• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.829-837
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of ocular bacteria and tear lactoferrin on the Tear Staining Syndrome(TSS) in poodle dogs. Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Micrococcus and Pseudomonas were the most Prevalent microorganisms isolated in normal eyes of poodle dogs, whereas the predominant isolates in the poodle dogs with TSS were Micrococcus, Staptococcus and Staphylococcus. There were no significant differences between the normal and tear-stained poodle dogs in the quantity of tear lactoferrin. In vitro hair staining experiment, bacteria isolated from the eyes with TSS and lactoferrin didn't stain hair. The results have shown that either ocular bacteria or tear lactoferrins were not related to the TSS.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 1992

Hydrogel coated ring shaped ocular inserts (containing the antibiotic, tylosin tartrate) were used in an evaluation of the effectiveness of polymeric ocular drug release devices for treating infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. The in vivo experiments represent the first experiments using hydrogel ocular inserts containing an antibiotic for treating infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. In the infection tests, ten calves. were challenged with $2.4{\times}10^8{\sim}1.6{\times}10^9$ Moraxella bovis (a bacterium) colonies per eye following two ten minute ultraviolet radiation eye preconditioning exposures. Ninety five percent of the eyes (19 of 20 eyes) were successfully infected by this method. All infected eyes were monitored for the presence of the bacteria quantitiatively, and clinical observations were made for 14 days. The test was performed by three consecutive steps: 1) inoculation with 2 ultraviolet (UV) radiations, 2) growth of bacterial colonies and 3) treatment with medicated ring-shaped devices. The first. bacteriological measurements after 2 UV exposures were performed at day 3 of the tests. At day 7 after inoculation of both eyes of a calf with M. bovis, a medicated or a non-medicated ring-shaped device was inserted into each eye of a calf. The eye receiving the non-medicated ring was taken as a control for comparison with the eye that received a medicated ring. During the next 7 day period following a medicated ring insertion, the number of bacteria in the treated eyes dropped dramatically to negligible levels (0 to 30 colony forming units/swab), while the control eyes which received a non-medicated ring still exhibited a relatively high number of bacteria ($10^3\;to\;10^6$ colony forming units/swab). The number of bacteria was significantly reduced by the antibiotic released from the medicated ocular insert.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 2010

Disposable contact lenses, which are one type of soft contact lenses, provide convenience in use, but also cause various ocular infectious diseases. Microorganisms that cause eye diseases include Acanthamoeba, bacteria, Fungi, and so on. It is impossible to prevent microorganism contamination completely due to the use of hands as wearing contact lenses. The contamination by various microorganisms leads to infectious keratitis, but it is not well known for the exact microorganisms that affect the disease. For this reason, to identify the microorganisms, two groups that are commonly used for disinfection of lenses were divided: normal saline solution and multiple purpose solution. Using these solutions the degree of microorganism contamination was observed according to the days of 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15. Twenty students by two groups from Ophthalmic Optics department at D college in Daegu Metropolitan city participated in the experiment after their ocular health conditions were checked. During they wore one-day disposable lenses for 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 days, bacteria were cultured in media. The results, which were Gram stained by selecting the cultured colonies, show as followings: Gram positive cocci 33%, Gram-negative cocci 2%, Gram positive bacilli 34%, and the Gram negative bacilli 31%, respectively. As for the identification of potential pathogens, VITEK system and API kit methods were used. Keratitis caused by bacteria known as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected as a result of wearing contact lenses. This study examined the distribution of bacteria as wearing one-day disposable contact lenses and pathogenic bacteria according to the duration of wearing them. In conclusion, the importance of hygiene when using contact lenses is suggested.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.15 no.3_1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2015

Human have more complicate and skilled ability for lying even cheat ourself. It is not easy to cheat unconscious things like sweat, eyes, or voice, but if some one cheat own self, he can cheat every of that. Lie is one of the way to spread our gene and our instinct make a lie. Every living organism even bacteria or virus use similar trick to survive. In human body, there are more complicate and profound mechanism for lying like breathe, sweat, eyes, face or voice. We can control some of that and make a fake, but it can't be perfect. Human also called 'Homo Fallax' cause we have a language and skill to lie with it. In present, we can detect lie with polygraph, but it has few weakness. So we try to use Vibraimage technology for resolve it. In this paper, we describe how to use Vibraimage for lie detection and the research history.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2022

Osteomyelitis typically occurs because of the direct inoculation of bacteria or fungi after penetrating trauma or surgical contamination or, by extension, from soft tissue infection. Osteomyelitis is rarely reported in wildlife animals, though severe chronic osteomyelitis cases do exist in wildlife owing to the scarcity of medical support in the wild environment. This report describes three cases of chronic osteomyelitis in wild raccoon dogs related to trauma. The typical symptoms of three reported cases were ataxia, stiffness, muscle atrophy, and lethargy. All three cases were relevant to traumatic or severe external injury, and skin infestation caused by ectoparasites was apparent on an ocular inspection. In the radiographic examination, diffuse sites of osteolytic lesions and remarkable periosteal responses were demonstrated around the injured limb in all three cases. Apparent neutrophilia with a left shift, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis in hematological examinations generally indicated chronic infection as shown in case 1 and 3. Treatment was attempted with broad-spectrum antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, clindamycin, and meloxicam. These treatment options helped improve the overall prognosis of chronic osteomyelitis, but the outcomes did not meet the treatment goal entirely. Osteomyelitis can be extremely challenging to treat, particularly in wild animals, because of their distinctive traits, such as masking phenomenon and uncontrolled exposure to ectoparasites. Earlier diagnosis with a radiographic examination, hematological examinations, and careful patient monitoring, followed by prolonged antibiotic therapy and restricted exercise, are the key factors leading to a better prognosis.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.381-389
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• 2004

To investigate changes of multi-purpose solutions for soft contact lens(MPS) depending on using period or keeping temperature, we evaluate four brands of MPS. No significant difference was seen in protein deposit removing efficacy after samples had used for 24 weeks and kept at $4^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. The pH values of the samples of 4 brands measured weekly over the 24 week testing period. The initial average pH value of samples were 7.0, 7.5, 7.6 or 8.2. One brand of MPS was in the range of the threshold for ocular awareness, which is outside the zone of 6.6 ~ 7.8. During the testing period, the pH value were decreased in using period-dependent manner. At the 24th week, the average pH values of samples turned to 6.6, 7.2, 7.2 or 7.7. However, the difference of keeping temperature was not associated with decreased levels of pH values. After 24 weeks, one of total 36 samples was contaminated by bacteria. Furthermore, the change of components was shown after 24 weeks in the analysis using thin layer chromatography and the analysis of UV absorption pattern. The results of our study provides that the keeping temperature of MPS is not the important factor of changes of MPS, but the using period of MPS can cause contact lens wearers discomfort.