• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.204-215
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• 2024

This study was designed to examine the effect of Lactilactobacillus curvatus LB-P9 on hair regeneration. The treatment of LB-P9 conditioned medium increased the proliferation of both hair follicle dermal papilla cells and hair germinal matrix cells (hGMCs). Moreover, the expression levels of hair growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor 7 were significantly elevated in hGMCs co-cultured with LB-P9. After time-synchronized depilation, mice were orally administered with either 4×10⁷ colony forming unit (CFU) of LB-P9 (low dose) or 4×10⁸ CFU of LB-P9 (high dose), once daily for 4 weeks. Compared with the vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline)-administrated group, the LB-P9-treated groups exhibited accelerated hair regrowth rate and enhanced hair thickness in a dose-dependent manner. Supporting this observation, both hair follicle numbers and the dermal thickness in skin tissues of the LB-P9-treated groups were increased, compared to those of the vehicle-treated group. These results might be explained by the increased level of β-catenin and number of hair follicle stem cells (CD34⁺ CD49f⁺ cells) in the skin tissues of mice administered with LB-P9, compared to the vehicle-treated mice. Also, increased serum levels of hair growth factors such as VEGF and insulin-like growth factor-1, and superoxide dismutase were found in the LB-P9-treated groups, compared to those of the vehicle-treated group. Taken together, these results might demonstrate that the oral administration of LB-P9 promotes hair regeneration by the enhancement of dermal papilla proliferation through the stimulation of hair growth factor production.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.114-120
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• 1994

넙치를 즉살하여 저장하는 경우에 저장 온도가 육의 파괴강도의 변화에 영향을 미치는 원인을 규명하기 위하여, 근원섬유의 형태학적인 변화 그리고 근육의 조직학적인 변화에 대하여 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 육의 파괴강도 변화는 $0^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 저장초기에 서서히 증가하여 저장 10시간후에 최대값을 나타내었으며, 그 후 저하 속도가 급하였다. 한편, $10^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 저장 기간을 통하여 육의 파괴강도의 증가는 거의 관찰되지 않았고, 저하 속도도 완만하였다. 2. 근원섬유의 형태학적인 변화는 즉살 직후에는 근절내의 A대, H대, I대 그리고 Z선이 확실히 구별되었다. $0^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 10시간후에 A대 중앙부의 H대의 구별이 확실하지 않았고, I대 간격이 좁아졌음이 관찰되었다. 한편 $10^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 15시간까지 H대의 흔적이 관찰되었다. 3. 근육의 조직학적인 변화는, 즉살 직후에는 세포와 세포사이의 간격이 전혀 관찰되지 않았으나, $0^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 15시간후에 전체의 세포 사이의 간격이 관찰되었다. 한편, $0^{\circ}C$ 저장에서는 24시간 후에 전체의 세포 사이의 간격이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 부터, 즉살 넙치를 $0^{\circ}C$의 저온에 저장시에 저장 초기에 육의 파괴강도가 증가하는 것은 myosin과 actin의 결합의 촉진에 의한 actomyosin toughness의 상승에 기인하며, 그 후 파괴강도의 저하는 세포와 세포를 연결시키는 collagen matrix의 취약화 때문으로 해석된다.단계에 이르렀고 찐어묵은 $4^{\circ}C$에서 20일, $15^{\circ}C$에서는 5일까지 저장성이 있었다.yptoxanthin의 함유비가 높은 반면, lutein의 함유비가 낮은 경향을 보여 서로 차이를 나타내었다. 2) 미꾸리 표피의 총 carotenoid함량은 천연산 $4.00mg\%$인데 비하여 양식산 $2.99mg\%$로서 미꾸라지에서와 같이 천연산이 양식산보다 함량이 높았다. Carotenoid조성은 천연산에서 lutein $32.9\%$, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin $18.8\%$, cynthiaxanthin $17.0\%$, ${\beta}$-carotene $15.1\%$로서 주성분을 이루고, 그 외 zeaxanthin $6.5\%$, tunaxanthin $6.0\%$, a-cryptoxanthin $1.5\%$의 순으로 함유되었으며, 양식산에는 lutein $51.8\%$, cynthiaxanthin $19.9\%$, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin $10.8\%$로서 주성분을 이루고, 그 외 ${\beta}$-carotene $5.0\%$, zeaxanthin $4.8\%$, tunaxanthin $4.5\%$, a-cryptoxanthin $0.2\%$의 순으로 함유되어,

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.126-139
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• 2014

In order to estimate the influence of sources on $PM_{2.5}$ in the industrial area of Japan, we carried out a source analysis using chemical component data of $PM_{2.5}$. $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected intermittently at an industrial area in Japan from July 2010 to November 2012. Water soluble ions ($Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO{_4}^{2-}$, $Na^+$,$NH_4{^+}$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$), elements (Al, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, Pb), and carbonaceous species (OC, EC) of the $PM_{2.5}$ (a total of 198 samples) were analyzed. Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was applied to the data of those chemical components to identify the source of $PM_{2.5}$. At this observation site, nine factors were extracted. The major contributors of $PM_{2.5}$ were secondary sulfate 1, in which loading factors of $SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ were large (percentage source contribution: 20.9%), traffic, in which loading factors of OC (organic carbon) and EC (elemental carbon) were large (20.8%), secondary sulfate 2, in which loading factors of K and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ were large (8.0%), steel mills (7.8%), secondary chloride and nitrate (7.0%), soil (5.0%), heavy oil combustion (3.8%), sea salt (3.8%), and coal combustion (2.3%). The conditional probability function (CPF) and the potential source contribution function (PSCF) were carried out to examine the influence of a regional source and a broad-based source, respectively. CPF results supported local source influences such as steel mills, sea salt, traffic, coal combustion, and heavy oil combustion. PSCF results suggested that ships in the East China Sea, an industrial area of the east coastal region of China, and an active volcano in the Kyushu region of Japan were potential regional sources of secondary sulfate 1. Secondary sulfate 2 was affected by the burning of biomass fields and by coal combustion in Chinese urban areas such as Beijing, Hebei, and western Inner Mongolia. Source characterization using continuous data from one site showed a potential source representing fossil fuel combustion is affected both by regional and broad-based sources.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.23-33
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• 1994

It is well known that dichlorvos (DDVP), an organophosphate insecticide in common use, is so easily and rapidly hydrolyzed and excreted that it has usually little toxic effect on human body. In these days, however, it is widely used as an industrial and domestic insecticide and as an anthelmintic agent for animals, so that the accident of chemical poisoning occurs frequently. DDVP acts as a powerful inhibitor of carboxylic esterase, which can cause accumulation of acetylcholine at the synapses so paralysis of muscle and the transmission failure in cholinergic synapses dueing to desensitization of acetylcholin receptor may occure. Moreover accumulation of the acetylcholine brings about the elevation of the cyclic-AMP, which alters the cellular metabolisms of nucleic acid, carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Present study has undertaken to investigate the cardiotoxic effect of DDVP by electron microscopic study. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley strain rats, weighing about 250gm were used as experimental animals. 2mg/kg/day of DDVP is intraperitonealy injected 3 times with intervals of every other day. On 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 14 days after drug administration, the animals were sacrified by cervical dislocation. Left ventricular cardiac muscles were resected and sliced into $1mm^3$. The specimens were embedded with Epon 812 and prepared by routine methods for electron microscopical observation. All preparations were stained with lead citrate and uranyl acetate and then observed with Hitachi-600 transmission electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. In the cardiac muscle of DDVP treated rats, mitochondria with disorganized double membrane and mitochondrial crista, and vacuole formation in mitochondrial matrix were observed. But structures of mitochondria were recovered to normal in 14 days group. 2. In the cardiac muscle of DDVP treated rats, cisternae of sarcoplasmic reticulum were dilated and sacculated. But these changes were recovered to normal in 14 days group. 3. In the cardiac muscle of DDVP treated rats, glycogen particles around damaged myofibrils were decreased. But amount of glycogen particles were restored in 14 days group. 4. In the cardiac muscle of DDVP treated rats, disruption and discontinuation of myofilaments and disorganization of Z-disc were observed. But the structures of myofibrils were recovered to normal in 14 days group. It is consequently suggested that DDVP would induce the reversible degenerative changes on the ultrastructures in cardiac muscle of rat.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2007

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a serine protease catalyzing the proteolytic conversion of plasminogen into plasmin, which is involved in thrombolysis. During last two decades, the role of tPA in brain physiology and pathology has been extensively investigated. tPA is expressed in brain regions such as cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum, and major neural cell types such as neuron, astrocyte, microglia and endothelial cells express tPA in basal status. After strong neural stimulation such as seizure, tPA behaves as an immediate early gene increasing the expression level within an hour. Neural activity and/or postsynaptic stimulation increased the release of tPA from axonal terminal and presumably from dendritic compartment. Neuronal tPA regulates plastic changes in neuronal function and structure mediating key neurologic processes such as visual cortex plasticity, seizure spreading, cerebellar motor learning, long term potentiation and addictive or withdrawal behavior after morphine discontinuance. In addition to these physiological roles, tPA mediates excitotoxicity leading to the neurodegeneration in several pathological conditions including ischemic stroke. Increasing amount of evidence also suggest the role of tPA in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis even though beneficial effects was also reported in case of Alzheimer's disease based on the observation of tPA-induced degradation of $A{\beta}$ aggregates. Target proteins of tPA action include extracellular matrix protein laminin, proteoglycans and NMDA receptor. In addition, several receptors (or binding partners) for tPA has been reported such as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) and annexin II, even though intracellular signaling mechanism underlying tPA action is not clear yet. Interestingly, the action of tPA comprises both proteolytic and non-proteolytic mechanism. In case of microglial activation, tPA showed non-proteolytic cytokine-like function. The search for exact target proteins and receptor molecules for tPA along with the identification of the mechanism regulating tPA expression and release in the nervous system will enable us to better understand several key neurological processes like teaming and memory as well as to obtain therapeutic tools against neurodegenerative diseases.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 1984

유혈목이에서 얻은 피낭유충을 생쥐(mouse)에 실험 감연시킨후 소장에서 수집한 Fibricole seoulensis 성충의 표피 메세구조를 주사전자현미경을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 1. 충체전반부는 자갈모양 원형질돌기(cobblestone-like cytoplasmic processes)로, 충체후반부는 손가락모양 원형질돌기(finger-like cytoplasmic processes)로 덮혀 있었다. 2. 전단 배면에는 상모양가시(spade shape spine)가 60∼70개 있었으며, 충체전반부에는 끝이 3∼4분지된 가시가 분포하고 있었는데, 특히 배면 전방 중앙부분에 밀집되어 있었다. 3. 구흠반 후면과 닥흡반에는 끝이 2∼3분지된 가시가 배열되어 있었다. Tribocytic organ 외면은 고사상으로 주름져 있었으며 stout recurved spine으로 무장되어 있었다. 충체후반부의 앞 1/3까지 끝이 분지되지 않은 가시가 발견되 었다. 4. 제 I형 감각유두(ciliated knob-like papilla)는 충체전반부 배면과 복면에 거의 과우대칭적으로 분포하였으며, 특히 구흡반, 복홈반, tribocytic organ 주위와 전반부의 외연에 밀집되어 있었다. 제 II형 감각유두(non-ciliated round swellings)는 구흡반과 복흡반의 외연(lip)에 각각 24개씩 배열되어 있었다. 제 III형 감각유두(plate-like elevation)는 충체후반부 전면에 걸쳐 분포하였다. 이 3가지 감각유두는 그 구조와 분포로 보아 tangoreceptor 혹은 rheoreceptor로 생각되었다. (이 연구를 진행하는데 정성을 다해 도와주신 서울대학교 의과대학 전자현미경실 이하규선생 과 강미숙양 그리고 좋은 사진을 찍을 수 있도록 배려해 주신 주식회사 한국 ISI이만희 사장님과 관계직원 여러분께 감사드립니다.)

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.364-370
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• 1987

본연구의 근간이 되는 기본적 가정은, (1) 식물냉해기작에서 2차과정은 반응성이 강한 $O_2^-$의 체내 축적이다. (2) $O_2^-$는 식물체가 저온(低溫)처리를 받고 있는 도중이 아니라 상온(常溫)으로 환원된 뒤에 축적되기 시작한다. (3) $O_2^-$의 축적은 미토콘드리아 막의 상전이가 야기한 세포대사(細胞代謝)$(glycolysis{\rightarrow}TCA\;cycle{\rightarrow}respiratory\;electron\;transport)$의 균형파괴에 기인 한다. 이와 같은 가정을 뒷받침할 수 있는 중요한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 $O_2^-$의 상대적(相對的) 수준(水準)을 측정하는 방법을 확립하였다. 저온처리를 받은 벼 유묘는 처리하지 않은 유묘보다 그 조직 추출액중의 $O_2^-$수준이 높게 나타났다. 48시간의 저온처리중에는 $O_2^-$의 축적이 거의 일어나지 않았으나, 상온(常溫)으로 환원시킨 후 축적되기 시작하여 약 8시간후에 최고치에 도달하였다. Model system을 이용한 연구 결과, 호흡기질을 공급했을 때 미토콘드리아 membrane(SMP)에서 $O_2^-$의 생성이 증가하였다. 효소적으로 발생시킨 $O_2^-$가 존재하는 조건하에서 미토콘드리아막의 전자전달 활성이 저해를 받았다. $O_2^-$의 축적이 최고치에 도달한 후 급격히 감소되는 사실이 관찰되었으며, 이는 Superoxide dismutase(SOD)에 의한 $O_2^-$의 dismutation 결과로 해석되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate changes in the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells in vitro after expression inhibition of T lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing factor 1 (Tiam 1) and underlying mechanisms. Methods: Using adhesion selection, two subpopulations with high ($M_H$) or low ($M_L$) invasive capacity were separated from the human gastric cancer cell line MKN-45 ($M_0$). Tiam 1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ASODN) was transfected into $M_H$ cells with liposomes, and expression of Tiam 1 mRNA and protein was determined by RT-PCR and quantitative cellular-ELISA. Changes in the cytoskeleton, invasive capacity in vitro and expression of ras-related $C_3$ botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac 1), integrin ${\beta}1$ and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) between Tiam 1 ASODN transfected $M_H$ cells and non-transfected cells were observed by HE staining, cytoskeletal protein staining, scanning electron microscopy, Boyden chamber tests and cyto-immunohistochemistry. Results: A positive correlation existed between the expression level of Tiam l mRNA or protein and the invasion capacity of gastric cancer cells. After ASODN treatment ($0.43{\mu}M$ for 48 h), Tiam 1 mRNA transcription and protein expression in $M_H$ cells were decreased by 80% and 24% respectively (P < 0.05), compared with untreated controls, while invasive capacity in vitro was suppressed by 60% (P < 0.05). Morphologic and ultrastructural observation also showed that ASODN-treated $M_H$ cells exhibited smooth surfaces with obviously reduced filopodia and microspikes, which resembled $M_0$ and $M_L$ cells. Additionally, cytoskeletal distribution dramatically altered from disorder to regularity with reduced long filament-like structure, projections, pseudopodia on cell surface, and with decreased acitn-bodies in cytoplasm. After Tiam 1 ASODN treatment, the expression of Rac 1 and Integrin ${\beta}1$ in $M_H$ cells was not affected (P > 0.05), but that of MMP 2 in $M_H$ cells was significantly inhibited compared with untreated cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Over-expression of Tiam-1 contributes to the invasive phenotype of gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of Tiam 1 expression could impair the invasive capacity of gastric cancer cells through modulating reconstruction of the cytoskeleton and regulating expression of MMP 2.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.220-233
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present new a model that allows the study of the bone healing process, with an emphasis on the biological behavior of different graft-to-host interfaces. A standardized "over-inlay" surgical technique combined with a differential histomorphometric analysis is presented in order to optimize the use of critical-size calvarial defects in pre-clinical testing. Methods: Critical-size defects were created into the parietal bone of 8 male Wistar rats. Deproteinized bovine bone (DBBM) blocks were inserted into the defects, so that part of the block was included within the calvarial thickness and part exceeded the calvarial height (an "over-inlay" graft). All animals were sacrificed at 1 or 3 months. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out within distinct regions of interest (ROIs): the areas adjacent to the native bone (BA), the periosteal area (PA) and the central area (CA). Results: The animals healed without complications. Differential morphometry allowed the examination of the tissue composition within distinct regions: the BA presented consistent amounts of new bone formation (NB), which increased over time ($24.53%{\pm}1.26%$ at 1 month; $37.73%{\pm}0.39%$ at 3 months), thus suggesting that this area makes a substantial contribution toward NB. The PA was mainly composed of fibrous tissue ($71.16%{\pm}8.06%$ and $78.30%{\pm}2.67%$, respectively), while the CA showed high amounts of DBBM at both time points ($78.30%{\pm}2.67%$ and $74.68%{\pm}1.07%$, respectively), demonstrating a slow remodeling process. Blood vessels revealed a progressive migration from the interface with native bone toward the central area of the graft. Osterix-positive cells observed at 1 month within the PA suggested that the periosteum was a source of osteoprogenitor elements. Alkaline phosphatase data on matrix deposition confirmed this observation. Conclusions: The present model allowed for a standardized investigation of distinct graft-to-host interfaces both at vertically augmented and inlay-augmented sites, thus possibly limiting the number of animals required for pre-clinical investigations.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.307-326
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• 2004

Statement of problem. The long-term success of implants is the development of a stable direct connection between bone and implant surface, which must be structural and functional. To improve a direct implant fixation to the bone, various strategies have been developed focusing on the surface of materials. Among them, altering the surface properties can modify cellular responses such as cell adhesion, cell motility and bone deposition. Purpose. This study was to evaluate the cellular behaviors on the surface-modified titanium by morphological observation, cellular proliferation and differentiation. Material and methods. Specimens were divided into five groups, depending on their surface treatment: electropolishing(EP) anoclizing(AN), machining(MA), blasting with hydroxyapatite particle(RBM) and electrical discharge machining(EDM). Physicochemical properties and microstructures of the specimens were examined and the responses of osteoblast-like cells were investigated. The microtopography of specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Surface roughness was measured by a three-dimensional roughness measuring system. The microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and scanning auger electron microscopy(AES). To evaluate cellular responses to modified titanium surfaces, osteoblasts isolated from neonatal rat were cultured. The cellular morphology and total protein amounts of osteoblast-like cell were taken as the marker for cellular proliferation, while the expression of alkaline phosphatase was used as the early differentiation marker for osteoblast. In addition, the type I collagen production was determined to be a reliable indicator of bone matrix synthesis. Results. 1. Each prepared specimen showed specific microtopography at SEM examination. The RBM group had a rough and irregular pattern with reticulated appearance. The EDM-treated surface had evident cracks and was heterogeneous consisting of broad sheet or plate with smooth edges and clusters of small grains, deep pores or craters. 2. Surface roughness values were, from the lowest to the highest, electropolished group, anodized group, machined group, RBM group and EDM group. 3. All groups showed amorphous structures. Especially anodized group was found to have increased surface oxide thickness and EDM group had titaniumcarbide(TiC) structure. 4. Cells on electropolished, anodized and machined surfaces developed flattened cell shape and cells on RBM appeared spherical and EDM showed both. After 14 days, the cells cultured from all groups were formed to be confluent and exhibited multilayer proliferation, often overlapped or stratified. 5. Total protein amounts were formed to be quite similar among all the group at 48 hours. At 14 days, the electropolished group and the anodized group induced more total protein amount than the RBM group(P<.05). 6. There was no significant difference among five groups for alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity at 48 hours. The AN group showed significantly higher ALP activity than any other groups at 14 days(P<.05). 7. All the groups showed similar collagen synthesis except the EDM group. The amount of collagen on the electropolished and anodized surfaces were higher than that on the EDM surface(P<.05).