• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.827-832
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• 2006

Occupant classification and position detection have been significant research areas in intelligent safety systems in the automotive field. The detection and classification of seat occupancy open up new ways to control the safety system. This paper deals with a novel algorithm development, hardware implementation and testing of a prototype intelligent safety system for occupant classification and position detection for in-vehicle environment. Borland C++ program is used to develop the novel algorithm interface between the sensor and data acquisition system. MEMS strain gauge hermatic pressure sensor containing micromachined integrated circuits is installed inside the passenger seat. The analog output of the sensor is connected with a connector to a PCI-9111 DG data acquisition card for occupancy detection, classification and position detection. The algorithm greatly improves the detection of whether an occupant is present or absent, and the classification of either adult, child or non-human object is determined from weights using the sensor. A simple computation algorithm provides the determination of the occupant's appropriate position using centroidal calculation. A real time operation is achieved with the system. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the implemented prototype is robust for occupant classification and position detection. This research may be applied in intelligent airbag design for efficient deployment.

• 센서학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2009

This paper describes the algorithm development of a new body pressure detection sensor for occupant classification system. U.S. Government has required that advanced airbag system should be installed to every automobiles after 2006 according to FMVSS 208 regulation. Therefore, Occupant Classification System should be provided the passenger with safety in order to protect the infants or children that sit in the front passenger seat. When an occupant sits on the chair of the vehicle, deployment of the airbag depends on passenger's weigh distribution and postures. Authors have been developed a new pattern recognition of passenger and weight distribution at the same time by Force Sensing Resistor for the safety.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.53-56
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• 2002

A new generation of the BMW child seat and occupant detection system SBE2 far a smart airbag system is described. The SBE2 system consists of two subsystems: OC (Occupant Classification) and FDS (Field Detection System). The OC system is a force sensitive sensor array that measures a pressure profile. The FDS system detects child seat and occupant according to the change of electrical field generated by four capacitive plates. Combining the signals from both subsystems, the BMW SBE2 system can distinguish fully automatically between a child seat and a person.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2006

According to the United States FMVSS 208, every passenger car on the market after September of 2006 must install a safety system, which can deploy the airbag with different intensity or suppression based on the passenger type, to reduce infant and child injuries from airbag deployments. The Weight Classification System, which has been developed by Hyundai Autonet, is a system that classifies the person occupying the passenger seat. To overcome sensing problems due to the weight sensors small voltage, the Distributed Systems Interface is adopted.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2016

In order to comply with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard(FMVSS) No. 208 that has been in force since September 2003, an automatic airbag suppression system has become an essential option for detecting and protecting infants and children seated in the front passenger seat of vehicles in the U.S. market. MOBIS has developed the world's first weight-based OCS under the name NWCS. NWCS is composed of two sensors and ECU. It is sub-packaged in order to minimize the seat structure deviation. In this paper, technical features, robustness and performance of NWCS are summarized and discussed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2014

Objective: The present study is intended to objectively classify upper- & lower-body sitting strategies and identify the effects of gender and OPL type on the sitting strategies. Background: A sitting strategy which statistically represents comfortable driving posture can be used as a reference posture of a humanoid in virtual design and evaluation of a driver's seat. Although previous research has classified sitting strategies for driving postures in various occupant package layout (OPL) types, the existing classification methods are not objective and the factors affecting sitting strategies have not been identified. Method: Forty drivers' preferred driving postures in three different OPL types (coupe, sedan, and SUV) were measured by a motion capture system. Next, the measured driving postures were classified by K-means cluster method. Results: Sitting strategies of upper-body were classified as erect (33%), slouched (41%), and reclined (26%) postures, and those of lower-body were classified as knee bent (42%), knee extended (32%), and upper-leg lifted (26%) postures. Significant differences at ${\alpha}$ = 0.05 in the upper-body sitting strategy by gender and lower-body sitting strategy by OPL type were found. Application: Both the classified sitting strategies and the identified factors would be of use in ergonomic seat design and evaluation.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2013

1968년 우리나라 소방법이 제정된 이래 최근에는 건축물이 초고층화 및 초심도 등 환경적으로 급변하고 있다. 이러한 환경적 변화에 따른 소방력의 적절한 대응은 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 그 중에서 소화수원은 소방력의 근원이 되는 매우 중요한 인자이다. 이에 중국, 일본, 미국의 소방법을 통하여 우리나라의 소화수원공급 시간 및 소화수원을 비교하였으며 각 수계소화시스템에 대해 건축물 용도, 면적, 층수 그리고 위험 급별로 소화수 유량(flow rate), 소화수 공급시간, 소화수원량 등을 비교하였다. 본 연구는 중국, 일본, 미국 주변국가의 소화수원 산정 기준을 비교하여 우리나라의 소화수원 기준이 이 국가들과 비교해 다른 점과 유사한 점은 무엇이며 장, 단점에 대해 조사했다. 주변 국가들을 통해 우리나라의 소화수원 기준이 국제적으로 어떤 위치에 있는지 확인할 수 있었으며 이를 통해 보다 발전된 소화수원 기준에 대한 발전적 제안을 한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.321-331
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• 2018

본 연구는 거주자의 생활안전도를 연구하기 위한 기초 단계로서, 대학교 인근 원룸촌을 대상으로 거주자 의식조사 및 현장조사 등을 통해 대학가 원룸촌의 생활안전요소를 도출하고, 문제점 및 해결방향을 건축계획적 차원에서 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 선행연구 결과 거주공간의 진입로 등 넓은 범위의 외부공간에 대한 생활안전 관련 연구나 실제 제도는 상대적으로 미흡하였다. 의식조사 결과, 거주공간의 생활안전 환경에 가장 심리적 영향을 미치는 요소는 보행로와 같은 외부공간의 환경이 거주지의 생활안전성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 거주지 외부공간의 생활안전 기능요소는 건축 계획적 차원에서 크게 거주자 감시, 동선유도와 영역 구분, 외부의 공적 공간 활용, 쾌적한 환경 유지 등의 4개 유형으로 분류할 수 있으며, 이러한 요소는 건물 진입 공간뿐만 아니라 보행로나 기타 오픈스페이스 등 보다 넓은 범위의 공간에도 적용될 수 있다. 셋째, 대학가 원룸촌의 외부공간을 조사 분석한 결과, 보행로 같은 외부공간의 생활안전 환경이 거주인구와 원룸 건축물이 가장 많은 구역에서 매우 열악한 것으로 나타났다.