• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2005

The microstructure and mechanical property of the Ni and Ni-Cr porous metal reinforced AC4C matrix composites fabricated by squeeze casting were investigated. In this study Ni, Ni-Cr porous metals which are estimated to be easy to fabricate by squeeze casting are used as strengtheners for composite materials. As a matrix material, Al-7wt.%Si-0.3wt.%Mg(AC4C) has been used. In case of Ni/AC4C and Ni-Cr/AC4C composite, $750^{\circ}C$ melt temperature and minimum 25MPa squeezing pressure are needed to produce sound composite materials. The observation of interfacial reaction zone at various heat treatment condition shows that atsolutionizing temperature of above $520^{\circ}C$, the interfacial reaction zone increases proportionally with heat treatment time and the reaction products formed by interfacial reactions are mainly composed by $Al_{3}Ni$ and $Al_{3}Ni_{2}$ phases.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.3274-3278
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• 2013

$CF_2Cl{\cdots}Cl$, an elusive photo-isomer of $CF_2Cl_2$, has been observed in matrix IR spectra from the precursors exposed to radiation from laser ablation of transition-metals. Other plausible products, $CFCl_2{\cdots}F$ and $FClC{\cdots}F-Cl$ are not detected due to their considerably higher energies. Parallel to its previously reported analogues, the C-X bonds are considerably stronger than those of the reactant, and particularly the Cl atom that is weakly bound to the residual Cl atom forms an unusually strong carbon-halogen bond. NBO analysis reveals that the C-Cl bond is a true double bond, and the weak $Cl{\cdots}Cl$ bond is largely ionic, $F_2C=Cl^{\delta+}{\cdots}Cl^{\delta-}$. IRC computation reproduces smooth inter-conversion between the reactant and product, and the transition state is energetically close to the product, consistent with its prompt disappearance in the early stage of photolysis.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2001

Most of mold manufacturing procedures have been automated by the introduction of NC machine tool and CAD/CAM system. But the three-dimensional surface curvature of the mold must be done by hand work of well-skilled workers. Magnetic abrasive polishing powders were investigated for surface polishing for 3D curvature. This study aims to investigate homogeneously distributed hard phase in Fe matrix and strong bonding between Fe-matrix and hard phase. The NbC powder, $B_4C$ powder and $Al_2O_3$ powder were mixed in Fe-matrix respectively. Mixed Fe-hard phase powders were compacted by press and then these were melted by plasma melting. According to SEM, XRD and OM observation, Fe-NbC magnetic abrsive powder had the most homogeneous distribution and strong bonding. As a result of magnetic polishing, the surface roughness before magnetic polishing, 1 ${\mu}m$ $R_{max}$, was reduced to 0.2 ${\mu}m$ $R_{max}$ over the entire inner surface of the tube.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.249-264
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• 2019

In this study, the precise orbit determination (POD) software is developed for optical observation. To improve the performance of the estimation algorithm, a nonlinear batch filter, based on the unscented transform (UT) that overcomes the disadvantages of the least-squares (LS) batch filter, is utilized. The LS and UT batch filter algorithms are verified through numerical simulation analysis using artificial optical measurements. We use the real optical observation data of a low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite, Cryosat-2, observed from optical wide-field patrol network (OWL-Net), to verify the performance of the POD software developed. The effects of light travel time, annual aberration, and diurnal aberration are considered as error models to correct OWL-Net data. As a result of POD, measurement residual and estimated state vector of the LS batch filter converge to the local minimum when the initial orbit error is large or the initial covariance matrix is smaller than the initial error level. However, UT batch filter converges to the global minimum, irrespective of the initial orbit error and the initial covariance matrix.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2008

본 논문은 레이다 표적 인식에서 레이다 산란신호에 대한 3차원 산란점 추출을 위한 고해상도 기법에 대해 기술하고 있다. 또한, 3차원 산란점 추출에서 신호의 극점을 획득하기 위해 3차원 짝 맞춤 절차를 소개하고 있다. 짝 맞춤 절차는 기존의 일반적인 방법보다 더 정확하고 견고한 특징을 가지고 있다. 3차원 산란점을 추출하기 위해서는 우선 주어진 3차원 레이다 산란 데이터로부터 상호 분산 행렬을 생성해야 한다. 그리고 matrix pencil 기법을 이용하여 3차원 산란점을 추출한다. 본 논문에서 MSSP를 이용하여 상호 분산 행렬을 생성하였으며, 관측 행렬은 sparse scanning order conception 방법을 이용하여 만들었다. 제시한 기법의 성능을 보여주기 위해서 본 논문에서는 이상적인 점 산란체를 생성하여 이에 대한 결과를 보여주고 있다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.1713-1721
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• 1994

Intermetallic-matrix composites(IMCs) have the potential of combing matrix properties of oxidation resistance and high temperature stability with reinforcement properties of high specific strength and modulus. One of the major limiting factors for successful applications of these composite at high temperatures is the formation of interfacial reactions between matrix and ceramic reinforcement during composite process and during service. The purpose of the present investigation is to develop a better understanding of the nature of creep fracture mechanisms in a $Ni_{3}Al$ composite reinforced with both $TiB_{2}$ and SiC particulates. Emphasis is placed in the roles of the products of the reactions in determining the creep lifetime of the composite. In the present study, creep rupture specimens were tested under constant ranging from 180 to 350 MPa in vacuum at $760^{\cric}C$. The experimental data reveal that the stress exponent for power law creep for the composite is 3.5, a value close to that for unreinforced $Ni_{3}Al$. The microstructural observations reveal that most of the cavities lie on the grain boundaries of the $Ni_{3}Al$ matrix as opposed to the large $TiB_{2}/Ni_{3}Al$ interfaces, suggesting that cavities nucleate at fine carbides that lie in the $Ni_{3}Al$ grain boundaries as a result of the decomposition of the $SiC_{p}$. This observation accounts for the longer rupture times for the monolicthic $Ni_{3}Al$ as compared to those for the $Ni_{3}Al/SiC_{p}/TiB_{2} IMC$. Finally, it is suggested that creep deformation in matrix appears to dominate the rupture process for monolithic $Ni_{3}Al$, whereas growth and coalescence of cavities appears to dominate the rupture process for the composite.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2002

MVDR (Minimum Variance Distortionless Response) 빔형성 기법은 간섭신호의 영향을 최소화하는 기법으로서 방위각 분해능은 우수하나, 높은 주파수 분해능을 얻기 위해서는 오랜 시간 동안 관측한 많은 양의 데이터가 필요하다. 짧은 빔출력 시간에 높은 주파수 분해능을 얻기 위해 기존의 SW (Steered Minimum Variance) 기법에서는 조향 공분산행렬 (steered covariance matrix)을 이용하여 전체 주파수 대역에 대하여 동일한 적응 가중벡터 (adaptive weighting vector)를 사용한다. 본 논문에서는 각 주파수별로 보다 정확한 적응 가중벡터를 얻기 위해 전체 대역을 여러 개의 부대역 (subband)으로 나누고, 각 부대역에 대한 적응 가중벡터를 얻는 SSMV(Subband Steered Minimum Variance) 기법을 제안한다. 연산량과 부대역의 크기를 줄이기 위해 전체배열을 여러 개의 부대열 (subarray)로 나누고, 각 부대역별로 적응 가중벡터를 구한다. 제안한 SSMW 기법의 성능을 확인하기 위해 실제 해상실험 데이터를 이용하여 신호처리를 하였으며, 그 결과 제안한 기법의 우수한 성능을 확인하였다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.40-49
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 단어 인식 시스템의 성능 개선을 위하여 다음과 같은 두가지 방법을 제안한다. 첫번째 방법은 VQ 코드간의 천이를 안정화시키기 위하여 음성신호의 특징벡터 시퀀스에 관성을 적용하는 방법이고, 두번째 방법은 이산 HMM 모델에서 인접 프레임 간의 시간 상관성을 고려하기 위하여 VQ 코드의 천이행렬을 출력 심벌의 관측확률에 가중치로 이용하여 새로운 관측확률을 발생하는 방법이다. 특징벡터 시퀀스에 관성을 도입함으로서, SOFM상의 각 단어에 대한 반응경로에서 확률분포가 중첩되는 것을 억제하여 HMM의 상태천이를 안정화 시킬 수 있다. 기존의 이산 HMM에 VQ 코드의 천이행렬을 가중치로 적용함으로써, 특징벡터의 확률분포를 더욱 세분화하고, 특징분포를 적당한 영역으로 제한함으로써 인식시스템의 성능을 개선할 수 있다. 제안한 방법을 평가하기 위하여 50개의 DDD 지역명을 대상으로 인식 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 결과에 의하면, 제안된 방법이 기존의 HMM 모델에 비해 화자종속 실험에서는 $4.2\%$의 인식률 향상과 화자 독립 실험에서는 $12.45\%$의 인식률 향상을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1995

다행관측행렬을 복원하는 기존의 알고리즘은 단일행의 복원방법인 Cholesky Factor Downdating(CFD) 을 이용하여 행렬 $Z^{T}$ 의 각 행을 순차적으로 복원하는 방법으로 필요한 실수연산의 횟수는 2/5 p $n^{2}$이다. 이에 비하여 본 논문에서 제안한 HCFD(Hybrid Cholesky Factor Downdating)기법은 p$\geq$n 인 크기의 다행관측행 렬 $Z^{T}$를 복원하는데 필요한 실수연산의 횟수가 p $n^{2}$＋6/5 $n^{3}$이다. HCFD 기법은 $Z^{T}$ 로부터 $Z^{T}$ = $Q_{z}$ RT/Z을 구하고, RT/Z에 대해 CFD 알고리즘을 적용함으로 필요한 시간복잡도를 크게 줄일 수 있다. 또한, HCFD 기법 과 기존의 CFD 기법을 Sun SPARC/2와 국산주전산기I에서 실험한 결과, HCFD 기법이 CFD기법에 비하여 성능이 우수함을 보여 주었으며, 특히 복원하려는 행이 많을 경우 에 HCFD기법이 CFD 기법에 비하여 성능이 크게 항상됨을 알 수 있었다.었다.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 1996년도 추계학술강연 및 발표대회 강연 및 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.6-6
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• 1996

Ceramic based nanocomposite, in which nano-sized ceramics and metals were dispersed within matrix grains and/or at grain boundaries, were successfully fabricated in the ceramic/cerarnic and ceramic/metal composite systems such as $Al_2O_3$/SiC, $Al_2O_3$/$Si_3N_4$, MgO/SiC, mullite/SiC, $Si_3N_4/SiC, $Si_3N_4$/B, $Al_2O_3$/W, $Al_2O_3$/Mo, $Al_2O_3$/Ni and $ZrO_2$/Mo systems. In these systems, the ceramiclceramic composites were fabricated from homogeneously mixed powders, powders with thin coatings of the second phases and amorphous precursor composite powders by usual powder metallurgical methods. The ceramiclmetal nanocomposites were prepared by combination of H2 reduction of metal oxides in the early stage of sinterings and usual powder metallurgical processes. The transmission electron microscopic observation for the $Al_2O_3$/SiC nanocomposite indicated that the second phases less than 70nm were mainly located within matrix grains and the larger particles were dispersed at the grain boundaries. The similar observation was also identified for other cerarnic/ceramic and ceramiclmetal nanocornposites. The striking findings in these nanocomposites were that mechanical properties were significantly improved by the nano-sized dispersion from 5 to 10 vol% even at high temperatures. For example, the improvement in hcture strength by 2 to 5 times and in creep resistance by 2 to 4 orders was observed not only for the ceramidceramic nanocomposites but also for the ceramiclmetal nanocomposites with only 5~01%se cond phase. The newly developed silicon nitride/boron nitride nanocomposites, in which nano-sized hexagonal BN particulates with low Young's modulus and fracture strength were dispersed mainly within matrix grains, gave also the strong improvement in fracture strength and thermal shock fracture resistance. In presentation, the process-rnicro/nanostructure-properties relationship will be presented in detail. The special emphasis will be placed on the understanding of the roles of nano-sized dispersions on mechanical properties.