• 제목/요약/키워드: Occupational task

검색결과 353건 처리시간 0.026초

직장여성의 연도별 출산 계획 변화 및 관련요인 분석 (An Analysis of Factors associated with Annual Trends in Childbirth Plans by Female Workers)

  • 이지선;정혜선
    • 지역사회간호학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.357-367
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify factors of Korean female workers' childbirth plans and to establish measures to improve the childbirth plan. Methods: Study subjects were selected part in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year surveys of the Korean Longitudinal Panel Survey of Women and Families. The selection criteria were as follows: women who had a spouse; were salaried workers currently employed for the last one month; belonged to a childbearing age; and had less than 3 children. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with childbirth plans. Results: Childbirth plans by female workers decreased each year. The analysis of associated factors revealed that age, number of children were associated factors in all years. In addition, education, satisfaction about dividing household chores with the husband, and satisfaction about working environment were associated with the lack of planning for childbirth in female workers in the 1st survey year. Satisfaction about dividing household chores with the husband, family-work conflict, and satisfaction about the potential for personal development were associated factors in the 3rd survey year. Finally, family-work conflict, satisfaction about employment stability, and satisfaction about job task at work were associated factors in the 5th survey year. Conclusion: It is important to know the measures focusing on the lack of planning for childbirth, and hence these factors can be improved by assessing in general, family, and occupational characteristics. Additionally, employer policies regarding women employees who are pregnant or have children at home need to be reviewed.

복지용구 전문가 양성을 위한 교육과정 내용구성에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Construction of Curriculum Content for Training Assistive Product Specialist)

  • 조미림
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제19권12호
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    • pp.441-450
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 복지용구 전문가 양성 교육과정을 개발하고 복지용구 전문가 교육과정의 전문적인 기준을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 첫 단계로 복지용구 사업소 종사자, 병원 및 의료시설 종사자, 복지용구 관련 교육 강사, 복지용구 이용자를 대상으로 복지용구 전문가의 책무 영역별 작업 중요도와 교육 필요도에 관하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 요구분석 결과를 토대로 복지용구전문가 교과목(안)을 구성한 후, 교육과정(안)을 개발하였다. 복지용구 전문가 교과목(안)과 교육과정(안)은 5명의 전문가 패널의 델파이 방법을 통해 내용타당도를 검증받았다. 그 결과, 총 21개의 교과목(전공필수 17개, 전공선택 4개)과 총 44시간(전공필수 36시간, 전공선택 8시간)으로 구성된 복지용구 전문가 교육과정(안)이 개발되었다. 본 연구는 복지용구 전문가의 질적 양성을 위한 복지용구 전문가 교육과정의 내용을 체계적으로 구성하고자 한 점에서 그 의의를 가진다고 할 수 있다. 또한 본 연구를 통해서 복지용구 전문가 교육과정의 질적 향상과 전문성을 확보할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

작업현장 사고예방을 위한 위험인지 점검체크리스트 개발 (The Development of Inspection Checklist for Risk Recognition to Prevent Accidents at Worksites)

  • 임형덕;라지타 가우설야;김상훈;오영찬;이호용;남기훈
    • 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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    • 제25권5호
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    • pp.811-816
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    • 2022
  • Even though continuous management and supervision of reinforcement of policies to safeguard accidents at workplace and work sites were implemented. Accident prevention activities such as inspection and diagnosis are urgently required to induce a preliminary investigation to identify the risk factors for each type of work, before the work task to eliminate risks at the worksites. Since safety inspections at work sites were generally conducted through visual inspections, the results of safety inspections may vary depending on the findings and proficiency of the safety officers. The results of those inspections may have loopholes to prevent potential accidents at work. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a risk identification checklist that can effectively perform safety inspections to prevent accidents at work sites. This study initially analyzed the previously developed accident checklist to identify current complications and issues in safety checklists. Based on the findings of major industrial accidents over the past three years, the relationship between accident, workplace, and work type were analyzed refereeing the safety inspection standards. A risk recognition-checklist was developed to provide basic data on identifying risk factors, and inspection guidance at work sites. To prepare for potential accidents by identifying and taking countermeasures to mitigate the high risk and serious accidents at sites by the guidelines of the checklist. The developed inspection checklist has been practically used by experts at work sites to perform safety inspections, and it has been verified its suitability, and feasibility, to prevent or mitigate workplace accidents, including securing the safety and health of field workers. The role of the developed safety checklist has been considered effective at worksites.

청지각 훈련과 병행한 감각통합치료가 발달지연 아동의 감각처리, 시 지각 발달, 주의집중에 미치는 영향: 개별실험연구 (The Effects of Sensory Integration Intervention Combined With Auditory Perception Training on Sensory Processing, Visual Perception and Attention of Children With Developmental Delay: Single-Subject Design)

  • 박미영;임영명;김희
    • 대한감각통합치료학회지
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.66-79
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    • 2017
  • 목적 : 본 연구는 발달지연 아동에게 청지각 훈련과 병행한 감각통합 치료를 시행하여 감각처리, 시지각 발달, 주의집중에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 : 발달지연 및 의심소견을 보이는 아동 만 4~7세 아동 3명을 대상으로 2016년 11월부터 2017년 1월 까지 총 9주간 청지각 훈련과 감각통합치료를 병행하여 실시하고 평가 하였다. 개별실험연구방법(single subject research design)중 ABA' 설계를 사용하였으며, 기초선 1기간(A) 4회, 치료 1기간(B)15회, 기초선2 기간(A')4회로 총 23회기를 적용하였다. 시지각 능력은 기초선 A와 A'기간에 Korean Developmental Test Visual Perception-2(K-DTVP-2)를 통하여 측정하였고 감각처리능력은 감각프로파일(Sensory Profile)로 평가하였다. 주의집중 행동의 유지시간은 기초선 기간에 중재가 없는 상태에서 측정하였으며 중재 기간에는 매 중재 후 10분간 마무리 활동시 소근육 과제를 제공하여 비디오로 촬영하였고 등간기록법(interval recording)의 전간기록법을 사용하여 30초 간격으로 주의집중 발생을 평가하였다. 결과 : 청지각 훈련과 감각통합치료를 실시하기 전보다 후에 시지각 기능과 감각처리의 점수의 수치상 향상은 있었고, 주의집중에서는 A아동에게서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으나 B, C 아동은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론 : 청지각 훈련을 병행한 감각통합 치료가 발달지연 아동의 시지각 기능과 주의집중에 긍정적인 영향을 미친다고 결론짓기에는 한계가 있다. 그러나 일부 발달지연 아동에게서 주의집중의 유의미한 증진이 있었고 점수의 향상이 있었다. 향후 발달지연 아동에게 연구기간, 표준데이터를 제시할 수 있는 평가도구를 적용한다면 명확한 결과가 나타날 수 있을 것이다. 또한 주의집중 유도와 학습을 준비하기 위한 치료방법으로 청지각 훈련의 연구가 추가적으로 시행되어야 한다.

fMRI를 이용한 망간 노출 용접공의 운동수행에 따른 뇌 활성도 평가 (Cerebral Activity by Motor Task in Welders Exposed to Manganese through fMRI)

  • 최재호;장봉기;이종화;홍은주;이명주;지동하
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제37권2호
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    • pp.102-112
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    • 2011
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of chronic exposure by welders to manganese (Mn) through an analysis of the degree of brain activity in different activities such as cognition and motor activities using the neuroimaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The neurotoxic effect that Mn has on the brain was examined as well as changes in the neuro-network in motor areas, and the usefulness of fMRI was evaluated as a tool to determine changes in brain function from occupational exposure to Mn. Methods: A survey was carried out from July 2010 to October 2010 targeting by means of a questionnaire 160 workers from the shipbuilding and other manufacturing industries. Among them, 14 welders with more than ten years of job-related exposure to Mn were recruited on a voluntary basis as an exposure group, and 13 workers from other manufacturing industries with corresponding gender and age were recruited as a control group. A questionnaire survey, a blood test, and an fMRI test were carried out with the study group as target. Results: Of 27 fMRI targets, blood Mn concentration of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001), and Pallidal Index (PI) of the welder group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001). As a result of the survey, the score of the exposure group in self-awareness of abnormal nerve symptoms and abnormal musculoskeletal symptoms was higher than those of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05, respectively). In the correlation between PI and the results of blood tests, the correlation coefficient with blood Mn concentration was 0.893, revealing a significant amount of correlation (p<0.001). As for brain activity area within the control group, the right and the left areas of the superior frontal cortex showed significant activity, and the right area of superior parietal cortex, the left area of occipital cortex and cerebellum showed significant activity. Unlike the control group, the exposure group showed significant activity selectively on the right area of premotor cortex, at the center of supplementary motor area, and on the left side of superior temporal cortex. In the comparison of brain activity areas between the two groups, the exposure group showed a significantly higher activation state than did the control group in such areas as the right and the left superior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and cerebellum including superior frontal cortex and the right area of premotor cortex. However, in nowhere did the control group show a more activated area than did the exposure group. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to Mn increased brain activity during implementation of hand motor tasks. In an identical task, activation increased in the premotor cortex, superior temporal cortex, and supplementary motor area. It was also discovered that brain activity increase in the frontal area and occipital area was more pronounced in the exposure group than in the control group. This result suggests that chronic exposure to Mn in the work environment affects brain activation neuro-networks.

18F-FDG Whole Body PET/CT 수검자의 거리별 선량 변화에 따른 방사선 작업종사자의 유효선량 고찰: 환자 고유특성 및 응대시간 측면 (The Consideration of nuclear medicine technologist's occupational dose from patient who are undergoing 18F-FDG Whole body PET/CT : Aspect of specific characteristic of patient and contact time with patient)

  • 김성환;류재광;고현수
    • 핵의학기술
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.67-75
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    • 2018
  • 방사선 안전에 대한 관심과 염려가 전 세계적으로 점차 증가되고 있는 가운데, 의료 실무 현장에 종사하는 방사선 작업종사자의 외부피폭 관리 또한 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 특히, $^{18}F-FDG$WholeBodyPET/CT검사의 경우 높은 에너지의 방사성동위원소를 사용하므로 검사자의 피폭선량 저감화에 더욱 관심을 기울여야 한다. 따라서, 본 연구는 $^{18}F-FDG$ Whole Body PET/CT 수검자의 거리 별 외부선량률을 측정 및 분석하고, 방사선 작업종사자의 업무 행위 별 누적선량을 확인하여 피폭선량 저감화에 도움이 되는 주요한 요소를 알아보고자 한다. $^{18}F-FDG$WholeBody PET/CT검사를 받은 106명의 환자를 대상으로 검사 종료($75.4{\pm}3.3min$) 후 가슴을 기준 0, 10, 30, 50, 100 cm 거리에서 외부선량률을 측정하였다. 환자측면에서 외부선량률에 영향을 줄 수 있는 개별적 요인을 분석하기 위해 성별, 연령, BMI, 금식시간, 당뇨병 유무, 약물 투여정보, 크레아틴 수치 정보를 수집하였다. 수집된 정보의 통계분석은 ANOVA 분석 및 T-test를 시행하였다. 방사선 작업종사자 측면에서 피폭선량에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인을 분석하기 위해 주사 업무를 하는 3명의 직원($T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$)과 스캔 업무를 하는 3명의 직원($T_4$, $T_5$, $T_6$)에 각각 Personal pocket dosimeter를 착용시켜 업무시간 동안 누적된 선량을 기록하였다. 또한 방사선 작업종사자 별 응대시간을 측정하여 분석하였다. 각 거리 별 외부선량은 $246.9{\pm}37.6$, $129.9{\pm}16.7$, $61.2{\pm}9.1$, $34.4{\pm}5.9$, $13.1{\pm}2.4{\mu}Sv/hr$로 산출되었다. 환자측면에서, 근거리에서 성별, BMI, 선량, 크레아틴 수치에 의해 유의미한 차이가 있었지만, 거리가 증가할수록 그 차이는 감소하였다. 그 중 크레아틴 수치의 경우 100 cm에서 집단 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는 특징이 있었다. 환자 1명으로부터 받은 선량은 주사 업무를 하는 직원($T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$)의 경우 0.70, 1.09, $0.55{\mu}Sv/person$이었고, 스캔($T_4$, $T_5$, $T_6$)의 경우 1.25, 0.82, $1.23{\mu}Sv/person$이었다. 응대시간이 상대적으로 적은 $T_4$직원의 경우 $T_3$, $T_5$보다 34% 낮은 누적선량을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 환자와의 적정거리 유지와 응대시간 감소가 누적선량에 크게 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 위와 같은 점을 고려했을 때, 환자의 충분한 수분 섭취 및 배뇨, 방사선 작업종사자와 환자 간 적정거리유지(최소 100 cm이상) 및 응대시간 감소를 위해 노력해야 할 것이고, 환자의 video tracking system과 장비의 원격조정 등을 통해 피폭선량 저감화를 위해 노력해야 한다.

자동차 조립공정에서 공기압력식 진동공구의 국소진동평가 (Assessment of Vibration Produced by Pneumatic Hand Tools Used in Automobile Assembly)

  • 김선술;백남원
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 1996
  • This study was conducted at an automobile assembly line located in Kyonggi-do, Korea from January 16 to February 28, 1995. The purposes of this study were to assess worker exposures to hand-arm vibration and the performance of gloves for reduction of vibration. The exposure to vibration was measured using to the ISO 5349(1986) method. Vibration acceleration and frequency spectra for each tool were determined on-line replicating actual working conditions and analyzed together with exposure time for evaluating individual worker exposure. Eight pneumatic hand tools, 60 workers exposured to hand-arm vibration, and three pairs of gloves were involved in this study. Results are summarized as follows. 1. Dominant frequencies of vibration for all tools(n=8) measured in this study ranged from 250 Hz to 800 Hz. 2. There was no significant correleration between dominant frequencies and free running speed (p>0.05). 3. Total predicted exposure times of using impact, hammer type did not exceed 40 minutes, but metal finish task, using grinder and sander exceeded 40 minutes. Total exposure time affected significantly the frequency-weighted, 4 hr equivalent acceleration. 4. Predicted prevalence and observed exposure period data were compared in workers(n=60), according to ISO 5349. In this results, 23(50.0 %) and 24(48.07 %) persons exceeded the mean latency periods for vibration-induced white finger(VWF) at 10 % (n=46) and 50 % (n=52) standards, respectively. On the basis of ISO equation, mean latent periods for VWF were 3.23, 4.72 years at 10 %, 50 % standards, respectively. 5. Reduction of vibration by gloves was evaluated. Since impact pneumatic tools produced low frequency vibrations, conventional gloves did not provide any protection. Gloves A and C amplify somewhat the signal at frequency below 400 Hz; the attenuation increases progressively by frequency to reach 18 dB ($7.94{\times}10^{-6}m/s^2$) at 1,000 Hz, slightly worsening Glove B did not provide any protection and made the situation slightly worse. However, since they make the hands warm, the occurrence of vibration-induced white fingers may be reduced.

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Evaluation of Postural Load during Liquid Weight Measurement Process Using Ratio of Exposure Time

  • Lee, Sung-Koon;Park, Peom
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.445-453
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    • 2012
  • The aim of this paper was to prove that if the risk level in combined tasks was improved through evaluation of postural load of liquid weight measurement process, the workload level and ratio of exposure time would be changed, and the time of process would be seen concurrently. Background: According to results of epidemiological studies conducted by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, 122 musculoskeletal disorders occurred during 1992 to 2008, in which manufacturing industry covers 96(78.7%) of total. However, this is an insufficient level and only occupies 39% based on the South Korea's manufacturing standard industrial classification(246 industries). Method: Firstly, the number of batches weighed on one day(460min) was investigated based on the work performed and Weight measured weekly. VCR recording was taken based on the level of liquid ingredients prescribed for 1batch using the Camcorder. After dividing a 356 sec video into 1 sec using the screen capture function in Gom player, the job classification was performed by analyzing the change of working postures, which revealed 148 working postures. Time measurement was decided by time of the postures was being maintained. Then, the REBA analysis was performed for the working postures. The ratio of Exposure time was calculated based on the measurement time and REBA Score. In addition, the recommendations were designed and implementation was carried out for the working postures with REBA Score higher than 3. Finally, after the intervention, REBA measurement, time measurement, and ratio of exposure time were calculated for the comparison of works before and after improvement. Results: The number of work elements was decreased by 30.4% from 148 to 103 after improvement. The results of time measurement showed that the time was reduced by 46.3% from 356 sec to 191 sec. And the ratio of exposure time was also improved by 52.1% from 0% to 52.1% after improvement. Conclusion: The reduction of time was found to improve the productivity of management. Furthermore, because the reduction of ratio of exposure time and the improvement of workload level are the improvement of discomfort, it would contribute to the improvement of the worker's psychological working posture. Application: These results would contribute to musculoskeletal disease prevention and management performance. Further studies for other industries would be needed based on this case study.

The Effects of Coordinated Upper-limb Postures of Back, Shoulder, and Elbow Flexion Angles on the Subjective Discomfort Rating, Heart Rate, and Muscle Activities

  • Kong, Yong-Ku;Lee, Soo-Jin;Lee, Kyung-Suk;Seo, Min-Tae
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.695-703
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    • 2011
  • Objective: This study was to investigate the effects of coordinated upper-limb body postures on the subjective discomfort rating, heart rate, and muscle activities. Background: Although generally many checklists such as OWAS, RULA, and REBA were applied to evaluate various body postures, the body postures were might be overestimated or underestimated because each body part(i.e., back, shoulder, and elbow etc.) was evaluated separately, and then added all rates of individual body parts to assess an overall risk level for the body posture in these methodologies. Methods: A total of 20 participants maintained 14 postures which were combinations of back, shoulder, and elbow flexion angles and then muscle activities, subjective discomfort, and heart rates were collected every three minute during a sustained 15 minute and 0.5kg weight holding task. Four muscle groups were investigated: erector spine, anterior deltoid, upper trapezius, triceps brachii. Results: Results showed that subjective discomfort was the lowest when the angle of back and shoulder were both $0^{\circ}s$, while the body posture with $45^{\circ}$ of back angle and $45^{\circ}$ shoulder angle was rated as the most subjective discomfort posture. In general, the subjective discomfort ratings increased as back and shoulder flexion angles increased. It was noted that, however, the subjective discomfort of body posture with a $45^{\circ}$ back angle and $45^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angle was lower than that of body posture with a $0^{\circ}$ back and $45^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion angle. The research findings of heart rates and muscle activities showed similar results for the analyses of subjective discomfort ratings. Conclusions: The possible limitations of the current ergonomics evaluation techniques which assessing a body posture with summing all body part score after individually analyzed in this study. Based on the analyses of subjective discomfort, heart rate, and muscle activities, it was recommended that a use of effects of coordinated upper-limb body postures would be considered when one evaluates work-load for various working postures. Application: These findings can be used for developing a more accurate assessment checklist for working posture as well as preventing musculoskeletal disorders of workers in workplaces.

도시철도 기관사의 직무스트레스 원인 특성에 관한 연구: 대전, 대구, 인천, 서울9호선 운영회사를 대상으로 (A Study on the Cause of Job Stress of Urban Railroad Drivers: Focused on Railroad Companies of Daejeon, Daegu, Incheon and Seoul Metro 9)

  • 박태수;이진선;김홍기
    • 한국철도학회논문집
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.340-347
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    • 2013
  • 본 논문은 도시철도 운영회사 중 대전, 대구, 서울9호선, 인천에 근무하는 기관사들의 직무스트레스 원인을 크게 임무(보직), 정신적, 신체적, 외부 환경적 등 네 가지 원인으로 나누어 알아보았다. 임무(보직)에 관련된 내용으로는 기관사의 직업에 대한 강한 책임의식의 발현으로 직업과 적성이 일치함을 알 수 있었으며, 대부분의 기관사가 바람직한 직업관과 긍지를 갖고 헌신적으로 일하는 분위기를 알 수 있었다. 하지만, 정신적인 원인과 신체적인 원인의 스트레스를 확인해 보면 수면 부족, 과제에 대한 부담감, 육체적인 피로, 무료한 일상 등에서 나타났으며 기관사의 불규칙한 근무여건과 부동적인 자세로 정시운행의 중압감, 규칙적이지 못한 식생활습관 등이 스트레스의 수치를 높게 만드는 근원이라 볼 수 있다. 또한, 외부 환경적 원인으로 살펴 보면, 사고장애로 인한 불안도가 심하여 약 4배에 가까운 반응을 보이고, 인사제도나 임금책정 관련 문제 역시 기관사의 직무스트레스 변화와 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있다.