• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.441-448
• /
• 2003

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Nogodan to Goribong, 22 plots(500$m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed Three groups Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus rhynchophylla community. Quercus mongolica- Pinus densinora community. Quercus mongolica community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was found as it major woody plant species in the ridge area from Nogodan to Goribong. And partly in lower elevation was occupied by deciduous broadleaved tree species and Pinus densiflora. In this area, Korean endemic species, Abies koreana was distributed small amounts. Species diversity(H') of investigated group were ranged 0.9274~1.2845 and it was similar to those of the ridgee area of the national parks in Baekdudaegan.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and information Science
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.134-144
• /
• 1996

In this paper, we propose a new access method, called the HG-tree, to support indexing and retrieval by image content in large image databases. Image content is represented by a point in a multidimensional feature space. The types of queries considered are the range query and the nearest-neighbor query, both in a multidimensional space. Our goals are twofold: increasing the storage utilization and decreasing the area covered by the directory regions of the index tree. The high storage utilization and the small directory area reduce the number of nodes that have to be touched during the query processing. The first goal is achieved by absorbing splitting if possible, and when splitting is necessary, converting two nodes to three. The second goal is achieved by maintaining the area occupied by the directory region minimally on the directory nodes. We note that there is a trade-off between the two design goals, but the HG-tree is so flexible that it can control the trade-off. We present the design of our access method and associated algorithms. In addition, we report the results of a series of tests, comparing the proposed access method with the buddy-tree, which is one of the most successful point access methods for a multidimensional space. The results show the superiority of our method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.49 no.9
• /
• pp.237-243
• /
• 2012

In recent system-on-chip (SoC) designs, several hundred embedded memory cores have occupied the largest portion of the chip area. Therefore, the yield of SoCs is strongly dependent on the yield of the embedded memory cores. If all memories had built-in self repair (BISR) with optimal repair rates, the area overhead would be very large. A bit-map sharing method using a memory grouping is proposed to reduce the area overhead. Since the bit-map memory occupies the largest portion of the area of the built-in redundancy analysis (BIRA), the proposed bit-map sharing method can greatly reduce the area overhead of the BIRA. Based on the experimental results, the proposed method can reduce the area overhead by about 80%.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.407-415
• /
• 2006

This study carried out submerged area due to Dam construction in the near future. It includes species classification of plant, survey of community structure, examination of pollutant load and assessment of water quality impact. The vascular plants of this area are listed 224 taxa; 64 families, 168 genera, 193 species, 30 varieties and 1 form. This study area is classified into total 21 communities, most community was consist of grass vegetation. Among the communities, Erigeron annuus ($869,286m^2$, 22%) community was dominant and Erigeron annuus-Avena fatua comminity (16%) was subdominant until May, and then Erigeron canadensis community occupied most area to $1,774,985m^2$ (32%) from May to July. For the evaluation of water quality impact due to submerged macrophyte, nutrient release test was conducted both dead body macrophyte and living body macrophyte. The results of release test show that T-N is not released at dead body macrophyte, but it is released at living body macrophyte, especially living body Artemisia priceps var. orientalis shows 1.436mgN/g. At release test of dead body macrophyte, T-P release rate of Erigeron annuus shows 0.500mgP/g at the top of them and it also shows 0.436mgP/g at Erigeron annuus of living body macrophyte. T-N load of submerged macrophyte shows 0.76% by comparison of total load on watershed and T-P load of that shows 3.61%. In case of removal macrophyte for reduction of pollutant load in submerged area, T-N load of submerged macrophyte changes from 0.76% to 0.15% by comparison of total load on watershed and T-P load of that changes from 3.61% to 0.72%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.53-68
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to establish the more rational and practical basic theory for the landscape planning in the aparment complex. In this study, the actual conditions of exterior space, the residens' satisfaction degree and the correlation between exterior space and the residents' satisfaction defree were investigated and analyzed on the 13apartment complexes in Taegu City. Through the statistical analysis, the main results were obtained as fellows : It was found that the size of green area ratio in the apartment complexes were in the order of Jugong Apt. (Korean Housing Corporation), Siyoung Apt. (City Operation), Minyoung high-rise Apt. (Private Business) and Minyoung low-rise Apt. (Private Business) complex. The highest ratio of footway and Parking area were shown in Minyoung high-rise Apt. complex. The important factors at the exterior space of apartment complex were composed by 6 major factors, importance degrees of which are Visual, Practical, Convenient, Sentimental, Recreational and Spatial factors for teenagers in orders. The residents' satisfaction degrees to the exterior space were highly correlated with the spatil organization, size of green area and quantity of trees, view, management situation, defensibility of outside noise, rest place, water landscapings by turns. In order to get more than the average satisfaction degree 18 exterior space, the green area should be occupied by 35% of the apartment complex area and more than 76% of the green area (i. e. 16% of the apartment complex area) should be planted with trees. In the Taegu City regulation, the ratio of tree composition is proposed for only the number of tree. But it was shown that the satifaction degree are more correlated with the species and afforestation of trees than the nuts her of trees in this study. therefore, the species of tree and the afforestation of tree should be considered when the landscape planning of the apartment complex begins. It was found that the ratio of afforestation to make the more desirable exterior space In the apartment complex shoule be 8 to 2 in the ratio of arbor to shrub. It was also required that 30 species of arbor and 15 species of shrub should be planted for the more desirable landscape of the apartment complex.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.02a
• /
• pp.217-222
• /
• 2007

Since 1973, we attain a successful achievement of nation-wide afforestation such as a thick forest and heaped-up leaves. However, the higher of the formation density in forest, the more dangerous to be a large-scale forest fire whenever fire occurs. According to the type of forest in the country, 42% of the forest is occupied by conifer forest that are highly flammable, and the distribution of forest age is in a transition period from immature forest to mature one. And the structure is too weak to the forest fire for the occurrence and spread because there are too many scrub and shrub trees in the forest. As a matter of course, it is on the increase of the thinning-forest that can shift the forest structure from a weak on forest fire to a strong one nowaday. In other words, thinning-forest has primary purposes such as the promotion of producing forest trees, production of excellent timbers, and build-up of public forest area. Furthermore, in some reports, the reduction of ladder fuel by eliminating the vertical/horizontal fuel in a forest and ensuring spaces in the forest can decrease the occurrence of forest fire and the risk of spread of burning as by-effect. Therefore, this study is designed to clarify the relation with the risk of forest fire by an on-spat-investigation of the characteristics of forest composition on the thinning and the non-thinning area.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.903-916
• /
• 2012

We need to use aesthetic landscape assessment(ALA) as the means of riparian buffer zone(RBZ) management. This study verified the political validity of designation policy of RBZ and land purchase policy. The purpose of this study was to propose RBZ landscape management strategies through ALA of RBZ in Gyeongan Stream for the better attractive and healthy riparian landscapes. The natural type landscape units(LUs) covered 40.9% of the entire area and the cultivated land type LUs covered 20.58%. Landscape assessment consisted of landscape quality and landscape integration assessment. The criteria for assessing landscape quality(LQ) were naturalness, interest, uniqueness, and landscape function. LQ was ranked into five grades using a matrix. The landscape integration assessment consisted of an inner integration assessment in each LU and outer integration assessment among LUs. To review the propriety of designating the riparian area and the riparian ecological belt, differences in ecological appraisal and aesthetic valuation were reviewed through a t-test, Oneway ANOVA, and logistic analysis. The results of ALA, 29.15% of the entire area scored at grade 1 in LQ, while 31.95% scored at grade 5, indicating that grade 5 areas occupied a high share. Surveyed areas were divided into designated RBZ and undesignated RBZ. Results indicated that designated RBZ scored grade 1 in LQ took up 33.2% of the total, significantly higher than the 23.3% taken up by undesignated RBZ. When examined according to buffer distance, grade 1 areas within 50m took up 50.2% of the total area, lower than the 32.7% at buffer distances of 500m-1km. Results indicated a 1% statistically significant difference. Accordingly, analysis was undertaken for the expansion of designation of the riparian area and the selection of appropriate land for formation of a riparian ecological belt, and was designated at priority 1 and 2 for land purchase. This study can also contribute to the formation of a riverine eco-belt through discovery of design factors for upgrading the ecology, aesthetics, and landscape of the riparian area and application in determining land purchase priorities.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 2007

This study examines and analyzes residential environment and consciousness of downtown residents in Naju city and its results are as follows. Naju's population or urban population were decreased by half for 25 years, but area of residential regions was increased twice. It indicates that major parts of increased residence area are occupied by housing site development area. Uses of downtown buildings are for residential building mostly, but commercial building is less than 1/3 and story of buildings is mostly the first floor. So downtown area in Naju has residential function mostly and family composition is over sixties in more than half of population and regional aging is remarkable because household over majority of the population has no family under twenties. Downtown areas showed detached house and their own house in 2/3 of population and residents over majority of population have lived in current house over 20 years and had strong settlement. But housing site area is less than 40 pyeong at 3/2 of population and 2/3 of population have not parking lot. Most of population have dissatisfaction with their residential environment and for solving their dissatisfaction, improvement of poor residential environment, road extension and construction of parking lot are needed most. Most of residents consider that improvement of residential environment or economic level is normal or developed a little compared to five years ago, but when such a dissatisfaction is solved, they continue to live in their area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.329-338
• /
• 2009

Using physiological data which had been already published, we investigated variation of phytoplankton communities due to changes of marine environmental factor at 2 stations of northern Gamak Bay from November 2007 to September 2008. Dominant species (occupied species above 10%) were dinoflagellates 1 species and diatom 11 species. Diatom Skeletonema costatum was observed as dominant species during the periods except in summer (i.e. July and August), especially, which occupied above 90% in December. On the other hand, dominant species during summer were diatom Eucampia zodiacus and Chaetoceros spp., Considering the results of other physiological studies, S. costatum might be non-dominant species during summer by following reasons 1) growth rate of E. zodiacus might be taster than that of S. costatum under the temperature during summer although both S. costatum and E. zodiacus are eurythermal and euryhaline species. 2) Species as E. zodiacus characterized by low affinity with light might have a chance to be dominant with increasing optical transparency due to low suspended solids in July. 3) In aspect of nutrition, species of growth strategist as S. costatum could be dominant in relatively low concentration of phosphate and species of storage strategist as E. zodiacus could be dominant in relatively high concentration of phosphate during summer in this study area. In order to understand the phytoplankton dynamics in detail, the physiological informations about strains isolated from this study area are necessary because physiological conditions are different depending on isolated area.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.199-203
• /
• 2006

In the late growth stage of rice plant, the growth declines even though they grow well in early growth stage. This phenomenon is called autumn declining and it often accompanies the infection of Helminthosporium leaf spot disease. This study was carried out to identify the related environmental factors and to establish the integrated control system of Helminthosporium Leaf Spot Disease in rice. The total area of infected paddy field by Helminthosporium leaf spot was 470 ha in 2000 and 1,004 ha in 2001, which occupied about 1% of the total paddy area in Gyeongbuk province, Korea. The ill-drained sandy paddy occupied 50% of the total area of infected paddy fields and followed by sandy paddy (28%). Comparing the content of soil elements between infected and normal paddy, it was clarified that the organic matter content of normal was higher than that of infected paddy and the contents of inorganic elements such as Mn, Fe, Zn and available $SiO_2$ were also higher in normal paddy. The results of comparing the inorganic elements between infected and normal rice plants also showed the same results. The contents of inorganic elements such as MgO, $SiO_2$, Fe, Mn were higher in normal rice plants. Especially highly significant difference of $SiO_2$ content on both soil and rice plants was noticeable.