• School Mathematics
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.435-461
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• 2002

In this paper I attempt to survey on the theories of observation and analysis of mathematics classroom discourse. In order to discuss applicability of the theories I look at preservice teachers' observation of mathe-matics classroom and teachers' conception of mathematics lesson. In examining reports from preservice teachers' I identify how they understand mathematics lesson and how the theories can enhance their understanding. Not surprisingly, there are lots of obstacles for teachers to practice mathe-matics educational theories. 1 find some features of their efforts or attempts to overcome the obstacles in an attempt to gain insights into alternative ways of concep-tualizing the methods of observation and analysis through the interview and the discussion with teachers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.137-146
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• 2012

This study introduced the concept of Primacy Effect for the analysis of the observation characters by time so as to analyze the characters of information which the users observing the lobby in a public space get when they encounter the space. From the viewpoint that the first impression on any space can motivate the judgement of space and continuous activities, the time range with the observation characters which can be regarded as Primacy Effect was analyzed in the aspects of continuity and saccade. First, with the case of alignment by time on three times of continuous observation, the perception attributes of subjects were shown to be very different among one another depending on which time range was applied for alignment. Second, the subjects with low average value of continuous observation times were found to be relatively stable in "ii~iii time ranges" and the time range of "0~5.10 seconds" was known to be the time range of relatively stable analysis for the characters of subjects' primacy effect to be analyzed. Third, the change of the amount of acquired information could be examined concretely through the analysis of observation attributes by time range, and the time range of "iii time range" showed more stable changing characters than other time ranges. Fourth, in the "iii time range" set up as a proper time range for the analysis of primacy effect had higher average value of 3.9 times of observation frequency compared with 6 times of continuous observation. As a grand average, 6 times(19.3) of average observation value was between 3 times(21.3) and 9 times(16.9), which enabled to set up 6 times of continuous observation as the number of observation times for stable analysis of primacy effect.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.80-89
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• 2016

The analysis of spatial search direction and its concentration through eye movement can produce some useful data in that it enables to know the features of space elements and their effects on one another. The results by analysing the search features and concentration of spatial sections through the eye-tracking in shops in a department store makes it possible to define the followings. First, the features of 'eye's in & out' could be estimated through the division of sections by the characteristics of those shops and the extraction of central point based on the decision of continuative observation. The decision of continuative observations enabled to analyse the frequency of observation data which can be considered to be 'things watched longtime' and the stared points that is equivalent to 'things seen very often', by which the searching characteristics of spatial sections could be estimated. Second, as with the eye's [in], the right shops had 0.6 times more (3.5%) than those left and as with the eye's [out] the left ones had 0.6 times more (3.5%). It indicates that [in, out] of the right and the left shops had the same difference, which lets us know that with starting point of the middle space, [in] and [out] were paid more attention to the right shops and the left shops respectively. Third, as with the searching directions by section, the searching times [2.9 times] from [B] to [A] were than that [2.6 times] from [A] to [B]. It was also found that the left shops had more searching direction toward [C, D] than the right ones and that those searching activities at the left shops were more active. Fourth, when the searching directions by section are reviewed, the frequency of searching from [B] to [A] was 2.9 and that of the other way 2.6. Also the left shops were found to have more searching direction toward [C, D] than the right ones and those searching activities at the left shops were estimated to be more active.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.14-17
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• 2007

To make use of surveying data obtained from different sensors and different techniques in a common reference frame, it is a pre-requite step to register them in a common coordinate system. For this purpose, we have developed a methodology to register IKONOS-2 Satellite Imagery using ALS data. To achieve this, conjugate features from these data should be extracted in advance. In the study, linear features are chosen as conjugate features because they can be accurately extracted from man-made structures in urban area, and more easily than point features from ALS data. Then, observation equations are established from similarity measurements of the extracted features. During the process, considering the characteristics of systematic errors in IKONOS-2 satellite imagery, the transformation function were selected and used. In addition, we also analyzed how the number of linear features and their spatial distribution used as control features affect the accuracy of registration. Finally, the results were evaluated statistically and the results clearly demonstrated that the proposed algorithms are appropriate to register these data.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2010

This paper presents a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of an indoor hallway environment using Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (RBPF) along with a line segment as a landmark. Based on the fact that fluent line features can be extracted around the ceiling and side walls of hallway using vision sensor, a horizontal line segment is extracted from an edge image using Hough transform and is also tracked continuously by an optical flow method. A successive observation of a line segment gives initial state of the line in 3D space. For data association, registered feature and observed feature are matched in image space through a degree of overlap, an orientation of line, and a distance between two lines. Experiments show that a compact environmental map can be constructed with small number of horizontal line features in real-time.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.72.1-72.1
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• 2012

Sheen et al. 2012 reported a high fraction of galaxies with post-merger features in clusters. The fraction is much higher than what analytic calculation predicts based on the fact that subhalos inside galaxy clusters have high relative velocities. In this study, we aim to address the origin of the post-merger features and to draw an implication for the assembly history of the cluster galaxies. We have performed high-resolution hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations on a cluster of ~1015M using the publicly available Adaptive Mesh Refinements (AMR) code, RAMSES. From the simulations, we have constructed mock images of cluster galaxies taking into account age, metallicity, mass of stellar populations and extinction. The mock images enable us to directly compare the simulation result with deep observation data of cluster galaxies. We discuss possible scenarios for the origin of the post-merger features. We also discuss caveats and future perspectives from the study.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.645-647
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• 2003

In this work a new method for on-line scene segmentation is developed. In remote sensing a scene is represented by the pixel-oriented features. It is possible to reduce data redundancy by an unsupervised segment-feature extraction process, where the segment-features, rather than the pixelfeatures, are used for multispectral scene representation. The algorithm partitions the observation space into exhaustive set of disjoint segments. Then, pixels belonging to each segment are characterized by segment features. Illustrative examples are presented, and the performance of features is investigated. Results show an average compression more than 25, the classification performance is improved for all classes, and the CPU time required for classification is reduced by the same factor.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.5-13
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• 2010

This article aims to introduce the synchrotron radiation for its utilization in the casting and solidification fields as an unique tool for observation of real time phenomena of molten metal during solidification. General features of the synchrotron radiation were briefly introduced for readers in the casting and solidification fields, with no background regarding to synchrotron radiation. And basic principles of imaging technologies using synchrotron light for in-situ observation of molten metal were explained together with exemplary research works, which were reported on the casting and solidification fields in recent years. As a practical guide, real time observation of Al-Si casting alloy was introduced with experimental facilities, image acquisition, and processing together with representative results.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1287-1300
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• 2018

Target-tracking algorithm based on ad hoc camera sensor networks (ACSNs) utilizes the distributed observation capability of nodes to achieve accurate target tracking. A compressed sensing-based multiple-target tracking algorithm (CSMTTA) for ACSNs is proposed in this work based on the study of camera node observation projection model and compressed sensing model. The proposed algorithm includes reconfiguration of observed signals and evaluation of target locations. It reconfigures observed signals by solving the convex optimization of L1-norm least and forecasts node group to evaluate a target location by the motion features of the target. Simulation results show that CSMTTA can recover the subtracted observation information accurately under the condition of sparse sampling to a high target-tracking accuracy and accomplish the distributed tracking task of multiple mobile targets.

• Journal of Urban Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

Steps are very common features in our living environment. Unfortunately, the occurrence of accidents on steps is thus inevitable. A failed visibility to recognize a step remains the most common attribute in these accidents. In this research, sensory scales of step visibility were created in order to examine the effects of two factors on step visibility in sensory testing methods; observation height from floor and eye condition while viewing a step from the descending direction. Results of sensory tests revealed strong influence of eye condition on step visibility. Influence of visual characteristics of each step was also examined and clarified.