• Atmosphere
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.199-211
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• 2017

The cold surges over East Asia can be grouped to two types of the wave-train and the blocking. Recently, the observational study proposed new dynamical index to objectively identify cold surge types. In this study, the dynamical index is applied to the simulations of 10 climate models, which participate in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Focusing on assessment of cold surge simulation, we discuss characteristic of the wave-train and blocking cold surges in the climate models. The wave-train index (WI) and the blocking index (BI) based on potential temperature anomalies at dynamical tropopause over the subarctic region, the northeast China, and the western North Pacific enable us to classify cold surges in the climate models into two types. The climate models well simulate the occurrence mechanism of the wave-train cold surges with vertical structure related to growing baroclinic wave. However, while the wave-train in the observation propagates in west-east direction across the Eurasia Continent, most of the models simulate the southeastward propagation of the wave-train originated from the Kara Sea. For the blocking cold surges, the general features in the climate models well follow those in the observation to show the dipole pattern of a barotropic high-latitude blocking and a baroclinic coastal trough, leading to the Arctic cold surges with the strong northerly wind originated from the Arctic Sea. In both of the observation and climate models, the blocking cold surges tend to be more intense and last longer compared to the wave-train type.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.484-493
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• 2003

This case study exemplifies science classroom observation and analysis. Data from two-day classroom observation, pre- and post-instruction interviews with the teacher and instructional materials were used to analyse the features of a science classroom. A teacher's classroom practices were examined in terms of the following six categories: (1)curriculum and science content, (2)teaching and learning methods, (3) teacher' s knowledge about learners, (4)classroom environment, (5)assessment, and (6)teacher's efforts for professional development. The teacher in this case study not only improved his own classroom practices, but also took an active role in teachers' in-service education to share his practical knowledge with others. Implications that valid evaluation(or observation) frameworks of classroom practices have on teacher education and teachers' inservice education are also discussed. These evaluation frameworks should provide teachers with a vision of highly accomplished practices.

• Atmosphere
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.183-196
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• 2019

High-quality and high-resolution meteorological information is essential to reduce damages due to disastrous weather phenomena such as flash flood, strong wind, and heat/cold waves. There are many meteorological observation stations operated by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) in Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA). Nonetheless, they are still not enough to represent small-scale weather phenomena like convective storm cells due to its poor resolution, especially over urban areas with high-rise buildings and complex land use. In this study, feasibilities to use additional pre-existing networks (e.g., operated by local government and private company) are tested by investigating the effects of network density on the gridded horizontal distribution of two meteorological variables (temperature and precipitation). Two heat wave event days and two precipitation events are chosen, respectively. And the automatic weather station (AWS) networks operated by KMA, local-government, and SKTechX in Incheon area are used. It is found that as network density increases, correlation coefficients between the interpolated values with a horizontal resolution of 350 m and observed data also become large. The range of correlation coefficients with respect to the network density shows large in nighttime rather than in daytime for temperature. While, the range does not depend on the time of day, but on the precipitation type and horizontal distribution of convection cells. This study suggests that temperature and precipitation sensors should be added at points with large horizontal inhomogeneity of land use or topography to represent the horizontal features with a resolution higher than 350 m.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.46.1-46.1
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• 2021

Hydrated asteroids get widespread attention for the evolution of water in the Solar System, especially thanks to the recent successes of the Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx space missions. The target asteroids of these missions are believed to be fragments that have experienced aqueous alteration in their parent bodies [3]. Although hydrated asteroids have been studied well via spectroscopy, focusing on the 0.7 um or the 2.7 um absorption bands [2, 3, 4], polarimetric properties of these asteroids have rarely been investigated. In this study, we conducted a polarimetric observation of 18 C-complex main-belt asteroids with the 1.6-m Pirka telescope at the Nayoro Observatory of Hokkaido University, Japan. We used a polarimetric imaging mode of the Multi-Spectral Imager (MSI) with the standard Rc-band filter (the central wavelength at 0.64 um) [5]. As a result, we found that all of these hydrated asteroids indicate deep negative branches of their polarimetric profiles. Accordingly, the hydrated asteroids have the polarization minima (Pmin), whose values are significantly lower than any other taxonomic types of asteroids (including C-group asteroids). Because Pmin depends on albedo, particle size, and porosity of the surface materials [1], we suspect that hydrated asteroids are distinctive from other asteroids in terms of these physical properties. In this presentation, we introduce our polarimetric observation and findings. We discuss why hydrated asteroids indicate such low Pmin values, comparing Pmin with spectral features at 0.7 um and 2.7 um based on the observation results.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.465-480
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• 2018

On 20 January 2017, the fresh snow cover which is more than 20 cm, accompaning with lightning occurred over Yeongdong coastal region for the first 3-hour of the heavy snowfall event. This study analyzed sounding observations in the heavy snow period which were including the measurements of wind profiler, radiometer and rawinsonde. The features examined from the vertical wind and temperature data at the two adjacent stations, Bukgangneung and Gangneung-Wonju National University, are summarized as follows: 1) The strong (30-40 kts) north-east winds were observed in the level from 2 to 6 km. The Strong atmospheric instability was found from 4 to 6 km, in which the lapse rate of temperature was about $-18^{\circ}C\;km^{-1}$. These features indicate that the deep convective cloud develops up to the height of 6 km in the heavy snowfall period, which is shown in the satellite infrared images. 2) The cooling was observed in the level below 1 km. At this time, the surface air temperature at Bukgangneung station decreased by $4^{\circ}C$. The narrow cooling zone estimated from AWS and buoy data was located in east-west direction. These are the features observed in the cold front of extratropical cyclone. The distributions of radar echo and lightning also show the same shape in east-west direction. Therefore, the results indicate that the Yeongdong thundersnow event was the combined precipitation system of deep convective cloud and cold frontal precipitation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.52-75
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to classify the historical features of mid-to-late twentieth century Korean fashion with a focus on 'Nora Noh', who is a first generation Korean fashion designer. The specific questions of this research are as follows: how did mid-to-late twentieth century Korean fashion and the Nora Noh brand develop and what is the relationship between the two? What are the important features of Korean women's fashion design in the mid-to-late twentieth century? What are the characteristics exhibited in each decade in Korean women's fashion and Nora Noh's fashion? This paper conducted the research by focusing on the Korean fashion development as a background of simplification in the way of dressing and specific historical incident. Researchers deployed a qualitative research method providing a systematic review of the previous studies by analyzing content as well as eleven oral statement interviews and the case study of Nora Noh. The result shows that Nora Noh is one of the first generation of Korean fashion designers who led fashion trend and system in Korea. The designer also influenced Korean commercial fashion in the 1970s and American fashion trends in the 1980s.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2009

It is undertaken systematization of results of satellite and ground observation parameters characterizing a current condition and climatic variability of two selected geographical areas. One of them covers territory of Azerbaijan and another covers a wide area of Caspian See region. Average values and mean square deviations of following values are investigated: outgoing long wave radiation during a day and night (in nebulosity and cloudless). absorbed within a day of the stream of a sunlight of the system in "a terrestrial surface-atmosphere". degree of a covering by clouds of the selected areas during a day and at night, ground temperature values of air. pressure and speed of a wind. Monthly average values of corresponding parameters create a basis of suggested investigations. It has been presented features of a time course of investigated parameters for each month and year in the whole due to the continuously observations since 1982-2000. The scientific problem consists that there are no existed models which authentically would be cover the main aspects of a realities specified changes: they are identified by economic activities. growth of the population and other features of development of a human society or internal fluctuations of biogeophysical/climatic system. Possibilities of predictability of biosphere and climate changes depend on available timely supervision. adequacy of construction of appropriate models. understanding of mechanisms of direct and feedback influences in such complicated systems.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.698-706
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• 2003

The primary goal of surface approximation is to reduce the degree of deviation of the simplified surface from the original surface. However it is difficult to define the metric that can measure the amount of deviation quantitatively. Many of the existing studies analogize it by using the change of the scalar quantity before and after simplification. This approach makes a lot of sense in the point that the local surfaces with small scalar are relatively less important since they make a low impact on the adjacent areas and thus can be removed from the current surface. However using scalar value alone there can exist many cases that cannot compute the degree of geometric importance of local surface. Especially the perceptual geometric features providing important clues to understand an object, in our observation, are generally constructed with small scalar value. This means that the distinguishing features can be removed in the earlier stage of the simplification process. In this paper, to resolve this problem, we present various factors and their combination as the metric for calculating the deviation error by introducing the orientation of local surfaces. Experimental results indicate that the surface orientation has an important influence on measuring deviation error and the proposed combined error metric works well retaining the relatively high curvature regions on the object's surface constructed with various and complex curvatures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1020-1025
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• 2009

The five elements theory that people in the world objective theory is earned by a long-term observation. The key to the world and everything in the neck. The core content of this theroy is summed up in the world all things wood, fire, earth, gold, water-five material form. In the theory, the chracter's appearance, feature the five elements face is content. And the chracter's appearance, personality chracterisics and features of chracters and abstract nature of the mutual response plan which was formed way. Based on the number of world-famous cartoon chracter design analysis, special features and art theroy point the five elements the nature of man, who looks and chracter design by comparing the response of theroy and research and has the five elements. The analysis of theory and research the five elements art and people who find the nature of the systematic correlation to the future of animation, chracter design is applied.

• International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics Korean Journal of Geophysical Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.24-32
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• 1994

A special upper-air observation including airsonde and pibal observations was performed to investigate the characteristics features of the vertical distribution of the meteorological elements over Taegu on a selected clear day of each season from October 1991 to August 1992. The diurnal and seasonal variations of the vertical profiles of air temperature and mixing ratio were obtained from airsonde observations and wind speed and direction from pibal observations. The results of these special upper-air observations are as follow : The diurnal variation of the vertical distribution of air temperature reveals the characteristic features associated with the atmospheric boundary layer. All case days, except for the summer season, show upper-level inversion layer which influenced by surface high, and surface inversion layer produced by radiative cooling. The diurnal variation of mixing ratio shows the maximum vale at 1500 LST in both the upper and low levels, and is larger on the lower level than the upper level. The mixing ratio of the lower level is larger than that of the upper level. On the average the mixing ratio decrease with the height, and is the wettest on the summer case day and the driest on the winter case day. The diurnal variation of the wind velocity and direction are variable in the lower level with time and height, while they are steady in the upper level. On the average, the wind direction is southerly or southeasterly for the summer case day, westerly or northwesterly for the spring and fall case days, and northerly or northwesterly for the winter case day.