• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-27
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• 2008

This study examined the illustrations in the elementary school textbooks which was followed by identifying the parts that displayed gender-discriminating elements or traditional gender roles. The research results are as follows: 1) The ratio of man and woman in the figures appearing in those illustrations was 1.33:1, which means there were more men than women in the illustrations and that there was no balance in the gender distribution among the figures. 2) Male figures were presented as the protagonists in 39.7% of the illustrations, female figures in 25.5%, and both male and female figures in 34.8%. The results indicate that there were much more illustrations in which men were the protagonists than those in which women were. 3) The occupations of the adults in the illustrations were analyzed. As a result, the ratio of man and woman with a job was about 2:1, which implies that there were twice as many male professionals than female ones. Men had over 60 kinds of occupations and women had only 45 kinds of occupations with 59.5% of them concentrated in four jobs including teaching, farming and fishing, doing artistic works, and selling things. 4) The case analysis results of the illustrations in the textbooks demonstrate that the traditional gender roles of a father and mother were followed and that there were gender stereotypes in describing the characteristics of man and woman. Gender dichotomy was observed in the vocations. Men were the leading players in economic, political, and cultural activities, and most of the historical figures were men. Meanwhile, women were depicted as the subjects of economic activities and completely isolated and alienated from political, historical, and cultural activities. It turned out that the figures of the illustrations in the current elementary school textbooks had gender discriminating elements and profoundly reflected the stereotypes for gender roles.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2009

This study tried to examine the conflict relationships and solutions among the members of a hospital structure, a structure composed of various experts and professionals. As the situations causing conflicts are very different depending on the sizes or structural types of hospitals, the samples were collected from total 235 people of 17 medical specialists, 46 residents, 74 nurses and 74 medical technicians, 40 administrators in a university hospital for clearing conflict relationships. The result showed that a hospital had separately different the conflict causes according to all types of occupations. That is, there were various conflict relationships such as the conflict with the medical specialists, with residents, with nurses, and with administrators, and resulted in respectively different causes from those conflict relationships. In addition to, looking into the top of conflict causes, the respondents in all occupations attributed the conflict with medical specialists to "authoritative attitude" of medical specialists, and attributed the rest types of conflict relationships to "lack knowledge of the work". And then, in terms of the top of conflict solutions according to the occupational types in the hospital structure, medical specialists and administrators chose competition & cooperation, and the way for residents, nurses and medical technicians was situation-avoidance. The competition & cooperation type, negotiation type and situation-avoidance type, among solution types, were little difference regardless of occupations, but in case of work-avoidance type, there were significant differences according to residents, nurses, medical technicians, administrators, and medical specialists in the order.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2014

The aquatic disease inspector is not classified as an occupation in the current Korean Standard Classification of Occupations(KSCO). Therefore, the roll of the aquatic disease inspector in the medical treatment and the prevention against the aquatic organism disease is underestimated. The aquatic disease inspector is in a more disadvantageous position than the pharmacist and the veterinarian. The purpose of this study is to approve the aquatic disease inspector as an occupation in KSCO. The important contents of this study are as follows. In the first place, this study looks around the general requirements of classifying the occupations in KSCO. The aquatic disease inspector satisfies the most general requirements. But, because of the similarities of job between the aquatic disease inspector and the veterinarian, the aquatic disease inspector do not satisfy the requirement for 'the principle of exclusiveness'. In the second place, this study looks around the classification system of KSCO. The classification system of KSCO is consists of multi steps. This study makes the plan for the appropriate occupation classification of the aquatic disease inspector. In the third place, this study looks for the legal methods to classify the aquatic disease inspector as an occupation in KSCO. In order to classify the aquatic disease inspector as an occupation in KSCO, many regulations of the laws about the aquatic disease inspector and the veterinarian are to be amended and the number of the aquatic disease inspectors is to be increased by the innovative measures.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.97-128
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• 1998

독서의 중요성을 인식하게 하고 올바른 독서문화를 형성시키는데 하나의 동기를 부여하기 위하여 서양 선각자들이 말한 독서에 관한 명언 138개를 문헌 조사하여 국가별로 나누어 내용과 말한 사람의 국적 및 직종, 업적 및 활동, 활동한 시기를 분석하였다. 조사된 독서 명언 속에는 독서의 의의$(30\%)$, 방법$(44\%)$, 효용$(13\%)$, 가치$(12\%)$, 즐거움$(1\%)$ 등이 내포되어 있으며 직종에 따라 다양하게 표현하고 있다. 독서의 명언을 말한 사람(83명)의 국적은 국력이 강하고 문화가 발달한 선진국인 영국(36명), 프랑스(17명), 미국(15명)이 많고 직종은 168개 분야 중에서 문학(97), 철학(20), 정치(13)분야 사람이 많다. 특히 문학분야 중에는 시인(25명)과 작가(24명), 소설가(18명)가 $70\%$ 정도를 차지하고 있다. 활동했던 시기별로는 19-20세기 $34\%$, 19세기 $25\%$로 양 기간이 약 $60\%$이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.860-869
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to investigate use patterns of nutrition information service of 50-and-older adults and analyze the differences in use patterns of nutrition information service according to their socio-demographic variables. The survey was conducted with 500 adults aged 50-and-over living in Seoul between March 28 and April 10, 2007. A total of 401 questionnaires were used for analysis (use rate 80.2%) and the statistical data analyses were completed using SPSS Win (ver 12.0). The main results of this study were as follows. First, most respondents (73.3%) realized the need for nutrition counseling or education. However, 65.3% of respondents have little experience in nutrition counseling or education. Second, the most preferred methods of nutrition counseling or education were field trips (27.7%), counseling in hospitals/public health centers (23.4%), cooking classes (23.2%). And the most often cited sources of nutrition information were TV/radio (66.6%) and newspapers/magazines/books (41.6%). Third, sociodemographic variables such as sex, age, education level, occupations were significantly related to methods of nutrition counseling or education. And variables such as age, education level, occupations were significantly related to often cited sources of nutrition information. Also sex, age, education level, occupations were significantly related to needs for nutrirtion information service.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2020

Background: To gain a better understanding of nonfatal injuries in Alaska, underutilized data sources such as workers' compensation claims must be analyzed. The purpose of the current study was to utilize workers' compensation claims data to estimate the risk of nonfatal, work-related injuries among occupations in Alaska, characterize injury patterns, and prioritize future research. Methods: A dataset with information on all submitted claims during 2014-2015 was provided for analysis. Claims were manually reviewed and coded. For inclusion in this study, claims had to represent incidents that resulted in a nonfatal acute traumatic injury, occurred in Alaska during 2014-2015, and were approved for compensation. Results: Construction workers had the highest number of injuries (2,220), but a rate lower than the overall rate (34 per 1,000 construction workers, compared to 40 per 1,000 workers overall). Fire fighters had the highest rate of injuries on the job, with 162 injuries per 1,000 workers, followed by law enforcement officers with 121 injuries per 1,000 workers. The most common types of injuries across all occupations were sprains/strains/tears, contusions, and lacerations. Conclusion: The successful use of Alaska workers' compensation data demonstrates that the information provided in the claims dataset is meaningful for epidemiologic research. The predominance of sprains, strains, and tears among all occupations in Alaska indicates that ergonomic interventions to prevent overexertion are needed. These findings will be used to promote and guide future injury prevention research and interventions.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2020

Background: It is well known that the prevalence of obesity in Korea is increasing over time, however it is not known how the trends among occupational groups and sex differ in such increasing trends. This study was designed to provide recent trends of obesity among workers in Korea and to identify whether there were differences among occupational groups. Methods: We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phases I to VI (19982015), to analyze trends in the prevalence of obesity in adult Korean workers. Obesity was defined as a body mass index of 25 kg/㎡ or higher. Occupations were classified into 3 groups: (a) nonmanual workers, (b) service/sales workers, and (c) manual workers. Results: During the period of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Phases I to VI, the prevalence of obesity in male workers increased in all occupations (31.1% to 39.5% in manual workers, 32.3% to 38.2% in service/sales workers, and 25.3% to 39.7% in manual workers). However, female workers did not show any particular tendency toward obesity, except for a significant decrease in the prevalence rate in service/sales workers (30.8% to 23.9%, p for trend = 0.0048). Conclusion: The trends of obesity prevalence by sex and occupation were different. For male manual workers, the prevalence rate increased steadily during the data period, while it decreased steadily in female sales/service workers.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an endemic parasitic infection in the Mediterranean region, including Libya and its Al-jabal Al-gharbi province. We aimed at studying the occupational relevance as well as other epidemiological aspects of CL. We investigated 140 CL cases who attended at Gharyan outpatient polyclinic during a period of 6 months in 2009. CL infection was clinically diagnosed and confirmed by demonstration of Leishmania parasites on smears from lesions. Our findings showed that males were more affected than females (P=0.04), and people above 10-years were more affected than younger ones (P=0.0001). A significant percent of CL cases belonged to Al-Kawasem subprovince (P=0.0001). Farm-related activities were the most frequent occupations among CL cases (P=0.04). In addition to farm workers, housewives and students are at risk groups since they are engaged at farm activities. Moreover, those who have occupations that require staying outdoors for a part of night, e.g., policemen, are also at risk. Compared to children, adult CL patients had multiple lesions (P=0.001) that were more prevalent in their upper and lower extremities than the face (P=0.0001). We conclude that CL is a major health problem in Al-jabal Al-gharbi province of Libya. The presence of rodents and sandflies makes it a suitable environment for Leishmania to spread in an endemic epidemiological pattern. Being engaged in farming activities or outdoor occupations increases the risk of infection. Various clinical patterns of CL suggest the presence of more than 1 species of Leishmania at Al-jabal Al-gharbi province. We propose that the 2 species responsible for CL in this area are L. major and L. tropica. Further investigations to identify the leishmanial species responsible for CL at Al-jabal Al-gharbi together with adoption of preventive and control programs are needed.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.187-203
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• 2017

본 연구는 민간경비의 직업정체성이나 직업적 명망에 영향을 주는 공식적 제도적 구현방법인 한국표준직업분류체계에 대한 문제점을 분석하고, 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하는데 초점이 있다. 현행 한국표준직업분류(KSCO)는 현행 민간경비 관련 법규체계, 관련된 고등교육체계와 사회교육체계에서의 교과과정, 향후의 NCS체계나 신자격 체계 등을 적절히 반영하지 못하고, 현재의 보안 및 경비관련 시장과 부정합을 야기하는 등의 문제점을 내포하고 있다. 이에 (1) 단순노무종사자에 중복 분류된 민간 경비 관련 직업을 일원화하여야 한다. (2) 무인경비원(4123)을 삭제하고, 대신 보안경비원(4123)을 신설한다. (3) 보안경비원(4123)에 대한 세세분류로 시설경비원(41230), 호송경비원(41231), 기계경비원(41232), 보안관제원(41233), 특수경비원(41234) 등을 신설한다. (4) 대분류 9(코드9)의 단순노무종사자에서 중분류 및 소분류의 명칭을 변경하고, 경비원(9421)을 감시원(9421)로 조정한다.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

산업융합의 거시적 양상을 다루는 기존 연구는 주로 지식과 기술이 구체화된 특허나 재화/서비스의 산업간 네트워크에 초점을 두었다. 이 논문은 지식과 기술을 체화한 인적자원이 산업과 직업의 융합을 주도하는 또 하나의 중요한 매개체라고 본다. 최근 5개년도 GOMS 자료에 나타난 대졸자 전공 및 일자리 정보를 활용하여 산업(직업)융합의 거시적 양상과 그 구조를 이해하기 위한 분석전략을 제시한다. 구체적으로 전공과 일자리 정보를 토대로 전공↔산업(직업)의 비대칭 이분네트워크를 구축하고, 산업(직업)의 적소범위, 관련 전공의 평균 적소범위라는 두 축을 교차하여 전문주의, 종합주의, 국지적 융합, 융합 등 총 4가지 산업(직업)군을 분류하였다. 융합산업(직업)은 특정 분야에서 국지적 융합성이 높은 다수의 전공으로부터 인적자원을 폭넓게 공급받는 산업(직업)이라고 볼 수 있다. 탐색적 분석결과를 토대로 함의를 도출하고 향후 과제를 제시한다.