• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare microleakage and marginal hybrid layer in class V restorations using two one-bottle adhesives and one self-etching adhesive. Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were pre-pared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=30) and restored with three adhesives and composites: Single Bond/Filtek Z-250 (Group 1), Prime&BondNT/Esthet.X (Group 2), UniFil Bond/UniFil F (Group 3). For microleakage, samples were stored in room temperature water for 24 hours, thermocycled stained with 2% methylene blue dye, sectioned into halves, scored and analysed using Mann-whitney test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. For marginal hybrid layer, samples were sectioned into halves, treated with 10% phosphoric acid for 5 seconds, stored in 5% NaOCL solution for 24 hours, dried and gold coated. Occlusal and gingival margins of each sample were inspected under SEM. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Microleakage at the occlusal margins was not evident in group 1 and group 2, but it showed in group 3 (p<0.05). 2. Microleakage in group 1 and group 3 was significantly lower than in group 2 at gingival margins (p<0.05). 3. Microleakage at gingival margins was greater than at occlusal margins in group 1 and group 2, but microleakage at occlusal margins was greater than at gingival margins in group 3 (p<0.05). 4. In group 1 and group 2, no gaps at occlusal margins showed. But gaps showed in group 3. Occlusal margins were free from a hybrid layer in all groups 5. The thickness of the marginal hybrid layers was 2.5~5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick in group 5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick in group 2 and 1.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick in group 3. 6 There was no corelation between microleakage and thickness of marginal hybrid layer. In coclusion, the effect of dentin adhesives on microleakge in class V composite restorations was excellent when one-bottle adhesives were applied on enamel margin, and it was good when a self-etching adhesive was applied on dentinal margin. There was no corelation between microleakage and thickness of marginal hybrid layer.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was evaluated the marginal microleakage of two different adhesive systems before and after aging with two different dye penetration techniques. Materials and Methods: Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 48 human molars. Clearfil SE Bond and Single Bond (self-etching and etchand-rinse systems, respectively) were applied, each to half of the prepared cavities, which were restored with composite resin. Half of the specimens in each group underwent 10,000 cycles of thermocycling. Microleakage was evaluated using two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) dye penetration techniques separately for each half of each specimen. Data were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 (SPSS Inc.), using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: The difference between the 2D and 3D microleakage evaluation techniques was significant at the occlusal margins of Single bond groups (p = 0.002). The differences between 2D and 3D microleakage evaluation techniques were significant at both the occlusal and cervical margins of Clearfil SE Bond groups (p = 0.017 and p = 0.002, respectively). The difference between the 2D and 3D techniques was significant at the occlusal margins of non-aged groups (p = 0.003). The difference between these two techniques was significant at the occlusal margins of the aged groups (p = 0.001). The Mann-Whitney test showed significant differences between the two techniques only at the occlusal margins in all specimens. Conclusions: Under the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the 3D technique has the capacity to detect occlusal microleakage more precisely than the 2D technique.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.217-227
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal leakage of esthetic restorative materials according to the filling method in class V cavities. 60 cavities were prepared on buccal surface for dye penetration test and divided into 5 experimental groups according to the filling methods of esthetic materials: group 1 was filled with glass ionomer cement, group 2, 3 and 4 were filled with the chamfer, knife edge and butt joint shaped glass ionomer cement respectively and silux plus/scotchbond 2$^{(R)}$ by sandwich technique, group 5 was lined with Dycal$^{(R)}$ and filled with silux plus/scotchbond 2$^{(R)}$ by bulk filling technique. All the specimens were then thermocycled in a range of $4^{\circ}C-60^{\circ}C$ by and immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 24 hours, and sectioned mesiodistally with carborundum disk into two parts under water spray. All the specimens were observed at the occlusal and gingival margins and statistical analysis was performed. The obtained results were as follows : 1. At the occlusal margins, group 2, 3, 4 and 5 showed less marginal leakage than group 1 (p<0.05) and there were not significant differences among group 2, 3, 4, and 5. 2. At the gingival margins, group 5 showed the least marginal leakage and group 4 and 5 showed less marginal leakage than group 1, 2 and 3 (p<0.05). 3. In the laminated groups, group 4 showed less marginal leakage than group 2 and 3 at the gingival margins. 4. In comparison to the occlusal and gingival margins, all groups showed less marginal leakage at the occlusal margins than at the gingival margins (p<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.702-709
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• 1997

To compare the marginal leakage of CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic inlay, gold inlay and amalgam, forty extracted caries-free premolars were prepared with Class II MO cavity design. The teeth were divided into four groups of ten samples each. Group 1 was restored with CAD/CAM-fabricated ceramic inlays cemented with Scotchbond Resin Cement / Scotchbond Multi-purpose plus. Group 2 was restored with gold inlays cemented with Scotchbond Resin Cement / Scotchbond Multi-purpose plus. Group 3 was restored with gold inlays cemented with zinc phosphate cement. And, Group 4 was restored with amalgam. All samples were thermocycled, and stored in 1 % methylene blue. Marginal leakage was examined at four margins, that is, occlusal distal, priximal gingival, occlusal facial and occlusal lingual margins from sectioned samples under stereomicroscope(x15). The results were as follows : 1. Group 1 and 2 showed no statistically significant difference among marginal leakage at all four examined margins(p>0.05). 2. Group 3 and 4 showed significant marginal leakage at proximal gingival margin compared with other margins(p<0.05). 3. Significantly increased marginal leakage at priximal gingival, occlusal facial and occlusal lingual margins in group 3 were observed compared with other groups (p<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2005

본 연구는 복합레진을 광조사하기 전과 광조사한 후에 표면 전색제인 Biscover를 적용하여 이들에 대한 변연 미세누출을 평가하고, 또한 표면 전색제를 적용하지 않는 복합레진 수복물과의 미세누출 차이를 비교하기 위하여 시행하였다. 30개의 발거된 대구치의 협면 치경부에 5급 와동을 형성하여 다음과 같이 3개의 군으로 분류하였다; 대조군은 복합레진 표면에 Biscover를 적용하지 않은 군, 1군은 복합레진을 광조사하고 마무리한 후 Biscover를 적용한 군, 2군은 복합레진을 광조사하지 않고 Biscover를 적용한 군. 각 군의 시편은 실온의 증류수에 48시간 동안 보관한 후 $5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$에서 1,000회의 열 순환을 시행하고 2% methylene blue용액에 4시간 동안 침적시켰다. 20배율의 광학 입체현미경 하에서 각 군의 교합면측과 치은측 변연의 색소침투 정도를 관찰하여 미세누출 점수를 얻은후, 각군 간의 유의성을 검정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 2군은 1군보다 교합면측과 치은측 변연 모두에서 높은 미세누출을 보였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다 (p > 0.05). 2. 대조군은 교합면측 변연에서 1군과 2군보다 약간 높은 미세누출을 보였으며 , 치은측 변연에서 1군보다 약간 높게 그리고 2군과 비슷한 미세누출을 보였다 (p > 0.05). 3. 대조군과 2군은 교합면측 보다 치은측 변연에서 통계학적으로 높은 미세누출을 보였으며 (p < 0.05), 1군은 교합면측과 치은측의 변연 미세누출 간에 통계학적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 본 연구를 종합하면, Biscover는 중합된 복합레진 표면에 적용할 경우 치은측 변연의 미세누출을 감소시키는데 효과적이었다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

Newley developed dentin bonding system which contains self-etching primer performed the removing of smear layer and etching procedure at once. So, it make possible more simple and shorter working time, the stronger bonding strength than conventional dentin bonding system. Cavities were prepared in the buccal and lingual surface of 30 extracted primary molars, and randomly assigned into three equal groups of 10 each. All cavities were filled with Z-100 composite resin following manufacturer's specifications after priming of three different dentin bonding system. Specimens stored for 7 days in 37 degree C water, thermocycled for 1000 cycles between 5 degree C and 55 degree C, immersed in 50% silvernitrate solution for 24 hours, and embedded in resin before being sectioned longitudinally. Data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Mac-Bond II and Clearfil Linear-Bond II showed less microleakage at the occlusal and gingival margins compared to Scotchbond Multi Purpose. All dentin bonding systems showed significantly less microleakage at the occlusal margins compared to the gingival margins. But, there were no significantley difference between each group.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.5-19
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to observe the microleakage of composite resin filling using several glass ionomer cements. The Class V cavities of eighty noncarious human molars were prepared at the cementoenamel juction on the facial and lingual surfaces of each tooth with a No.330 carbide bur in a high speed handpiece. The cavity dimensions were $3.0{\pm}0.5mm$ wide, $2.0{\pm}0.5mm$ high, and $1.5{\pm}0.5mm$ deep and all enamel cavosurface margins were beveled with a No.558 carbide bur in low speed handpiece. The bevel was approximately $45^{\circ}$ and 0.5-1.0mm in width. A total of the 160 cavities was divided into four groups, and then 144 cavities among them were three experimental groups and remaining sixteen cavities were control group. All of the prepared cavities were restored as follows: group 1 : Preparations were restored with there three glass ionomer cements. group 2 : Preparations were restored with a composite resin with three glass ionomer cement bases placed $0.2{\pm}0.1mm$ short of the cavosurface margin. group 3 : Preparations were restored with a composite resin with three glass ionomer cement bases extened to the cavosurface margin. group 4 : As control group, preparations were restored with a composite resin, PALFIQUE. The specimens were then thermocycled in a range of $6^{\circ}C-60^{\circ}C$ and immersed in a bath of 2.0% aqueous basic fuchsin solution for 24 hours. Dye penetration was read on a scale of 0 to 4 by Tani and Buonocore's method. The following conclusions were derived from the results obtained; 1. All groups showed significantly more leakage at the gingival margins than at the occlusal margins(p<0.0005). 2. At the gingival margins, group 1 showed less leakage than group 3(p<0.01) and group 4(p<0.0005), while group 3 exhibited less leakage than group 2(p<0.01) and group 4(p<0.0005). 3. At the occlusal margins, group 4 showed less leakage than group 3(p<0.1) and group 1(p<0.005), while group 3 exhibited less leakage than group 2(p>0.1) and group 1(p<0.025).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of restorative materials on the marginal leakage of wedge-shaped class V cavity. The study was performed in vitro in 25 defect-free permanent, extracted teeth. Wedge-shaped class V cavities were prepared and then the teeth were randomly selected and restored according to the following. Group A : restoration with Tetric Ceram(composite resin) Group B : restoration with Tetric flow(flowable resin) Group C : restoration with Compoglass after acid etching(compomer) Group D : restoration with Compoglass(compomer) Group E : restoration with Fuji II LC improved(resin-modified GIC) After thermocycling, the specimens were immersed in 5% basic fuchsin solution for 6 hours and sectioned longitudinally through the center of the restoration. The degree of marginal leakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration under the stereomicroscope. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA. When significant differences found, multiple comparisons were made using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results were as follows: 1. The occlusal margins of all groups except for Fuji II LC improved showed lesser leakage than gingival margins and there was statistically significant difference(p<0.05). 2. At the occlusal margins, group A, B showed same marginal leakage scores, and others were decreased as group C, D, E in that order. There were statistically significant difference between group A, Band group D, E, group C and group E(p<0.05). 3. At the gingival margins, group B, C showed same marginal leakage scores, and others were decreased as group A, D, E in that order. But there was statistically significant difference between group B, C and group E(p<0.05). 4. In the Compoglass restoration, acid-etching technique was beneficial for marginal sealing ability at all of margins. But there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). In the restorations for wedge-shaped class V cavities, resin restoration with acid etching technique is recommended.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.191-205
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of class II composite resin inlays and compare them with the conventional light-cured resin filling restorations. Class II cavities were prepared in 60 extracted human molars with which cervical margins were located below 1.0mm at the cemento-enamel junction using No. 701 tapered fissure carbide bur. All of the prepared cavities were restored as follows and divided into 6 groups. Group I and 2 were restored using direct filling technique and group 3,4,5 and 6 were restored using direct inlay technique that was cemented with dual-cured resin cements. group I: Cavities were restored with light-curing composite resin, Brilliant Lux. group 2. Cavities were restored with light-curing composite resin, Clearfil PhotoPosterior. group 3: Cavities were restored with Clearfil CR Inlay and heat treated at $125^{\circ}C$ for 7 minutes. group 4: Cavities were restored with same material as group 3 and heat treated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. group 5: Cavities were restored with Brilliant (Indirect esthetic system) and heat treated at $125^{\circ}C$ for 7 minutes. group 6: Cavities were restored with same material as group 5 and heat treated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. All specimens were polished with same method and thermocycled between $6^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$, then immersed in a bath of 2.0% aqueous solution of basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours. Dyed specimens were sectioned longitudinally and dye penetration degree was read on a scale of 0 to 4 by Tani and Buonocore's method 45). The results were as follows: 1. Microleakage was observed rather at the cervical margins than at the occlusal margins in all groups. 2. Composite resin inlay groups showed significantly less leakage than direct filling groups at the cervical margins (p < 0.001). 3. In composite resin inlay groups, there was no significant difference in microleakage between specimens by heat treating temperature and time (p > 0.05). 4. There was no significant difference in leakage between each groups at the occlusal margins (p > 0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 5급 복합레진 수복물에 각종 레진 전색제를 적용한 후, 수복물의 교합면측과 치은측 변연 미세누출에 대한 레진 전색제의 감소효과를 평가하기 위하여 시행하였다. 40개의 발거된 대구치의 협면 치경부에 5급 와동을 형성하고 복합레진을 충전한 후, 사용된 레진 전색제에 따라 다음 과 같이 4개의 군으로 분류하였다; 복합레진 표면과 변연부에 레진 전색제를 적용하지 않은 대조군, 복합레진 표면과 변연부에 각각 레진 전색제를 적용한 Fortify Plus 군, BisCover 군 및 PermaSeal 군으로 분류하였다. 각 군의 시편을 실온의 증류수에 24시간 동안 보관한 후, $5^{\circ}C$와 $55^{\circ}C$에서 1,000회의 열 순환을 시행하고 2% methylene blue 용액에 4시간동안 침적시켰다. 각 치아는 저속의 diamond disk 를 이용하여 각 수복물의 중앙부를 따라 협, 설 방향으로 양분 하고 20배율의 광학 입체현미경 하에서 각각 교합면측과 치은측 변연 미세누출을 평가하였다. 각 군의 교합면측과 치은측 변연 미세누출에 대한 유의성을 검정을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교합면측 변연 미세누출은 사용된 레진 전색제 간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 2. 치은측 변연 미세누출은 대조군과 Fortify Plus 군이 PermaSeal 군보다 통계학적으로 높게 나타났으며, 또한 Fortify Plus 군은 Biscover 군보다 통계학적으로 높은 변연 미세누출을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 3. 대조군과 Fortify Plus 군은 교합면측 보다 치은측 변연에서 통계학적으로 더 높은 미세누출을 나타내었다 (p < 0.05). 4. BisCover 군과 PermaSeal 군은 교합면측과 치은측의 변연 미세누출 간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구를 종합하면, 5급 복합레진 수복물의 교합면측 변연 미세누출에 대한 레진 전색제의 감소효과는 크게 나타나지 않았지만, 치은측 변연 미세누출에 대한 레진 전색제의 감소효과는 사용된 레진 전색제에 따라 서로 다르게 나타났다.