• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.2 s.23
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• pp.49-63
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• 2000

In this research, we analyzed the activities of Japanese architectural offices in Korea during the Japanese occupation era, classifying them into two groups: first, Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Korea, and second, Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Japan. There were totally 98 Japanese architectural offices that had their bases in Korea during the Japanese occupation period. The number of those offices had increased rapidly since 1920s. Nakamura(the design of bank buildings), Tamada(the design of theaters), Otsumi(the design of Japanese style residential houses) can be regarded as the most remarkable Japanese architectural offices among them. We found that these offices already specialized in certain architectural planning fields, such as bank buildings, theaters and residential houses. It was also found that, during the Pacific War period, even privately-managed architectural offices were mobilized for the war by Japanese government, through designing munitions factories, etc. On the one hand, since some large Japanese corporations entered into Korea, many Japanese architectural offices, that had their bases in Japan, got into working in Korea and designed a number of buildings, with the exception of the architectural office of Vories, who was a Christian architect. Even though the place that the activities of these Japanese architectural offices were carried out was Korea, any factors of Korean architectural style couldn't be found In their works. This means that they just transplanted the Japanese modern architectural style in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-90
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the conditions and problems of anti-smoking education programs in government office for civil servants. A mail-in survey was carried out for the chief of the general affairs of 248 government offices. 1. There were 154 responses to the surveys. Only 34 governmental offices have carried out anti-smoking education programs for civil servants. 2. Only one office has a department to supervise and anti-smoking program. 17 offices have 1 worker and thirteen offices have no manpower to supervise anti-smoking program. 3. Only eight offices have budgeted for anti-smoking programs. The average budget was 3,750,000 Won. Expected budget for smoking cessation program was 7,500,000 Won. 4. 25 offices have an anti-smoking lecture program for civil servants. Only five offices have an anti-smoking counseling for smokers. 5. Only seven surveys responded that civil servants had a positive response to anti-smoking programs. 6. The most important problem of anti-smoking programs in governmental offices was the lack of concern of civil servants. Governmental offices have to provide the greatest administrative services and services concerning the quality of life for citizens. Anti-smoking education programs in governmental offices for civil servants was the beginning of an activity of the services concerning the quality of life for citizens. Governmental offices have to actively implement anti-smoking programs for civil servants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.61-71
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiencies of project management offices in large information system construction projects using the data envelopment analysis. In addition, we tried to estimate the confidence interval of those efficiencies using bootstrap DEA to give a statistical meaning. The efficiency by the CCR model is analyzed as eight project management offices are fully efficient and 22 project management offices are inefficient. On the other hand, there are 15 project management offices are fully efficient, but 15 project management offices are inefficient in the BCC model. As the result of the scale efficiencies, of the inefficient project management offices, 13 project management offices are inefficient in scale. It is possible to eliminate the inefficiency in the CCR model by improving their project performances. And, the nine project management offices showed that the inefficiency was due to pure technical efficiency, and these companies should look for various improvements such as improvement of project execution system and project management process. In order that the inefficient project management offices be efficient, it is analyzed that more efforts must be made for on-budget and on-time as a result of examining the potential improvement potentials of inefficient project management offices.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze the locational characteristics of bank branch offices in Kangnam-Gu, Seoul by using Geographic Information System. The number of bank branch offices have sharply increased due to financial liberalization, while the scale of them is getting smaller. The procedure of this research has four steps. First, the spatial distribution of bank branch offices in Seoul is analyzed by the places and time. Second, the spatial variations of bank offices in dong districts of Seoul is explained by factor analysis and multiple regression analysis. Third, the location-allocation model which is embedded within network module in Arc/Info is applied in order to find out optimal location of bank offices in Kangnam-Gu. Finally, the grid module is used in creating the potential surface map for locational sites of new bank branch offices The factors to affect the location of the bank offices contain mainly economic variables including local tax, collUl1ercial area, total establismnent and total employment. The actual locational pattern of bank offices is similar to the idealized locational pattern proposed by the function of min-distance in location-allocation models. In conclusion, this study shows that spatial analysis functions may potentially be improved using GIS technologies. However in order to analyze the location of bank offices more precisely, it should be found out the way to collect more appropriate data, construct computerized base maps, and investigate consumer behaviour and behavioural characteristics of bank themselves..

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-2
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• 2014

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

This study analyzed the changes in productivity growth of 291 regional fisheries cooperatives area from 2001 to 2010 selected as target. The productivity growth analysis of operating offices calculates Global-Malmquist productivity index. Input variables are number of the persons and the nettable area, output variables are deposit, loans and earnings. To improve the homogeneity of industry, the operating conditions were considered. Global Malmquist index of Operating offices was reduced between 2001~2010. The cause of increase and decrease of productivity are divided by efficiency change(EC) and best-practice change(BPC). Operating offices with increased productivity existed between 2001~2002 and between 2002~2003 and between 2006~2007. There were operating offices with increased productivity by EC. Global Malmquist index of Operating offices with locations was highest relatively in metropolitan. Operating offices with increased productivity existed between 2003~2004 and between 2007~2008 and between 2008~2009 in all locations. There were operating offices with decreased productivity by BPC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2010

Present state of nationwide marine facilities reported to 12 regional maritime affairs and port offices of MLTM in Korea for two years 2008 and 2009 was analyzed based on region and type of facilities, and national management plan was proposed in this study. As of the end of 2009, 8 types of marine facilities were reported to Yeosu regional maritime affairs and port office, while only 3 types of facilities were reported to Pohang, Daesan and Jeju regional offices, respectively. Oil and noxious liquid substances storage facilities belonged in the type of facility which was reported to all of 12 regional offices, and ranged from 11 facilities reported to Pyeongtaek regional office to the respective 38 facilities to Yeosu and Masan regional offices. In pollutants storage facilities, 4 facilities were reported to Masan regional office, 2 facilities to Donghae and Mokpo regional offices, respectively, 1 facility to Yeosu, Gunsan and Pyeongtaek regional offices, respectively, and none of facilities to the other regional offices. Ship construction, repair and scrap facilities belonged in the type of facility which was reported to all of 12 regional offices, and 45% of the facilities were concentrated in Southeastern Sea of Korea centering around Busan and Masan. In cargo handling facilities, 3 facilities were reported to Busan and Masan regional offices, respectively, 1 facility to Daesan regional office, and none of facilities to the other regional offices. In wastes storage facilities, 5 facilities were reported to Ulsan regional office, 4 facilities to Gunsan regional office, 2 facilities to Incheon regional office, 1 facility to Yeosu regional office, and none of facilities to the other regional offices. 65% of nationwide water intake and drainage facilities were concentrated in the areas of Pohang and Mokpo, and 78% of nationwide fishing spots at play were concentrated in the area of Masan. In other marine facilities, 4 facilities were reported to Donghae regional office, 3 facilities to Masan regional office, 2 facilities to Yeosu and Pyeongtaek regional offices, respectively, 1 facility to Incheon and Ulsan regional offices, respectively, and none of facilities to the other regional offices. In integrated marine science base facilities, 3 facilities were reported to Jeju regional office, 1 facility to Yeosu, Ulsan and Gunsan regional offices, respectively, and none of facilities to the other regional offices. The management based on the circumstances of regional offices, the management based on the characteristics of the type of facilities, the amendment of the relevant rules and regulations, facility owner's full knowledge and observance of the relevant rules and regulations with regard to the relevant type of facilities, and positive management actions from national point of view were proposed for national management plans of marine facilities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.356-366
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted in order to evaluate $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations at 20 offices connected to the manufacturing industry from the beginning of September to the end of November 2012. Methods: A total of 20 samples were collected from 20 office buildings. Each $PM_{2.5}$ sample was collected by a 37 mm PTFE filter attached to a Personal Environment Monitor. Results: The geometric mean concentrations of $PM_{2.5}$ in the offices was $23.47{\mu}g/m^3$, and the mean $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations measured in smoking offices were much higher than those of measured in non-smoking offices($24.83{\mu}g/m^3$ and $21.55{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively). $PM_{2.5}$ was revealed to be higher in small offices($39.52{\mu}g/m^3$) than in medium or large offices($22.69{\mu}g/m^3$ and $11.04{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively). The mean $PM_{2.5}$ concentration of offices located on the 1st floor was higher than that of those on the 2nd floor, and those of offices located in the workplace were higher than those out of the workplace. The multiple regression model showed that concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was positively associated with the method of ventilation. Conclusions: Smoking, ventilation method, location, and inflow of outdoor particulate matter are the most important factors for office $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

Mean levels of airborne bacteria, airborne fungi, temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide in total 69 general offices were $426({\pm}83)\;cfu/m^3$, $234({\pm}125)\;cfu/m^3$, $25.9({\pm}1.3)\;^{\circ}C$, $57.7({\pm}8.6)\;%$, $422({\pm}38)\;ppm$, respectively. The I/O ratio of airborne bacteria and fungi was over 1 and there was no significant difference among temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide in total 69 general offices. In construction period, a concentration of airborne bacteria and fungi was significantly highest in general offices constructed under one year and over three years since construction, respectively (p<0.05). The concentration of airborne fungi in general offices located at basement was significantly higher than those located at ground (p<0.05). No significant difference of airborne bacteria and fungi in general offices was found regardless of installation of HVAC system (p>0.05). The dominant bacterial genera identified in general offices was Staphylococcus, followed by Micrococcus, Bacillus, and Corynebacterium while usarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Rhizopus and Mucor were identified as dominant fungal genera in general offices.

• IE interfaces
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.223-233
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• 2009

In this paper we developed a method for an optimal planning to reorganize Dong offices to enhance the administrative efficiency. First we defined a mathematical model for the optimal planning problem of reorganizing Dong office and developed a genetic algorithm to solve the problem. For the purpose of minimizing standard deviation of population, area and distance among reorganized offices, the constraints such as allocation, distance, area, population, etc. are considered and weights are applied to Dong offices in the downtown and shopping area. The developed algorithm was applied for reorganizing Dong offices in Jongro Gu, Seoul. The results showed that the developed algorithm could be applied for the real world problem. This study may be applied to the optimal decision of reorganization of offices in the similar reorganization or company M&A situations by changing constraints and weights.