• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.119-140
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was based on the occurrence of a coffee roasting process-related disorder(bronchiolitis obliterans; published by NIOSH in the US) among workers exposed to chemicals called diacetyl in a coffee processing facility. Flavorings added to coffee contain diacetyl and 2,3-pentanedione, all of which are subject to exposure in a number of food manufacturing processes, including coffee roasting, grinding, and packaging. Therefore, this study aims to review the toxicity to workers related to food processing and food additive manufacturing to prevent occupational diseases. Methods: We surveyed the related literature, domestic and international references, and the status of relevant domestic and foreign professional organizations. The present situation of workers was investigated by reviewing literature on the safety and health of workers in the coffee roasting process using domestic and foreign literature and presentations. Expert advisory opinions were reflected, and experts were consulted by participating in domestic and overseas academic conferences. Results: Most of the fragrance materials for coffee were harmful and hazardous substances according to the GHS classification, and research was carried out through a second external consultation. A literature review on the measurement of air pollutant emissions from coffee roasters and the estimation of air pollutant emissions during coffee roasting examined the characteristics of pollutants emitted during coffee roasting. Conclusions: Two chemicals identified as causing bronchiolitis obliterans in the coffee roasting process are believed to explain why the disease is difficult to treat. This information can be used effectively in the future prevention of this disease. Future studies should clearly identify the potential for toxicity of alpha-diketones and the bases of OELs in relation to the occurrence of obstructive bronchiolitis, including measurement of various organic compounds and alpha-diketones from ground coffee, as well as various coffee grinds and coffee bean varieties. In particular, it is necessary to clarify the current understanding of the dose-response relationship between alpha-diketone and lung disease in workers involved in coffee roasting.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.611-615
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• 2002

진폐증은 광물성 분진의 흡입에 의하여 야기되는 폐의 섬유성 변화에 의한 질환이다. 진폐증은 폐에 분진의 축적과 그에 의한 조직의 반응에 의하여 야기되는 것으로 정의되며, 이러한 분진은 대기중의 고형이며 비유기성의 입자라고 생각되어 지고 있다. 상기 질환은 특히 개발도상국의 직업병중 가장 흔하고 중요한 질환이다. 상기 질환의 임상적인 진단하려면 세 가지 조건이 충족되어야 한다: 1) 이학적 검사가 바탕이 되며 임상적으로 증명되는 직업적인 과거력 ; 2) 예전 단순흉부방사선과의 비교 ; 그리고 3) 상기 질환의 진행에 소요되는 시간적 추이에 대한 정확한 이해. 대부분의 진폐증은 매우 느리게 진행하고 임상양상이 나타나기까지는 적어도 수 개월에서 수 년이 걸리기도 한다. 대개의 진폐증은 단순흉부방사선에서 1cm 미만의 다발성의 작고 둥근 결절로 나타나게 된다. 58세의 여자 환자에서 진폐증이 특징적인 직업력이나 분진에 노출된 과거력이 없는 상태에서 우상엽에 $5{\times}4{\times}3$cm크기의 고립성 폐결절로 나타난 진폐증을 우상엽 절제술로 치료하였기에, 본 교실에서는 상기 임상례를 간략한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2023

Objectives: Work environment assessments were conducted to investigate epidemiologically several cases of lung cancer and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) among workers in domestic quarries. Methods: We visited three quarries in South Korea where an epidemiological investigation was requested and measured total dust, respirable dust, and crystalline silica on rock drilling workers (4 people) and rock chipping workers (13 people). Measurement and analysis were conducted according to NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health) method 0500, NIOSH method 0600 for respirable dust, and NIOSH method 7500 for crystalline silica. Results: Among rock drilling workers the AMs (arithmetic mean) of total dust concentrations, respirable dust concentrations, and crystalline silica concentrations were 3.462 mg/m³ (range: 0.764~6.085 mg/m³), 0.613 mg/m³ (range: 0.153~1.251 mg/m³), and 0.105 mg/m³ (range: 0.012~0.228 mg/m³), respectively. Among rock chipping workers, the AMs of total dust concentrations, respirable dust concentrations, and crystalline silica concentrations were 2.446 mg/m³ (range: 0.156~8.494 mg/m³), 0.488 mg/m³ (range: 0.028~1.536 mg/m³), and 0.099 mg/m³ (range: 0.004~0.274 mg/m³), respectively. Conclusions: Although it cannot be said that the dust concentrations were high for both rock drilling workers and rock chipping workers, the concentrations of crystalline silica were found to be high. If such work is performed for a long period of time, diseases such as lung cancer and COPD may occur, so the work environment needs to be improved.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder that's characterized by accumulation of surfactant components in the alveolar space. Idiopathic PAP is recognized as an autoimmune disease that's due to impaired alveolar macrophage function and this caused by autoantibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We report here a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis that was deemed interstitial lung disease at the initial diagnosis. A 61-year-old man presented with intermittent blood tinged sputum and dyspnea on exertion. The man was a painter for 30 years and he had a 10 pack-years smoking history. Chest computerized tomography (CT) revealed multifocal ground-glass opacity with interstitial thickening at both lungs. His pulmonary function tests and methacholine test revealed non specific results. He was diagnosed with interstitial lung disease on the basis of the chest CT finding and occupational history. However, seven months later, his symptoms progressed. Follow-up chest CT was performed. Wedge resection via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (the anterior basal segment of the left lower lobe) was done. Microscopic examination showed large groups of alveoli with excessive amounts of surfactant and a complex mixture of protein and lipid (fat) molecules. Finally, he was diagnosed as having pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.310-320
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• 2014

Backgrounds: Endotoxin, which found in the outer membrane of the gram-negative bacteria cell wall, makes up almost all of the lipopolysaccharide(LPS). When people are exposed to endotoxin,it can result in diverse health effects such as an airway irritation and inflammation, fever, malaise, bronchitis, allergic asthma, toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity lung disease. Cases among the elderly, children or pregnant can occur more frequently than a healthy adult if they are repeatedly exposed to the existing endotoxin. Therefore, we investigated and assessed the environmental characteristics associated with the airborne endotoxin concentration level in six hospital lobbies. Method: Endotoxin from indoor air in six hospital lobbies was measured by an area sampling method and analyzed according to American Society for Testing and Materials International(ASTM international) E2144-01. Total suspended particulate(TSP), carbon dioxide($CO_2$), temperature and humidity were also measured by using direct reading measurements or airborne sampling equipment at the same time. Environmental characteristics were appropriately divided into two or three groups for a statistics analysis. One-way analysis variable(one-way ANOVA) was used to examine a difference of the endotoxin concentration, depending on the environmental characteristics. In addition, only variables with p-value(p<0.25) were eventually designed to the best model by using multiple regression analysis. Results: The correlation analysis result indicated that TSP(p=0.003) and $CO_2$(p<0.0001) levels were significantly associated with endotoxin concentration levels. In contrast, temperature(p<0.068) and humidity(p<0.365) were not associated with endotoxin concentration. Levels of endotoxin concentration were statistically different among the environmental characteristics of Service time(p=0.01), Establishment of hospital(p<0.001), Scale of hospital(p=0.01), Day average people using hospital(p=0.03), Cleaning time of lobby(p=0.05), Season(p<0.001), and Cleaning of ventilation system(p<0.001) according to ANOVA. Finally, the best model(Adjusted R-square=72%) that we designed through a multiple regression test included environmental characteristics related to Service time, Area of lobby, Season, Cleaning of ventilation system, and Temperature. Conclusions: According to this study, our result showed a normal level of endotoxin concentration in the hospital lobbies and found environmental management methods to reduce the level of endotoxin concentration to a minimum. Consequently, this study recognized to be requirement for the management of ventilation systems and an indoor temperature in order to reduce the level of endotoxin concentration in the hospital lobbies.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.670-676
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• 2004

유독성 물질의 흡인은 화학성 폐렴을 유발하며 이는 직업성 폐질환의 한 원인이다. 질산은 흔한 대기 오염물질의 한가지이고 작업장에서 사용되는 강력한 산화제로 직업적 노출의 가능성이 있다. 52세 남자 환자가 질산을 이용한 에어컨 도관 세척작업 중에 발생한 증기의 흡입 후 기침, 호흡곤란을 호소하며 병원에 방문하였다. 내원 당시 호흡수 분당 26회였고, 산소 투여 없이 시행한 동맥혈 가스분석에서 $PaO_2$ 42.6 mmHg, $SaO_2$ 80.2%로 저산소혈증이 나타났으며, 흉부 방사선 검사에서 양측폐야에 미만성 폐침윤과 젖빛유리 음영이 나타났다. 환자는 전신적인 스테로이드를 사용하지 않고, 보존적인 치료만으로 입원 2일째부터 임상적인 증상과 방사선 사진의 호전이 있었고 퇴원 후 폐기능의 손상 없이 호전되었기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2021

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제 8기 원시 자료를 활용하여 65세 이상 2,701명의 정상 노인과 만성질환 노인의 활동 제한에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하기 위해서 복합표본 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 만성질환 노인이 정상 노인보다 활동 제한을 느낀다고 조사되었다. 뇌졸중, 고혈압 환자의 활동 제한 요인으로는 주관적 건강 상태, 경제 수준, 스트레스 인지 정도, 중강도의 일과 여가이다. 심장질환 환자의 활동 제한 요인으로는 주관적 건강 상태, 경제 수준이었으며, 관절질환 환자의 활동 제한의 요인으로는 주관적 건강 상태, 고강도의 일과 여가이다. 폐 질환 환자의 활동 제한요인으로는 교육 수준, 고강도의 일과 여가이며, 내분비계 환자의 활동 제한의 요인으로는 주관적 건강 상태, 스트레스 인지 정도, 고강도의 일과 여가이며, 암 환자의 활동 제한의 요인으로는 주관적 건강 상태, 스트레스 인지 정도, 중강도의 일과 고강도의 여가이다. 만성질환 노인의 지속적인 활동 참여를 위한 재활프로그램과 정책적 지원이 필요하다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2011

Purpose: This study measured the burden of disease in Korea related to outdoor air pollution using disability-adjusted life year (DALY). Materials and Methods: As a risk factor of outdoor air pollution, particulate matter with a diameter less than 10 ${\mu}m$($PM_{10}$) was used. First, $PM_{10}$-related diseases and their relative risk (RR) were selected by means of a literature review. Second, population attributable fractions were computed by using formulae including RR and population exposure to $PM_{10}$. Third, DALYs of $PM_{10}$-related diseases in Korea were estimated. Finally, the attributable burden of disease due to $PM_{10}$ was measured as the sum of the products that multiplied the DALYs of $PM_{10}$-related diseases by their population attributable fractions. Results: The disease burden of PM10 was 6.9 DALY per 1,000 persons in 2007. The attributable burden of $PM_{10}$ was 2.68 for lung cancer, 2.41 for COPD, 0.62 for ischemic heart disease, 0.61 for pneumonia, 0.55 for asthma, and 0.03 for preterm. Conclusions: This study showed the environmental burden of disease of $PM_{10}$ and burden of $PM_{10}$-related disease through objective data. It also suggested that active efforts are needed to continuously measure and reduce the burden of environmental diseases in Korea.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 1999년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.73-73
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• 1999

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.731-736
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• 2015

Background: Little is known about the news coverage of cancer risk factors in Korea. This study aimed to examine how the news media encompasses a wide array of content regarding cancer risk factors and related cancer sites, and investigate whether news coverage of cancer risk factors is congruent with the actual prevalence of the disease. Materials and Methods: A content analysis was conducted on 1,138 news stories covered during a 5-year period between 2008 and 2012. The news stories were selected from nationally representative media in Korea. Information was collected about cancer risk factors and cancer sites. Results: Of various cancer risk factors, occupational and environmental exposures appeared most frequently in the news. Breast cancer was mentioned the most in relation to cancer sites. Breast, cervical, prostate, and skin cancer were overrepresented in the media in comparison to incidence and mortality cases, whereas lung, thyroid, liver, and stomach cancer were underrepresented. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this research is the first investigation dealing with news coverage about cancer risk factors in Korea. The study findings show occupational and environmental exposures are emphasized more than personal lifestyle factors; further, more prevalent cancers in developed countries have greater media coverage, not reflecting the realities of the disease. The findings may help health journalists and other health storytellers to develop effective ways to communicate cancer risk factors.