• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2013

목적: 무안군내 초등학교 학생들의 시력상태를 파악하고, 조절력과 버전스 부족 학생들의 시훈련 후의 시기능 향상에 관하여 알아보고자 한다. 방법: 무안군내 초등학교 1학년~6학년까지 약 335명을 대상으로 자각적 타각적 굴절검사, 양안시기능검사 실시 후 시기능이상 증상을 호소하는 47명을 대상으로 시기능 훈련 실시 후 각 검사 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 본 연구 대상 학생들의 대부분은 조절력보다는 폭주근점에서 문제를 나타내었다. 폭주근점은 훈련 전 $11.57{\pm}1.850$ cm에서 훈련 후 $5.66{\pm}0.965$ cm로 나타나 약 5.93 cm 정도 폭주근점이 당겨진 것을 알 수 있었고, 근거리의 양성융합 버전스는 훈련 후 사위량의 2배 값인 약 $19.64{\pm}3.66$ $\Delta$를 나타내었다. 조절력은 훈련 전 약 $10.02{\pm}2.566$ D에서 훈련 후 $12.30{\pm}1.397$ D 정도로 개선되어 평균연령 11.27세의 조절력 기대치와 비슷함을 나타내었다. 결론: 조절력과 융합버전스 부족 중에서 특히 폭주근점이 큰 폭으로 상승하였고, 조절용이를 포함한 대부분 시기능 항목들도 향상된 수치를 나타낸 것으로 보아 시훈련은 많은 효과가 있었다고 사료된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2015

본 연구는 제한속력 설정 모델 개발을 위한 1차 연구로서 제한속력 설정 시 고려요소에는 어떤 것이 있으며, 각 요소별 중요도는 얼마나 되는지에 대한 연구의 결과이다. 고려요소 식별과 중요도 산정을 위해 델파이(Delphi)기법과 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)기법을 이용하였다. 델파이 설문은 3차에 걸쳐 수행하였고 3차에 걸친 설문을 통해 5개 상위요소(Level 1)와 23개 하위요소(Level 2)가 식별되었다. 3차 델파이 설문과정에서 내용타당도비율(CVR)값이 0.4~1.0 범위에 있으면 제한속력 설정 시 고려요소로서 반영하였고 0.4 미만의 값은 고려요소에서 제외하였다. 2차 델파이 설문과정에서 33개 고려요소가 식별되었으나 3차 설문을 통해 23개 항목으로 축소되었다. 델파이 3차 분석을 통해 얻은 23개 항목을 대상으로 AHP 설문을 수행하였다. AHP 설문 결과, 5개 상위요소(Level 1)에 대한 중요도는 교통조건이 가장 중요한 요소로 평가되었고, 선박조건, 항로조건, 자연조건, 외부지원 및 기타 조건 순으로 평가되었다. 23개 하위요소 중에서 시정이 가장 중요(1위)하다고 평가되었으며, 선박조종성능, 항로 내 수중장애물, 교통량 및 밀도, 통항선박간 거리, 타효가능속력, 조류 순으로 평가되었다.

• 대한정형외과스포츠의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.95-121
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• 2008

목적: 전방 십자 인대 재건술 후 임상적 결과 판정에 있어 IKDC 주관적 점수의 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 전방 십자 인대 재건술을 시행 받은 24명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 이 중 12명은 자가 슬괵건, 12명은 아킬레스 동종건을 이용하였다. 주관적 평가 항목은 Lysholm 점수, IKDC 주관적 점수, Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) 점수 및 Tegner 활동도를 이용하였고, 정적 불안정 검사, Biodex 근력 평가 검사, 외발 뛰기 검사 등을 객관적 판정 검사로 시행하였다. 환자의 최종 결과 판정을 위해 Carioca test, Shuttle run test 및 Co-contraction test 등의 삼종 기능성 수행 검사를 시행하였고 각각의 검사 항목을 기능성 수행 검사와 비교하여 상관 관계를 도출하였다. 결과: IKDC 주관적 점수, 외발 뛰기 검사 중 한번 뛰기 및 저속에서의 대퇴 사두근의 근력 검사에서 기능성 수행 검사와 유의한 상관 관계를 보였다. 결론: IKDC 주관적 점수는 전방 십자 인대 재건술 후 주관적 결과 판정 뿐만 아니라 기능적 상태를 알 수 있는 유용한 검사로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2000

Objective : Internal carotid-posterior communicating artery(IC-PC) aneurysms can be clipped easily without any special preparations. Occasionally, however, it is difficult to clip the low-lying IC-PC aneurysms without some kinds of additional procedures. Clinical Material and Methods : We experienced four cases of low-lying IC-PC aneurysms, which the intradural anterior clinoidectomy and/or anterior petroclinoid fold(APF) resection was essential to expose the proximal side of the aneurysmal neck and/or proximal control. One patient harbored two low-lying IC-PC aneurysms bilaterally. The patients were divided into two groups according to the necessity of anterior clinoidectomy : Group I(n=4) that needed an intradural clinoidectomy and/or APF resection and Group II(n=29) that had IC-PC aneurysms, easily clipped without any special preparation. Also, various radiometric parameters were measured through the preoperative angiograms. Results : The incidence of such aneurysms was 12% among a total of thirty-three surgically treated IC-PC aneurysms during lasr 3 years. Among four cases, three cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and all aneurysmal sac projected to postero-inferior direction. In our study, We initially considered the necessity of intraoperative anterior clinoid process(ACP) removal and/or resection of APF in cases of shorter distance less than 5.6mm between the proximal aneurysmal sac and tip of the ACP(p<0.001), and the proximal portion of aneurysmal neck has located below the interclinoid line(p=0.001). Conclusion : Through a careful preoperative evaluation, some radiometric parameters can be used to determine whether the ACP should be removed in clipping of the low-lying IC-PC aneurysms. Unlike to total removal of the ACP, the intradural partial anterior clinolidectomy and/or APF resection, which are more familiar to surgeons, reduce the risks of the premature rupture, operative time, and also contribute a more precise clip placement with proximal control than the extradural clinoidectomy.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2008년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.500-504
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• 2008

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of using an optimization model as a effective way to search conjunctive operation scheme to meet two conditions; one is to minimize the electric cost for pumping and another is to meet the water demand for satisfying customers. The feasibility is confirmed as comparing the best combinations of pumps between multi-regional water supply networks from multiple sources which are obtained through an optimization modeling and EPAnet modeling. KModsim model, a network optimization model, was used to determine conjunctive operation scheme in the pipe system. KModsim, based on Lagrangian Relaxation algorithm, is useful for modeling network system and obtaining simultaneously pump combination and water allocation with given input option such as energy unit cost supplying from a source into a consumer, operating pumping combination. This study develops the procedure of determining optimal conjunctive operation scheme with using KModsim model. As a study region, the water supplying systems of the Geojae-city in the Geongsang Namdo Province was selected and investigated. The EPAnet hydraulic simulation result(Ryu et al, 2007, KSWW) gave input data for optimization model; energy unit price(won/$m^3$), water service available area etc.. It was assured that the combination of pump operation through optimum conjunctive operation is to be optimum scheme to obtain the best economic water allocation with comparison to the hydraulic simulation result such as electric cost and pump combination cases. The results obtained through the study are as follows. First, It was found that a well-allocated water supply scheme, the best combination of pump operation through optimum joint operation, promises to save the electric cost and satisfy all operational goals such as stability and revenues during the period. Second, an application of KModSim, a network model, gave the amount of water allocation from each source to a consumer with consideration of economic supply. Finally, in a service area available to supply through conjunctive operation of existing inter-regional water supply networks within short distance, a conjunctive operation is useful for determining each transmission pipeline's service area and maximizing the effectiveness of optimizations in pumping operation time.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.2993-2998
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• 2015

Background: Distance from anal verge and abdominoperineal resection are risk factors for circumferential resection margin (CRM) positivity in rectal cancer. Induction chemotherapy (IC) before concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) has emerged as a new treatment modification. Impact of IC before concurrent CRT on CRM positivity in low rectal cancer remains to be independently studied. The objective of this study was to determine CRM positivity in low rectal cancer, with and without prior IC, and to identify predictors of disease free and overall survival. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for rectal cancer between 2005 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups. Group 1 received IC before CRT and Group 2 did not. Demographics, clinicopathological variables and CRM status were compared. Actuarial 5 year disease free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS) and independent predictors of survival were determined. Results: Patients in the IC group presented with advanced stage (Stage 3=89.2% versus 75.4%) (P=0.02) but a high rate of total mesorectal excision (TME) (100% versus 93.4%) (P=0.01) and sphincter preservation surgery (54.9 % versus 22.9%) (P=0.001). Patients with low rectal cancer who received IC had a significantly low positive CRM rate (9.2% versus 34%) (P=0.002). Actuarial 5 year DFS in IC and no IC groups were 39% and 43% (P=0.9) and 5 year OS were 70% and 47% (P=0.003). Pathological tumor size [HR: 2.2, CI: 1.1-4.5, P=0.01] and nodal involvement [HR: 2, CI: 1.08-4, P=0.02] were independent predictors of relapse while pathological nodal involvement [HR: 2.6, CI: 1.3-4.9, P=0.003] and IC [HR: 0.7, CI: 0.5-0.9, P=0.02] were independent predictors of death. Conclusions: In low rectal cancer, induction chemotherapy before CRT may significantly decrease CRM positivity and improve 5 year overall survival.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.120-130
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• 2020

본 논문은 블라인드 소스 분리 분야에서 널리 사용되는 멀티채널 비음수 행렬 분해 기법의 단점을 개선하여 미결정 복잡한 혼합 환경에서 문제를 해결한다. 공간 공분산 행렬에 기반을 둔 기존의 연구들에서, 단일 채널의 파워게인 및 상관관계와 같은 값으로 구성된 행렬의 각 요소는 높은 분산으로 인해 분리된 소스의 품질을 저하시키는 경향이 있다. 이 논문에서는 추정된 소스들을 효과적으로 클러스터링하기 위해 레벨 및 주파수 정규화를 수행한다. 따라서 새로운 공간 공분산 행렬 및 효과적인 클러스터 쌍별 거리함수를 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 행렬을 공간 모델의 초기화에 활용하여 공간 모델의 향상된 추정과 이를 바탕으로 상향식 접근법에서의 계층적 응집 클러스터링에 활용함으로써 분리된 음원의 품질을 향상시켰다. 제안된 알고리즘은 'Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign 2008 development dataset'을 활용하여 실험을 하였다. 그 결과 객관적인 소스 분리 품질 검증 도구인 'Blind Source Separation Eval toolbox'를 활용하여 대부분의 성능향상지표에서의 향상을 확인하였으며, 특히 대표적인 수치인 SDR의 1 dB ~ 3.5 dB 정도의 성능우위를 검증하였다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.35-53
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• 1996

The objective of the health promotion program was to strengthen the ability and willingness of individuals in the course of each stage of their lives to take action in support of their health and that of their families and communities in the home, the place of work and the school, and during recreation. The purpose of this study was to assess the need of school health promotion through health care behavior survey about diet, accident prevention, cigarette smoking experience, personal hygiene, visual impairment prevention, exercise, and environment protection. The subjects of this study were 914 students composed of Samrye, Bongdong, Samrye-Dong, Iseo, and Songkwang elementary school in Wanju area. The data were collected by questionaire corrected for the purpose of this study which had been developed by WHO, ‘Health behavior in school children’. These were carried out from March 20 to April 20, 1996. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, χ²-test with SPSS-PC+ program. The results were as follows. 1. Diet related behavior 1) Girl students eat less breakfast than male students. 2) Girl students eat less 3 times a day than male students. 3) The rate of eating nutritious medicine was high in order of 4th, 6th, and 5th graders. 4) Girl students drink less milk than male students. 5) The intake frequency of eating between meals was high in order of 6th, 5th, and 4th grader. 2. Cigarette smoking behavior 1) The rate of cigarette smoking rarely was high in 5th grader. 2) Male students smoke cigarette more than girl students. 3. Personal hygiene related behavior 1) The rate of washing hands after using toilet room was low in order of 4th, 5th, and 6th graders. 2) The rate of washing hands after using toilet room was low in male students. 3) The rate of washing hands when entering home from outdoor was low in male students. 4) The tooth brushing frequency before going to bed was low in male students. 5) The tooth brushing frequency was low in male students. 6) The rate of bathing was most low in 4th grader. 7) The rate of bathing was low in male students. 4. Visual impairment preventive behavior 1) The distance between eyes and book was near in order of 6th, 5th, and 4th graders. 5. Exercise 1) The exercise time in school was less in 4th grader. 2) The exercise time in school was less in girl students. 3) The exercise time out of school was less in 4th grader. 4) The exercise time out of school was less in girl students. 5) The self evaluation score about exercise ability was low in girl students. 6. Environment related behavior D The rate of collecting waste separately in school was most low in 4th grader.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study sets factors from previous research known to impact transfer effects as the independent variables, and examines their relationship with the dependent variables, near transfer effects and far transfer effects. Background: Transfer of Training refers to the application of what learners acquire knowledge and skills in training programs to their job. The ultimate goal of training is to apply what employees learn in training sessions to their workplace. In this sense, transfer of training has been a vital concern for training effectiveness. For training to be effective, trainees(learners) should be able to use what they learn in training program back on the job. Method: For this research purpose, this study conducted a survey on 170 nuclear operators in nuclear education and training center. Of these, survey result from the 167 recruits were sampled. Theoretical model of this study is based on Holton & Baldwin's(2003) distance model of transfer effects. This study sets transfer effects(near transfer, far transfer) as the main dependent variables. Meanwhile, the independent variables are trainee characteristics, training characteristics, organizational transfer climate. Each independent variable has subordinate variables. Subordinate variables of trainee characteristics are self-efficacy, motivation to learn, motivation to transfer and ability to transfer. Subordinate variables of training characteristics are training contents, ability of trainers, training design, training climate. The last Subordinate variables of organizational transfer climate are support of supervisors, support of peer, support of organization. Conclusion: As a analysis result, trainee characteristics appeared to be in effect only significant influence near far transfer of training, the effect of the far transfer of training, there is no significant. In addition, the training characteristics appeared to be having a significant influence on near and far transfer effects. Organizational transfer climate appeared to be having a significant influence on near and far transfer effects. Finally, near transfer effect appeared to be having a significant influence on far transfer effects. Application: Results of this analysis in the study to training organization and training characteristics of the transition environment effects on nuclear power institutions and operators training organization having a significant impact that says. The transfer of knowledge and technology, as well as that can be applied to a new situation in terms of education and training are important characteristics.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical acceptability of all-ceramic crowns fabricated by the digital veneering method vis-$\grave{a}$-vis the traditional method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia specimens manufactures by two different manufacturing method, conventional vs digital veneering, with three different thickness (0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm) were prepared for analysis. Color measurement was performed using a spectrophotometer for the prepared specimens. The differences in shade in relation to the build-up method were calculated by quantifying ${\Delta}E^*$ (mean color difference), with the use of color difference equations representing the distance from the measured values $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$, to the three-dimensional space of two colors. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with a Tukey multiple-range test was used to analyze the data (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. In comparing means and standard deviations of $L^*$, $a^*$*, and $b^*$ color values there was no significant difference by the manufacturing method and zirconia core thickness according to a two-way ANOVA. The color differences between two manufacturing methods were in a clinically acceptable range less than or equal to 3.7 in all the specimens. CONCLUSION. Based on the results of this study, a carefully consideration is necessary while selecting upper porcelain materials, even if it is performed on a small scale. However, because the color reproducibility of the digital veneering system was within the clinically acceptable range when comparing with conventional layering system, it was possible to estimate the possibility of successful aesthetic prostheses in the latest technology.