• 한국연안방재학회지
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• 제4권spc호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2017

In this study, surface currents measured by small lagrangian GPS drifters (Aquadrifter) in Anmok coastal waters were analysed to account for the variability of nearshore surface current and wave-induced current to understand sediment transport mechanism near the crescentic bars in the surf-zone and near Kangneung breakwater and submerged breakwater in Anmok. The 8 times lagrangian drifter experiments were conducted mostly during in 2nd, 3rd, 4th intensive measurements in winter, summer, and spring seasons with long-term wave observation at the station W1. The analysed surface currents near the breakwaters in Anmok show that wave-induced currents at the middle of the submerged breakwater were separated and flowed toward the shoreline but offshore currents were dominant through the channels between the breakwaters. The longshore currents near the shoreline were flowed to the northwest (southeast) depending on the incoming waves from ENE (NNE). The surface nearshore offshore currents were generated mostly by waves and winds in case of high and low wave energy environments. Using the small-size lagrangian surface drifter experiments, we successfully measured longshore and offshore wave-induced currents in the surf-zone and near submerged breakwater close to Kangneung breakwater. The drifter experiment results show the availability of direct observation of nearshore surface currents to understand the mechanism of sediment transport analysing observed wave-induced current and ebb-current in the surf-zone generated by incoming waves and local winds.

• 한국해안해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해안해양공학회 1996년도 정기학술강연회 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.147-150
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• 1996

동해의 보편적인 순환계를 Lagrangian 부표 수치실험을 통하여 추적하였다. 부표 수치실험을 하기 위하여 사용된 순환장은 동해전반에 관하여 보간된 실제 해저지형을 사용한 원시방정식(Primitive equation)모형으로부터 유도되었다. 시뮬레이션된 순환장은 전반적으로 기존의 관측치와 고찰결과에 일치하지만 좀 더 많은 시간적, 공간적 변화를 보여준다. 부표는 모형영역내에서 동해전역에 걸쳐 해수수송이 최소와 최대가 되는 달인 3월 1일과 9월 1일에 투하되어 각각 1년간 추적되었다. (중략)

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.208-225
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• 2019

동해의 평균 표층 순환과 표층 해류의 변동성을 이해하기 위하여 1991년부터 2017년까지 동해를 지나간 표층 뜰개들의 궤적을 분석하였다. 표층 뜰개 자료를 분석하여 동해 표층 해류들을 그 주경로 별로 분류하고, 이들 해류의 변동을 조사하였다. 동한난류는 한국 동해안을 따라 북쪽으로 흐르며 $36{\sim}38^{\circ}N$에서 이안한 후 동해 중앙($131{\sim}137^{\circ}E$)에서 동쪽으로 흐른다. 이때 해류 경로의 평균 위도는 $36{\sim}40^{\circ}N$의 범위를 가지며, 남북으로 큰 진폭을 갖고 사행한다. 표층 뜰개 경로의 평균 위도가 $37.5^{\circ}N$ 이남(이북)일 때 사행진폭이 상대적으로 크며(작으며) 진폭은 약 100 (50) km이다. 동해 중앙에서 표층 뜰개들은 $37.5{\sim}38.5^{\circ}N$를 따라 동쪽으로 흐르는 경로를 가장 빈번하게 지나간다. 동해 북부 블라디보스토크 연안에 투하된 표층 뜰개들은 연안을 따라 남서쪽으로 이동하다가 일본분지 서쪽에서 반시계방향 순환을 따라 남동쪽으로 이동한 후 $39{\sim}40^{\circ}N$에서 동쪽으로 사행하여 이동한다. 다음으로 동해를 $0.25^{\circ}$ 간격으로 격자를 나누어 각 격자를 통과하는 표층 뜰개들의 이동 속도 벡터 자료로 동해 평균 표층 해류 벡터장과 속력장을 구하였다. 그리고 $0.5^{\circ}$ 격자 간격으로 해류장의 분산타원을 계산하였다. 울릉분지 서쪽에서는 동한난류의 경로가 매년 변화하고, 야마토분지에서는 해류의 사행과 소용돌이가 많아 해류의 변동성(분산)이 크다. 표층 뜰개의 주 이동 경로, 평균 해류 벡터장, 분산을 모두 반영하여 표층 뜰개 자료에 근거한 동해 표층 해류 모식도를 제시하였다. 이 연구는 그동안 인공위성 고도계 자료를 이용하여 구한 표층 지형류와 해양수치모델로 모의한 해류를 중심으로 연구해 왔던 동해 표층 순환을 라그랑지 관측 자료를 통해 정리했다는 데 의의가 있다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.361-372
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• 2008

A satellite tracked drifter experiment was conducted to observe thermal structure and surface circulation in the northeastern East China Sea. For this experiment, four ADOS buoys, assembled with surface float and thermister chain, were deployed on August 2007 in southern Jeju-do, where the Kuroshio Branch Current is separated from the main stream. Thermal structure in the upper layer of the northeastern East China Sea was successfully observed during the following $1{\sim}3$ months. Strong thermo-haline front in a northeast-southwest direction was observed. In the frontal zone, warm and saline Kuroshio origin water intermixes with fresher coastal water and flows toward the Korean Strait. Typhoon Nari, which passed over the East China Sea 20 days after commencement of study, caused distinct signals in the thermal structure and trajectory of buoys. During the typhoon, surface temperature abruptly dropped to about $4^{\circ}C$, while the thermocline formed at $30{\sim}50$ m depth vanished due to strong vertical mixing. Internal inertial oscillation occurred several days after the typhoon. The fortuitous occurrence of typhoon Nari showed that ADOS buoys can provide useful and accurate air-sea interaction data during typhoons.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

본 연구는 대한해협 인근 입자추적 예측 기법의 정확도 개선을 위해서 해수유동 수치모델 결과를 이용하여 만든 입자추적 모델과 현장 관측 자료를 이용한 기계학습 기반 입자 추적 모델을 비교 및 분석하였다. 세부 연구 방법으로는 대한해협에서 관측된 표층 뜰개 이동 궤적 자료, 3개 관측소(가거도, 거제도, 교본초 관측소)의 조위 및 바람자료를 학습시켜 만든 기계 학습(선형 회귀, 의사결정나무) 기반 예측자료, 수치모델 예측자료(ROMS, MOHID)를 3가지 오차평가방법(CC, RMSE, NCLS)을 통해 비교하였다. 최종 결과로서 CC와 RMSE에서는 의사결정나무 모델의 예측 정확도가 가장 우수하였고 NCLS에서는 MOHID 모델의 예측 결과가 가장 우수하였다.

• 대기
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2022

This paper describes verification results for the ocean analysis field produced by the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) against observed Argo floats and drift buoys over the western Pacific Ocean and the equatorial Pacific during 2020~2021. This is confirmed by a comparison of the verification for the newly updated version of the HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model/Navy Coupled Ocean Data Assimilation (HYCOM/NCODA) against same observations. NEMO shows that the vertical ocean temperature is much closer to the Argo floats than HYCOM for most seasons in terms of bias and root mean square error. On the other hand, there are overall considerable cold biases for HYCOM, which may be due to the more rapid decreasing temperature at the shallow thermocline in HYCOM. Conclusion demonstrated that the NEMO analysis for ocean temperature is more reliable than the analysis produced by the latest version of HYCOM as well as by the out-of-date HYCOM applied to the precedent study. The surface ocean current produced by NEMO also shows 14% closer to the AOML (Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory) in situ drift buoys observations than HYCOM over the western Pacific Ocean. Over the equatorial Pacific, however, HYCOM shows slightly closer to AOML observation than NEMO in some seasons. Overall, this study suggests that the resulting information may be used to promote more use of NEMO analysis.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2003

Typhoon Rusa passed over the East China Sea and crossed over the Korea Peninsula on August 31, 2002. The core of the typhoon passed directly over a data buoy mooring site at ($127^{\circ}45'E,\;34^{\circ}25'\;N$) and several ARGOS-tracked drifters capable of measuring salinity. Peak hourly mean wind speed reached 28 m/s at the mooring site and wind pattern in the East China Sea changed from southerly wind to northwesterly wind after the typhoon passage. Two or three days before the typhoon tile drifter displacement changed significantly and the region-wide circulation pattern changed from a northeastward current to a westward current one week after the typhoon had passed. The surface water in the East China Sea was cooled to about $4^{\circ}C$ under the typhoon core and a general cooling occurred in most of the East China Sea with the exception of the Chinese coast. The salinity as observed by the drifters in the East China Sea increased about 2 psu but the near-shore water along the Korean coast observed by the mooring was freshened about 3 psu. The freshening of near-shore water was caused by an intrusion of off-shore water rather than local freshening by typhoon precipitation.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2002

The detailed structure of a tidal front and its ebb-to flood variation in the main tidal channel of the Kyunggi Bay in the mid-west coast of Korea were investigated by analyzing CTD data and drifter trajectories collected in late July 1999. A typical tidal front was formed in water about 60 m deep at the mouth of the channel. Isotherms and isohalines in the upper layer above the seasonal pycnocline in the offshore stratified zone inclined upward to the sea surface to form a surface front, while those in the lower layer declined to the bottom front. The location of the front is consistent with $100 S^3/cm^2$ of the mixing index H/U defined by Simpson and Hunter (1974), where H is the water depth and U is the amplitude of tidal current. The potential energy anomaly in the frontal zone varied at an ebb-to flood tidal cycle, showing a minimum at slack water after ebb but a maximum at slack water after flood. This ebb-to flood variation in potential energy anomaly is not accounted for by the mixing index. We conclude that on- and offshore displacement of the water column by tidal advection is responsible for the ebb-to-flood variation in the frontal zone.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 1997

Surface current fields in the eastern East China Sea (ECS) were constructed by analyzing trajectories of 58 satellite-tracked surface drifters released during 1991-1996. Composite trajectories and 20-minute-by-20-minute box-averaged current vectors show that the basic current pattern composes of: the Kuroshio main stream, which turns eastward toward the Tokara Strait; a northward branch current of the Kuroshio on the ECS outer shelf deeper than 100 m; and an anticyclonic circulation in the northern Okinawa Trough west of Kyushu. The northward branch current sharply changes its direction to the northeast when it crosses a line connecting Cheju Island, Korea and Goto Islands, Japan. The basic pattern of current field changes slightly from winter to summer, and the main axis of the Tsushima Current in the Korea Strait is found to shift seasonally. The drifter experiment does not support the claim that the Yellow Sea Warm Current is separated from the northward branch current on the outer shelf southeast of Cheju Island. We suggest that the use of the term 'Tsushima Current' be limited to the northeast channel flow in the Korea Strait. The new term 'Kuroshio Branch Current' is suggested for the northward branch current on the outer shelf south of Cheju-do, which is separated from the Kuroshio.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.202-214
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• 2014

급격히 증가하고 있는 무인해양관측 체계들의 현황을 글로벌 관점에서 조명하고, 이를 범국가적 차원에서 통합, 조정, 관리하기 위한 네트워크에 대해 고찰하였다. 3차원 시공간적으로 변동이 심한 해양환경을 관측/감시하기 위해서 무인해양관측 플랫폼들은 점차 다양화되고 있는데, 여기서는 이동형(표층 뜰개, 중층 플로트, 수중 글라이더)과 고정형(표층 및 수중 계류선, 바닥장착형 관측)으로 구분하여 각각의 목적, 역사, 현황을 조사하고, 향후 변화를 전망했다. 이들을 활용하여 글로벌 해양관측체계에 기여하고 있는 대표적인 고정형과 이동형 무인해양관측 네트워크(ARGO와 OceanSITES) 프로그램들의 현황에 대해서 알아보고, 글로벌 해양관측/모니터링 체계를 위한 시너지 효과를 창출하기 위한 운용 및 활용 증가를 전망했다. 마지막으로 더욱 효과적인 해양관측/모니터링 체계를 설계하기 위해 다종의 플랫폼을 동시에 사용하는 것을 제안하였고, 그 대표적인 예로 미 국립과학재단의 OOI(Ocean Observatories Initiative) 프로그램을 소개하였다. 아울러 심해 및 남반구와 같이 글로벌 관점에서 존재하는 자료의 틈을 줄여나가기 위한 노력과 글로벌 경계류 관측 네트워크와 같은 새로운 해양관측 네트워크를 위한 노력, 그리고 생지화학/음향/광학 센서들을 포함한 센서 기술들의 개발 노력과, 자료의 표준화 및 센서 검/교정을 위한 노력에 대한 제언을 추가하였다.