• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.773-783
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify foot shapes of Korean male farmers by classifying their foot types using 3D scan data and analyzing the characteristics of each type. Background: The increasing demands for anthropometric information for the design of machinery and personal protective equipment to prevent occupational injuries has necessitated an understanding of the anthropometric differences to be found among occupations. Static stooped posture and squatting posture are so common in Korean farmers that anthropometric deformation in foot especially seems to occur easily. Method: 366 Korean male farmers volunteered for this study from 16 different farming villages nationwide from 2009 to 2011. Subjects were categorized into 4 age groups from 40s to 70s. Their right feet were measured by using 3D foot scanner, the anthropometric dimensions were composed of 40 items. Results: The 8 major factors affecting the foot shapes were extracted. From these factors the foot shape of Korean male farmers was classified into 3 Foot types. Foot type 1 showed severe deformation in toe 1, type 2 had a narrow shape and type 3 had a wider width for its length. Conclusion: There were some differences in foot shape and types between farmers and the public. The most characteristic foot type in Korean male farmers was type 3. Application: The results of identifying foot shapes of Korean male farmers might provide the useful information for designing ergonomic farm work shoes.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.178-185
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• 2012

In Korea, researches on the exposure assessment of the hand-transmitted vibration started from the mid-90, however, they were performed in the limited industries such as auto-assembly plants and the evaluation of the vibration was mostly conducted by ISO 5349(1986). Therefore, it was necessary to assess hand-transmitted vibration levels of workplace such as ship building/repairing industry or mining industry where occupational injuries are largely occurred and to evaluate the vibration levels using revised ISO 5349(2001). The SVAN 949 Four Channels Sound & Vibration Analyser was used for the measurement. The workers using a chain saw were exposed to $1.7{\sim}2.8m/s^2$ of daily vibration level. Workers using a rock drill in a coal mining were exposed to the highest vibration acceleration among workers and the levels were $7.1{\sim}10.8m/s^2$. Vibration levels of grinders were different according to the types of grinders. The hand-transmitted vibration of 3 types of grinders were measured and the levels were $3.3{\sim}11.1m/s^2$. Workers using a impact wrench were exposed to $1.5{\sim}1.6m/s^2$ of vibration. Out of 20 kinds of machines, only 4 tools provided the information of vibration acceleration on the instructions. In addition, the current condition of workplaces to control vibration was not much different from the past because there are no vibration exposure limit.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 1991

Musculoskeletal disorders are a major cause of occupational disabilities. Approximately thirty percent state that the major reason for an inability to work is a musculoskeletal problem. A farm work is associated with increased stress and trauma to joints. Chronic overuse injuries are a result of stresses that exceed the body's adaptive or healing capabilities. They can occur in bone, tendons and muscle-tendon-bone junctions. The aim of the investigation was to the study the frequency of pain, ache, and discomfort in the musculoskeletal system among farmers, to find possible correlations between these symptoms and various working positions and different working actions. A questionnaire was answered by 138 farmers. Of those who answered the questionnaire 82% had pain and discomfort from back, shoulders, arms in orders, The result showed that musculoskeletal pain predominate in the farming seasons, and of those who had pain and discomfort 89% thought that farm works had a correlation with the pain and discomfort of musculoskeletal system. But only 17% of quationnaire were put to periodic medical examinations, and 50% of those who had pain and discomfort consulted a doctor. Education in effective pain treatment should therefore be intensifide to ascertain that farmers in rural areas have satisfactory knowledge of the musculoskeletal pain as a chronic overuse syndrome.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.342-366
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• 2002

An excessive Q-angle has been implicated in the development of knee injuries by altering the lower-extremity locomotion kinematics. The purpose of this study was measured the Q-angle and the CTA when the foot moves pronation and supination of the foot in the standing status. The participants of this examination were 60 adult(30 men and 30 women) who had no orthopaedic and neurological impairment, aged between 20 and 40years. The foot tilt(FT 1)is made of acrylic plate and the slope of the suface is altered as $0^{\circ}$, pronation ($10^{\circ},20^{\circ},30^{\circ}$)and supination($10^{\circ},20^{\circ},30^{\circ}$). The results were as follows : 1. The result about the left/right Q-angle and the left/right CAT There was no statistical significant difference between the left and the right side of the Q-angle with different position of the foot(P > 0.05). While significant difference in the left CTA at the $0^{\circ}$, pronation($10^{\circ},20^{\circ},30^{\circ}$) and supination($10^{\circ},20^{\circ}$) has been observed(P < 0.05). 2. The result about the Q-angle and the CTA between male and female There was significant difference in the Q-angle between male and female with different position of the foot(P < 0.05). while significant different in the right CTA at the $0^{\circ}$ pronation ($20^{\circ}$)(P < 0.05), no significant difference in the left CTA have been observed(P > 0.05). 3. The result about correlation between the left/right Q-angle and the left/right CAT There was statistical significant positive correlation between the left/right Q-angle and the left/right CAT with the different position of the foot(P < 0.01).

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine firefighters' work-related accident rate and investigate the factors affecting their on-site safety. Methods: We developed a web-based self-reported questionnaire designed to inquire into firefighters' work-related accident experience and the factors (4M; Man, Machine, Media, Management) affecting firefighters' on-site safety. We distributed questionnaires to all members of firefighting organizations in South Korea by e-mail and 9,149 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 23.1%. Results: Fifteen point seven percent of the respondents reported work-related injuries within the past one year, and 35.1% answered that current accident investigation reports are not helpful for preventing the same accident from recurring. Among the 4M factors, the one most affecting firefighters' on-site safety in the order of priority is the Man factor, followed by Machine, Media, and Management. However, the results from detailed sub-categorical factors showed some differences. 'Lack of human resources', one of the Management factors, was the most influential (70.3%), followed by 'worn-out equipment' under the Machine factor (67.2%). The viewpoint of elements of the Man factor including 'forgetting instructions' and 'fatigue and illness' were significantly different according to firefighters' rank. The higher the firefighter's rank, the more they answered 'forgetting instructions,' while the opposite was the case for 'fatigue and disease'. Conclusions: The present firefighters' accident investigation report needs to be improved, and the 4M method could prove very useful. In addition, it is necessary to set up a proper firefighters' accident investigation and prevention system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1984

A retrospective study has been made of 170,026 cases of motor vehicle accidents which had been reported to the National Police Headquarters of Republic of Korea, 1983. Also a study has been made of 264 cases of road traffic casualties who were treated at the Eul-ji General Hospital from Jan. 1, 1983 to Dec. 31, 1983. This study was conducted to find out the nature and pattern of the traffic accidents from the clinical and epidemiological view points. In additions, the modes of injury from the road accidents were persued which might help to reduce the traffic accident rate. The results of the study were summarized as follows; 1. In this study, the highest incidence was in the age group between $21{\sim}30$ years (21.29%). And the age group of highest death rate was under 10 years (7.28%). 2. In the comparison of sexual differences, male was dominated in accidents number and death rate. (Casualty rate; 61.66%). 3. In the comparison of each hour differences, the accident was mostly occured during afternoon from 16:00 to 18:00(12.23%). 4. The most common day of week was Sunday (14.74%). 5. The most common season of year was Autumn (27.92%). 6. In the comparison of occupational differences, the high incidences were showed in labor men (31.06%) and business men (12.12%). 7. In the comparison of accidental vehicles, the most common vehicle were cars and the next were trucks and buses. 8. The most common mechanism of accidents was collision (57.41%). 9. In the comparison of clinical differences, orthopaedic and neurosurgical injuries were most common types of the hospitalized casualties. 10. In the comparison of anatomical fracture sites, the most common site was tibia (15.81%) and the next site was femur (12.56%).

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.590-602
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to prevent asphyxiation of firefighters during confined space rescue. The specific purpose was to identify the magnitude of the problem, identify the cause of the accidents, and suggest measures to ensure safety of confined space rescues. Methods: We collected data from National Fallen Firefighters Memorial, press releases, and other sources In order to identify the current situation of asphyxiation incidents among firefighters from 1945 to 2019. In addition, an incident investigation was conducted for each case, and the processes, causes, and control measures of the incidents were described as a narrative data entry. Results: Over the past 73 years, eight incidents involving firefighter in Korea have occurred. In these incidents, five firefighters were killed, and eight were injured. The confined spaces incidents occurred were water supply tanks, wastewater treatment tanks, pickling pits, septic tanks, and more. The causes were three cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning, one of oxygen deficiency, one of carbon monoxide poisoning, and three unclassifiable asphyxiations. The people in need were all workers in various industries. Conclusions: The number of firefighters' deaths and injuries during rescues in confined spaces was severe and the risks have not been completely eliminated. By establishing and implementing a precise incident investigation system, according control measures should be initiatedin order to prevent a recurrence of the same type of disaster and reflected in the SOP. In particular, due to the high risk of occurrence at workplaces, cooperation between fire and rescue authority and relevant agencies such as the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the KOSHA should be strengthened.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.296-308
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• 2009

이인자의 연구에 따르면 우리나라 조리사 수는 120만 명을 넘는다. 그럼에도 조리사 환경과 관련된 연구는 찾아보기 어렵다. 그렇지만 현재 조리사들이 작업 현장에서 신고 있는 신발을 조사하여 보기로 하였다. 대부분의 조리 작업 현장에서 일어나는 사고의 유형은 신고 있는 신발에서 기인한 것으로 보고, 본 연구는 조리 종사원들이 작업 환경에 적합한 신발에 관한 연구로서 본 신발을 개발함으로써 조리 현장에서 일어나는 미끄럼 등과 같은 잠재 위험에서 조리 종사원들을 보호하고 피로감을 줄여 업무 효과를 높이려는데 그 목적이 있다. 조리화에 대한 연구가 없기 때문에 조리 종사원들이 현재 신고 있는 안전화를 네 가지 요소에 중점을 두고 실험하였다. 이 네 가지 요소 실험을 바탕으로 무게와 미끄러움 정도, 인열 강도, 박리 강도를 실시한 결과에 따라 새롭게 만들어질 조리화에 대한 기준을 제시하였다. 그 결과로서 조리화의 무게는 체중에 1% 내외로 만들어져야 하며, 미끄러짐 저항도는 0.50 $\mu$, 인열 강도는 50.0 N/mm, 박리 강도는 3.0 kg/cm의 기준치를 제시하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1561-1572
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• 2016

The ability to handle materials from one location to another, whether during transit or at the worksite is vital to all segments of industry. To varying degrees, many personnel in numerous workplaces take part in materials handling. Consequently, some employees are injured. In fact, rigging & slinging is a dangerous work using a crane and sling equipment to carry a cargo and the mishandling of materials is the single largest cause of accidents and injuries in the workplace. The majority of accidents associated with cranes and other lifting appliances are caused by faulty slinging, overloading, unbalanced loads, etc. which result in the load falling or tipping out of control, causing injury to people, damage to plant, machinery and the load. Therefore, recognizing the dangers of the works, there are much technical support including skill training in various institutes to minimize accidents during works on land. Although rigging work at sea is much dangerous than on land work because it needs to take account of the movements of the ships and waves, etc. in addition to land based rigging hazards, it is insufficient in appropriate actions that can improve the safety of the workers at sea. Therefore, this study suggested a rigging and slinging course for seafarers to improve their safety at sea by researching hazards and risk of rigging works and related skill training conducted on land.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

최근 화학공장에서는 대형 폭발사고 등이 주로 유지 보수의 정비 시에 많이 발생되고 있다. 정비 시에 효과적인 재해예방을 하기 위해서는 핵심대상을 찾는 것이 매우 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 재해예방의 핵심요인을 찾기 위해 핵심대상으로 화학설비를 선정하였고, 화학설비별로 위험순위도를 정하여 재해예방의 대책을 세우는 우선순위를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구방법으로 화학설비의 종류는 재해분석을 통하여 찾고, 화학설비별 위험도는 재해분석을 통해 가능성인 재해빈도와 중대성인 재해강도의 근로손실일 수를 기준하여 산정하였다. 또한 화학설비별로 전문가들의 지식과 경험을 바탕으로 한 지식기반 기법에 의한 가능성과 중대성 자료를 활용하여 위험도를 산정하였다. 연구결과, 화학공장의 정비 시에 재해예방을 위해 화학설비별 위험순위는 반응기, 건조기, 탱크로리 등의 순위로 나타났다. 이 결과로부터 화학공장의 정비 시에 재해예방을 위해 위험순위에 따른 각별한 대책과 주의를 기울여야 할 것으로 사료된다.