• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2014

Global warming has become a major issue all over the world. Noting the carbon dioxide emissions as a main contributor to global warming, we studied on the methods to reduce the life cycle building carbon emissions. Green Building Certification Criteria(GBCC) has been implemented since 2002 in Korea, but it doesn't estimate the quantities of the $CO_2$ emissions. Therefore, we studied the ways to implement the $CO_2$ emissions in quantity to GBCC. We select a government building which was rated excellent by the GBCC. This office building was regarded to excellent building by GBCC but not good for energy consumption. It was found energy glutton buildings for research by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security in 2010. This part of GBCC is need to be improved.. Also LCA (Life Cycle assessment) was carried out to estimate on carbon footprint on this office building. So we need to implementing quantitative evaluation on the amount of carbon emissions by GBCC. And it is possible to implementing quantitative evaluation on the amount of carbon emissions. Through this study, we expect that quantitative assessment of life cycle carbon emissions of buildings by the GBCC. Also expect to reduce the carbon emissions of the building by improving the GBCC.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2013

Building Energy Efficiency Rating system was enforced in 2001 to enhance spreading high-energy performance and saving buildings. It was only for the new apartments, but expanded to new office buildings in 2010, and moreover, government offices require 1st grade of Building Energy Efficiency Rating system. Green Building Act, which is established to reduce the emissivity of carbon dioxide by reducing building energy consumption, will be enforced in 2013, and new apartments and office buildings will be subjected to it. Henceforward, it will extend to other types of buildings and will be phased in. In general, pumps and fans consume approximately half of the air-conditioning energy consumption, and about a quarter of the total building energy consumption when office buildings have total floor area of more than 10000 square meters. This study analyzed the energy demand when applying VAV(Variable Air Volume) and VWV(Variable Water Volume) System to reduce energy returns of the pumps and the fans by ECO2, which is a computer simulation program used for Building Energy Efficiency Rating system.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.65-73
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• 1979

1. 파종기에 따른 묘대일수를 연장함에 따라 출수가 늦어졌으며, 품종별 출수기의 변이는 조생종은 묘대일수, 중만생종은 파종기의 영향을 받으며, 또한 동일 이앙기내에서 묘대일수 연장은 영양생장기간의 증대로 출수를 단축시켰다. 2. 파종기와 묘대일수 연장시 출수일수와 영양생장 기간은 짧아졌으며 기본영양 생장성이 작은 품종일수록 묘대일수 연장시 불시출수의 위험이 컸다. 3. 간장, 등숙비율은 묘대일수, 수수와 일수당입수는 파종기의 조만에 영향을 받으며 이들은 서로 상관을 보였다. 4. 등숙온도와 수량과도 상관을 보였으며 등숙기를 $23^{\circ}C$ 정도에서 출수개화하도록 조기이앙을 요한다. 5. 안전수량을 얻기 위해서는 조생종 6월 10일(40~50일묘), 중만생종 5월 30일(30~60일묘)이전 이앙을 안전작기로 본다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2017

Accidents involving wheelchair accessible vehicles have been frequently occurring since the introduction of these vehicles in the Korean market. However, detailed regulations, which are required to ensure the safety of the wheel-chair occupants, are unavailable. In this study, both domestic and international vehicle safety regulations are analyzed in order to select the regulations that are similar to the transportation environment of Korea. Sled tests with an actual wheel-chair accessible vehicle were carried out based on the analyzed regulation requirements, as well as the values of the HIC, belt loads, dummy movements, and wheelchair movements. The test results showed that the movements of the dummy and the wheelchair did not meet the criteria of the regulation due to the improper positioning of the restraint systems.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2015

In this paper, we developed a Hospital Information System in which the business process is formalized and a wire/wireless integrated solution is used. This system consists of the administration office program, the medical office program, the ward management program and the rounds management program. The administration office program can enroll and accept patients, issue and reissue the RFID card. The medical office program inputs a medical examination and treatment, outputs a diagnosis, requests a hospitalization, retrieves the record of a medical examination and treatment, assigns the corresponding examination room to the accepted patients, and updates the number of an waiting patient and a patient number according to the examination room on real time. The ward management program handles hospitalizations and leaving hospital, a nurse's note, and an isolation ward monitoring. The rounds management program handles a medical examination and treatment, and a leaving hospital using PDA. This developed system can be built at low cost and increase the quality of the medical services highly by making it automated the medical administration automation. Also the small number of the medical staffs can manage the inpatients efficiently by using the monitoring functions.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

본 논문의 목적은 광선반을 사무소건물에 효율적으로 적용할 수 있는 기준자료를 제시하는 것이다. 광선반의 채광성능 시뮬레이션을 위해 3Ds Studio Max 프로그램이 사용되었으며, 광선반의 폭, 표면반사율, 설치각도와 같은 주요 변수의 최적값을 도출하였다. 다음으로 이러한 최적값을 이용하여 광선반의 채광성능을 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 사무소건물에서 광선반을 설치함으로써 주광성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2015

LED lightings combined with IT technology can provide variable illumination environments that can be controlled by users according to their emotional need and preferences. This is one of the most beneficial functions compared with conventional lightings offering only fixed color and brightness. There is however lack of analysis data for creating practical lighting solutions satisfying user preferences in a wide range of applications from residential to commercial places. To materialize the technical advantages of user-controllable LED lightings, more observation data are required in various situations. Therefore, dissimilar emotional needs are determined in the present study for compartmental office spaces (staff lounge room, meeting room and desk job place) through subjective experiments by 45 observers. The optimum lighting conditions (CCT and illuminance) are finally obtained using Response Surface Method and relevant prediction functions are also deduced. The final outcome can be applied for making user-preferred office illumination products.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe office workers' postural behaviors during computer work to identify the risk factors for head and thorax postural behaviors. Methods: The participants included 57 office workers who worked longer than 20 hours on a computer. Postural behaviors during computer work were measured using 3-D wearable motion sensors on the forehead and sternum. A multivariate linear regression model evaluated the association between various risk factors (neck pain, demographics, and environmental factors) and non-head and thorax postural behaviors. Results: The participants maintained their head and thorax in neutral postures (defined as 10° extension~10° flexion and 5° extension~10° flexion, respectively) for 24.7% and 39.3% of the total recorded time. Those who reported neck pain at the measurement of postural behaviors showed less time spent in thorax postures. Current neck pain, high desk height, and the distance between the keyboard and the edge of the desk (cm) were found to be related to less time spent in a neutral thorax posture. Conclusion: Office environment factors and current neck pain might affect workers' thorax postures, which might also determine the orientation of head postures during computer work.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.413-427
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• 2006

It is necessary to study and develop guidelines for providing comfort and health indoor air quality for office workers since air-tight envelope system of current office building may cause poor indoor air quality. The purpose of this study is to propose guideline for volatile organic compounds in office base on the field study, human health risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis. The field study was conducted to survey the concentrations of volatile organic compounds in indoor air of 69 offices from June to September, 2005 in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The rate of excess to guideline of volatile organic compounds in indoor air of new apartment on the Ministry of Environment in Korea(MOE) was surveyed 37.6% for benzene, 6.8% for toluene, and 1.5% for ethylbenzene. As the result of human health risk assessment, mean cancer risk did not exceed 10-6 which is guideline of US.EPA. Also, total hazard index did not exceed 1 which is guideline of US.EPA. Through the cost-benefit analysis of angle on the social-economics to verify the necessary to establish the standards of volatile organic compounds for improvement and development of indoor air quality in office, the present value of benefit was higher than the present value of cost. With the above considerations in mind, it is suggested that the field study for indoor air quality in offices should be expanded and human health risk assessment and cost-benefit analysis be performed th offer scientific data for decision-making of policy for improvement and management of indoor air quality in office.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2001

There has been increased interest in the health effects of the Environmental Tobacco Smoke(ETS) as a confirmed human carcinogen. It has been known to be extremely difficult to make an accurate assessment of exposure to ETS since it is consisted of a variety of components and there are a number of labile chemicals. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain, to interpretate and to provide the data of quantitative exposure assessment to ETS in the field of environmental health. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the concentration of ETS using VOC in indoor office environments. The correlations and concentrations of benzene, RSP, 3-EP, nicotine that are indicators for ETS were investigate with smoking density, air change per hour(ventilation rate). Air samples were taken in smoking room(7 sites), smoking allowed office (3 sites), corridor outside smoking room(7 sites), non-smoking office (9 sites). The concentrations of benzene showed significant difference according to category of indoor office environments. The geometric mean concentration of benzene were 23.56 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥(range 4.80~192.90 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥) in smoking rooms. 6.16 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥ in smoking allowed offices, 1.32 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$/㎥ in the non-smoking offices respectively. The ratios of the concentration of benzene between outdoor air and smoking room, smoking allowed office, and non-smoking indicators concentrations, SD, and SI were 0.82(benzene and nicotine). 0.76(benzene and RSP), 0.60(benzene and SD), 0.76(benzene and SI). It is proposed that benzene is a good indicator for ETS.