsides in fisheries poses severe challenges. The structural reform should be carried out in relation with the general adjustment programs across coastal and offshore fisheries such as M&A among fisheries businesses, adjustment of number of fishing permits and fishing areas. And the policy to enhance the fishing productivity is needed for recovery of fisheries resources and for the reduction of fishing efforts, that is, the approach which combines economic and resources concerns is needed. For the effective implementation of the reform, effect analysis of the reform program is needed and at the same time, eradication of illegal fishing, reduction of fishing fleet and reduction of fishing cost should be realized. However, the most important thing is the will and efforts of the government for successful reform. If the government does not exert sufficient efforts for the structural reform, Korea could be degraded into a backward country in fisheries.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.515-525
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• 2011

Due to changes in internal and external environment of coastal & offshore fishery such as decrease in coastal & offshore fishery resources, rising labor costs, rising gas prices, rising turnover rate of seamen, and intensified avoiding 4D types of business, the domestic seamen's avoidance of going to sea is being intensified. In order to solve the problems of domestic seamen shortage, coastal & offshore fishery businesses prefer to employ foreign seamen whose wages are relatively low, so employment of foreign seamen continues to increase. However, the foreign seamen system has the problems in selecting and managing seamen but these problems have been not adequately dealt with, so damages to fishery business continue to occur due to the seamen's deserting. The cases, in which foreigners who entered the country to take the sea in coastal & offshore fishing boats deserted their workplace, recorded 36.4% as of 2010. So in order to achieve the purpose of the foreign seamen system itself through rational management of foreign seamen, the exclusive organization to manage foreign seamen should be established and the system to rationally select foreign seamen who have experiences of fishery should be established. The utilization of foreign seamen during off season needs to be maximized by establishing the employment connection system for the management of foreign seamen and employment stabilization, and the exclusive organization for education of foreign seamen and the organization for nurturing domestic seamen need to be established and operated.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.191-212
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• 2002

The economic and social bad influences of the illegal fishery bring about the results of the fishery resources exhaustion, of the fishery disorder and of the obstruction to sound management for fishery. The typical illegal fishery conducted in the coastal and offshore area of Korea can be divided as follows; fishery conducted by legally unauthorized method, fishery without permission from the Government, and fishery conducted in contravention of the laws and regulations concerning the fishing vessel, fishing gear and fishing method etc. The major reasons of origination of the illegal fishery in the coastal and offshore area of Korea are; Firstly, almost of the fishermen are poorly equipped in economical scale, Secondly, it is very easy to approach the illegal fishery because the domiciliation condition of the fishing village is deteriorated. Thirdly, almost of the fishermen are lacking in lawabiding spirit. Fourthly, the insolvent and unstable fisheries management policy with the lukewarm enforcement of the fisheries laws and regulations by the Government. Fifthly, the small scale family supporting fisheries are widespreaded. Sixthly, to retrieved the economical difficulties the fishermen are easily led astray the illegal fishery. As a conclusion the authors made some suggestions to stamp out the illegal fishery by this study. For the first, temptation fishermen into lawabiding fishery through intensification of the penal regulations is required. Second, simplification of the fishery type through combination of resemble fishing methods is required. Third, actual improvement of the fundamental fishery permission regime is required. Fourth, Introduction of the self-regulating or co-management system for the fishery management is required.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.376-384
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• 2016

Seasonal catch distributions of large purse seines and daily landings of coastal set nets were analyzed to understand the migration path of the Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius around Korean waters. The Spanish mackerel start to move toward the coastal region in the South and West Sea in May for spawning and stay until July, when spawning finishes. Afterwards, they start to migrate to the East China Sea and the southern East Sea and are found irrespective of the onshore and offshore regions. Therefore, they disappear from the offshore region during the spawning season in June and July, and a new recruitment population of age 0 begins to inflow into the coastal fishing grounds in the South Sea and West Sea in August, one month earlier than in the Japanese coastal region of the East Sea.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.185-193
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• 2009

This study documented and diagnosed the status and problems of coastal dredging and offshore disposal of dredged sediments in South Korea to improve assessment procedures for marine environmental impacts and develop effective management systems. A total of $729({\times}10^6)m^3$ of coastal sediment was dredged in the harbors during the period of 2001-2008. Most of dredged sediment was disposed to the land dumping sites whereas ocean disposal accounted for less than 5%. Ocean disposal areas were especially concentrated to the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the southeast of Busan, which is not only an important fishing area for fishermen, but also considered to be spawning and nursery ground for some commercial fish species. To minimize negative impacts of dredging and ocean disposal of coastal sediment on marine ecosystem and potential strife among coastal users, we suggest 1) in development projects involving ocean disposal, it should be mandatory to propose careful reuse plans in the land, and 2) guidelines of environmental assessment and consequence management programs should be developed and implemented.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.263-271
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to reduce the foreign fishermen's rate of deserting from Korean coastal and offshore fishing vessel. There are two employment systems for foreign fishermen who work on a coastal and offshore fishing vessel in Korea. One is employment permit system and the other is foreign seamen system. The former permits the foreign fishermen to work on the fishing vessels which are less than 20 gross tonnage. The latter permits the foreign fishermen to work on the fishing vessels which are more than 20 gross tonnage. The recent rate of deserting from their workplace are 21.5% in foreign seaman system and 26.8% in employment permit system by October 2011. In this paper, the authors propose eight means to reduce the rate of deserting from their workplace.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2019

The International Labor Organization (ILO) selected fishing as the most dangerous group of jobs in the world, and it is well known in Korea as a 4D industry. Offshore large purse seine accounts for the largest portion of the fishing industry in the coastal region with high death rate and the accident rate. The repeated disaster rate survey by the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI) shows offshore large purse seiner is the highest at 22.3 percent and coastal gill nets and offshore stow net are following at 12.4 percent and 11.9 percent in order. Therefore, risk factors occurring in offshore large purse seiners were analyzed based on data from the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC) for three years from 2015 to 2017 and 4M (Man, Machine, Media, Management) 3E (Engineering, Education, Enforcement) techniques were used to provide a safe fishing environment. The number of accidents on offshore large purse seiners each year was more than 150, and the number of accidents on every fishing boats was as high as 17 percent in 2015. If the accident rate and the risk level were divided by insurance, the accident resulting from contact with machinery was the highest, and the risk of a contact with gear was low but frequently occurring. This was caused by collisions and contact with gear in situations where death and disappearance risk are not high, and accident types in situations where death and loss risk are considered to be contact with machinery, falls or other accidents. Through these analysis techniques, the frequency and risk of each type of accident on a offshore large purse seiners can be demonstrated, and it is expected to raise awareness of a safer fishing environment and contribute to the reduction of accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 2018

Squid is one of the important fisheries resources in Korea. Therefore, squid has been designated and managed as a target species of total allowable catch (TAC) since 2007, but the catch amount is gradually decreasing. The analysis was conducted to identify the change of relative fishing power index to develop the vessel and gear technology that may have improved the fishing efficiency of the offshore squid jigging fishery from 1960s to 2010s. Gross tonnage per fishing vessel increased with the increase in size until 1990, but then gradually decreased to 41.0 tons in 2000 and 37.1 tons in 2010. The illuminating power (energy consumption) by fishing lamps increased to 180 kW in 2005 and stabilized to 120 kW in 2015. Jigging machine started to be supplied to fishing vessels from the early 1970s, and fish finders began to be supplied in the early 1980s and gradually increased. Therefore, the relative fishing power index in the offshore squid jigging fishery increased from 1.0 in 1980 to 1.1 in 1990, to 3.5 in 2000 and to 2.5 in 2010, but the increment rate slowed down gradually. The results are expected to contribute to reasonable fisheries stock management.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.79-105
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• 2021

In the circumstance of standing out the climate change issue, the purpose of this study is to compare the efficiency of offshore and coastal fisheries according to whether or not greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are considered, and then to present policy alternatives based on the analysis results. For analysis, the traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA), the slacks-based measure (SBM) and the SBM-undesirable models were used, and robust analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Wilcoxon Signed-rank tests were performed. As a result, the study showed that the average efficiency of fisheries decreased as the traditional DEA extended to the SBM model considering the slack and the SBM-undesirable model including the GHG emissions. Specifically, the average efficiency of the traditional DEA model, SBM model, and SBM-undesirable model was analyzed as 0.7350, 0.5820 and 0.4976 respectively. In addition, the results of the robust ANOVA and Wilcoxon Signed-rank tests all showed that there are statistically significant differences in efficiency between offshore and coastal fisheries as well as among traditional DEA, SBM and SBM-undesirable models. As a policy alternative to the analysis, it was suggested that to improve the efficiency of coastal and offshore fisheries, it is necessary to actively implement the new fishing vessel project and develop smart and electric hybrid fishing vessels.