• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.640-649
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• 2018

본 연구는 빅데이터 분석방법 중 하나인 웹마이닝을 이용하여 사이클웨어의 요구성능 및 착용 현황 및 소비자 감성을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 네이버 카페인 '자전거로 출퇴근하는 사람들'을 대상으로 2006년~2017년 기간 동안 사이클웨어와 관련 있는 게시글과 댓글을 R 패키지를 사용하여 크롤링하였다. 수집된 데이터는 데이터 전처리 과정을 거쳐 선별된 15,321건의 문서를 데이터를 분석에 사용하였다. 추출된 데이터에서 텍스트는 한국어형태소분석기(KoNLP)를 사용하여 키워드를 추출한 후 TDM(Term Document Matrix)과 co-occurrence matrix로 변환하여 키워드별 출현 빈도수와 키워드 간 관계를 계산하였다. 사이클웨어에서 가장 출현빈도수가 높았던 키워드는 '타이츠'로 전문적인 사이클웨어에 대한 높은 관심을 나타내었으나 몸에 달라붙어 착용 시 민망하다는 의견이 많았다. 사이클웨어 '구매'와 관련하여 '가격', '사이즈', '브랜드' 등과 관련이 많았으며 '가격'과 관련하여 '저가'와 '가성비'에 대한 출현빈도수가 높았다. 이것은 최근 고가의 브랜드보다는 가격대비 성능을 만족시키는 실용적인 제품들이 선호되는 경향을 나타내주었다. 사이클웨어에서 소재의 흡한속건성이나 패드의 기능성, 불편함 등에 대한 소재나 디자인 등에 대한 개선이 요구되었다. 이처럼 웹마이닝을 이용하여 사이클웨어에 대한 소비자의 의견을 분석할 수 있었으며 기존의 설문조사와도 유사한 결과를 보여주었다. 그러므로 웹마이닝을 이용하여 소비자의 의견이나 요구사항을 실시간으로 분석하여 제품개발에 반영할 수 있는 객관적 지표로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.245-251
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• 2018

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary maifanite supplementation and fecal collection method on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) and blood parameters in growing pigs. Methods: Thirty-six growing barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire; $27.0{\pm}2.6kg$) were allotted to six dietary treatments with 6 pigs per treatment according to body weight in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments were: i) Low Ca+cornstarch (2.25%), ii) Low Ca+maifanite (2.25%), iii) Medium Ca+cornstarch (1.42%), iv) Medium Ca+maifanite (1.42%), v) High Ca+cornstarch (0.64%), and vi) High Ca+maifanite (0.64%). Feces were collected by the total collection (TC) and indicator method (IM). At the beginning and the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected from each pig. Results: For the TC method, there were no difference in Ca intake, fecal Ca output, Ca retention and the ATTD of Ca between cornstarch and maifanite diets at the same dietary Ca level. However, urinary Ca excretion was lower (p = 0.01) in pigs fed low Ca diets without maifanite supplementation compared with other dietary treatments. Dietary maifanite supplementation had no effect on the P metabolism in growing pigs. For the IM method, there was no difference in Ca digestibility between cornstarch and maifanite diets at the same dietary Ca level. The ATTD of P was greater (p<0.01) in pigs fed the high Ca diet with maifanite supplementation compared with the high Ca diet with cornstarch treatment. Dietary inclusion of maifanite had no effect on blood parameters in growing pigs. Conclusion: Dietary maifanite supplementation had no effect on the ATTD of Ca and P and serum parameters in growing pigs. The IM resulted in lower digestibility values than the TC method.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.724-731
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• 2016

본 연구는 아이트래킹 기법을 이용하여 관찰자가 빌라 사보아 입면 이미지를 바라볼 때의 주시특성에 대해 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 아이트래킹 실험장비를 이용하여 피험자를 모집하고 실험을 수행하였다. 실험대상으로는 근대건축을 대표하는 빌라 사보아 주택을 선택하였다. 근대건축 5원칙을 표명하면서 꼬르뷔제는 수평으로 긴 창과 필로티 기둥, 옥상정원 등의 요소를 제안하였으며, 빌라 사보아는 이러한 원칙이 잘 반영된 주택이다. 한편, 실험을 진행하면서 건축 전공 유무에 따른 주시특성의 차이를 알기 위해 피험자를 건축전공자와 비전공자로 구분하였다. 분석결과, 면적 비율을 반영한 주시빈도를 기준으로 살펴보면, 현관 및 창문과 같은 개구부에 대한 관심이 높음을 알 수 있었고, 근대건축 5원칙에서 건축입면으로 표현이 되는 요소 중 가로로 긴 창에 대한 시각적 주목도가 다른 요소에 비해 상대적으로 높음을 알 수 있었다. 건축물을 바라볼 때 건축전공집단과 비전공집단 사이에 주시특성이 차이가 있는지를 살펴본 결과, 건축 전공집단은 비전공집단에 비해 빌라 사보아를 주시할 때 층별로 골고루 관심을 보이고 있어 건축물의 입면을 바라볼 때 건축 전공집단은 탐색적 주시를 함을 유추할 수 있었다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2015

In empirical studies on rural development projects, differentiation tends to be considered a strategy aimed at increasing the number of visitors. Rural development projects include the improvement of living environment, and the discussion about project goals and evaluation of project results are often focused on the aspect of rural tourism. Thus, subjective benefits of such projects for residents are omitted. This study examines the meaning of differentiation from the perspective of residents and explores the validity of the number of visitors and the possibility of reflecting residents' subjective score as evaluation indicators for a project. To achieve such an objective, this study uses survey data collected from 153 people in 38 comprehensive development projects in areas of Eup and Myeon, Korea. The results of this study show that differentiation is viewed as a by-product of positive improvement from a rural development project, from the perspective of residents. The effects of rural development are classified into two dimensions: socioeconomic effects and living environmental effects. Landscape improvement is included in the dimension of living environmental effects and an increase in the number of visitors is included in the dimension of socioeconomic effects. As such, they are confirmed to be the factors that determine the level of differentiation. For example, the increase in the number of visitors is confirmed to be a valid indicator of project success, in which two-dimensional characters are reflected. The level of differentiation evaluated by residents is a result of the workings of the above two factors. Unlike in previous studies, the possibility of evaluation based on the perception of residents is confirmed in the evaluation of results. When the level of differentiation is interpreted as the direct result of a project, the number of visitors has an impact on socioeconomic effects, and the project content of landscape improvement has an impact on living environmental effects. The goal of policy and residents is the same in terms of the effort residents may make in maximizing results of a project by themselves; thus, the government's goal is achieved even when a project is carried out under the autonomy of residents. Ultimately, the government should focus on providing conditions in which active citizen participation can not only occur but help to establish a policy direction, which subsequently strengthens the substantial rights of residents.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.275-284
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• 2011

1. Objective: This literary review investigates Lee Jema's clinical experiences with Soyang-type patients and their influence on his conceptualization of the Soyang physiology and pathology. 2. Methods: 1) The case reports in "Soyang constitutional type: Spleen Cold-based Exterior-Cold disease" were compared before and after the Sinchuk revision to explore the temporal change in the Sasang medical concepts. 2) The texts in Donguisusebowon (Gabo edition) and Donguisusebowon (Sasangchobongwon) were analyzed to investigate the pathological concepts appearing before the completion of the Donguisusebowon (Gabo edition). 3) The texts in Donguisusebowon (Sinchuk edition) was analyzed to investigate the pathological concepts formed between the Gabo and Sinchuk editions of Donguisusebowon. 3. Results and Conclusions: 1) Gabo edition : The Gabo edition divided the External-origin Exterior disease into Cold-dominant (Heat-moderate) and Heat-dominant (Cold-moderate) patterns and differentiated the severity of Exterior-based Exterior disease and Interior-based Interior disease into mild, moderate, severe, and critical conditions. Cold-damage Delirium disease pattern was categorized as an Interior-based Interior disease, and the treatment protocol using Baekho-tang (Baihu-tang) was established. The stool condition and bowel movement reflecting the patient's defecation habits, the prime indicator of health in the Soyang constitutional type, were emphasized on their importance. 2) Sinchuk edition: The Delirium disease pattern was moved into the Exterior-cold disease, and the treatment protocol applying Jihwangbaekho-tang (Dihuangbaihu-tang) and Hyeongbangsabaek-san (Jingfangxiebai-san), with variational usage of Gypsum, was newly established. The Seong-Jeong and basal disease patterns were suggested as important factors in treating the patients. Also, it was proposed that the symptoms and signs reflecting the condition of the life-preserving energy be assessed to understand the patient's current condition. The importance of post-acute rehabilitation and aftercare as well as the most appropriate acute-stage treatment were emphasized.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.370-376
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• 2011

Objective : Posttraumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI), an infarction in well-defined arterial distributions after head trauma, is a known complication in patients with severe head trauma. The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of PTCI, and to assess the effect on outcome of decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) in patients with PTCI. Methods : We present a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with PTCI who were treated between January 2003 and August 2005. Twelve patients among them showed malignant PTCI, which is defined as PTCI including the territory of Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA). Medical records and radiologic imaging studies of patients were reviewed. Results : Infarction of posterior cerebral artery distribution was the most common site of PTCI. Fourteen patients underwent DHC an average of 16 hours after trauma. The overall mortality rate was 75%. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) of survivors showed that one patient was remained in a persistent vegetative state, two patients were severely disabled and only two patients were moderately disabled at the time of discharge. Despite aggressive treatments, all patients with malignant PTCI had died. Malignant PTCI was the indicator of poor clinical outcome. Furthermore, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at the admission was the most valuable prognostic factor. Significant correlation was observed between a GCS less than 5 on admission and high mortality (p<0.05). Conclusion : In patients who developed non-malignant PTCI and GCS higher than 5 after head injury, early DHC and duroplasty should be considered, before occurrence of irreversible ischemic brain damage. High mortality rate was observed in patients with malignant PTCI or PTCI with a GCS of 3-5 at the admission. A large prospective randomized controlled study will be required to justify for aggressive treatments including DHC and medical treatment in these patients.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.485-503
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• 2015

본 연구는 산지에서 지형분류기법을 이용하여 산사태 발생을 예측하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 Catena, Topographic Position Index(TPI), 그리고 Geomorphons 방법을 적용하였다. 연구지역은 가평군, 횡성군, 김천시, 여주시/이천시이며, 2001부터 2014년까지 군단위로 수집된 산사태 자료를 사용하였다. Catena 방법은 분류기준자가 명확하며, 지역 간 분류기준자의 객관화와 비교가 가능하고, 분류된 결과를 직관적으로 이해할 수 있다. 반면 지형분석 및 통계분석 절차가 까다로우며 자동화가 어려워 일반인이 쉽게 사용하기 힘들다는 단점이 존재한다. TPI와 Geomorphons 방법의 경우 분류절차가 간단하고, GIS에서 이용할 수 있는 프로그램이 개발되어 일반인이 쉽게 사용할 수 있다. 하지만 계산하는 방안의 크기에 따라 결과에 큰 차이를 보이고, 사용하는 지형단위가 형태적인 특성에 한정되어 지표에서 나타나는 지형형성작용과의 공간적 연결성이 비교적 낮다는 단점이 존재한다. 이 세 지형분류방법 간 호환성이 낮게 나타나, 지형분류방법이 보다 보편적으로 사용되기 위해서는 지형 단위에 대해 통일된 개념 규정이 필요하다. 각 지형분류법이 산사태를 예측하는 정도를 평가하기 위해 산사태 발생지 중 차지하는 비중이 높은 상위 50%의 지형단위를 선택한 뒤, 지형단위에서 나타나는 산사태 발생비율을 계산하여 '산사태 예측력(Predictive Ability)'이라고 정의하였다. '산사태 예측력'에 의해 구분되는 지형이 전체 지역 면적에서 차지하는 비율을 '취약지 면적(Vulnerable Area Ratio)'이라고 규정하였다. 종합적인 판단을 위해 산사태 예측력을 산사태취약지역으로 나누어 점수화한 결과, Catena 방법의 적합성이 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3791-3794
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• 2012

CD44v, especially splice variants containing exon v6, has been shown to be related closely to development of different tumors. High levels of CD44v6/v7 have been reported to be associated with invasiveness and metastasis of many malignancies. The objective of this study was to detect expression of CD44v6-containing variants in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and evaluate the potential of CD44v6/v7 for risk stratification. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by PCR product purification, ligation into T vectors and positive clone sequencing were used to detect CD44 v6-containing variant isoforms in 23 APL patients. Real-time quantitative PCR of the CD44v6/v7 gene was performed in patients with APL and in NB4 cells that were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or arsenic trioxide ($As_2O_3$). Sequencing results identified four isoforms (CD44v6/v7, CD44v6/v8/v10, CD44v6/v8/v9/v10, and CD44v6/v7/v8/v9/v10) in bone marrow mononuclear cells of 23 patients with APL. The level of CD44v6/v7 in high-risk cases was significantly higher than those with low-risk. Higher levels of CD44v6/v7 were found in three patients with central nervous system relapse than in other patients inthe same risk group. Furthermore, in contrast to ATRA, only $As_2O_3$ could significantly down-regulate CD44v6/v7 expression in NB4 cells. Our data suggest that CD44v6/v7 expression may be a prognostic indicator for APL.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.246-256
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• 2016

본 연구는 무의도 (인천광역시)지역에 대하여 2011년 4월부터 10월까지 총 7회에 걸쳐 관속식물 분포를 조사하였다. 조사지역은 무의도 내 국사봉, 호롱곡산, 해안가 및 부속섬인 실미도와 소무의도를 대상으로 수행하였다. 조사된 전체 분류군은 90과 235속 297종 5아종 32변종 4품종으로 총 338분류군이 자생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 주요 식물로 산림청지정 희귀식물은 땅귀개, 통발, 이삭귀개, 물질경이, 두루미천남성 등 총 5분류군이 확인되었다. 환경부 지정 식물구계학적 특정식물 중 5등급종이 3분류군, 3등급종이 5분류군으로 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 총 28분류군으로서 귀화율은 8.3%, 도시화지수는 8.7%로 나타났다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate changes in microbiological quality according to various storage conditions in the drinking process of bottled mineral water. Methods: Heterotrophic plate counts ($21^{\circ}C$ and $36^{\circ}C$) and pathogenic indicators (total coliforms, fecal Streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella, and Shigella) were analyzed in commercial bottled mineral water stored under different conditions ($4^{\circ}C$, $20-25^{\circ}C$, $36^{\circ}C$) after injecting saliva. The heterotrophic plate counts were analyzed twice per day for the first week and once per day for the three weeks after. Pathogenic indicators were analyzed at the beginning and end (initial and final). Results: The results of the microbiological quality of the bottled mineral water in contact with saliva showed that heterotrophic plate counts ($21^{\circ}C$) had a tendency to be sustained or decrease slightly after 10 days. Heterotrophic plate counts ($36^{\circ}C$) had a high population in the initial samples and gradually decreased at $4^{\circ}C$ storage, but it remained constantly high in storage at $20-25^{\circ}C$ and $36^{\circ}C$. In the general drinking condition, the population was slightly higher than the control, but the overall trend was similar. Conclusions: As a result of the microbiological quality of mineral bottled water in contact with saliva during the process of drinking, heterotrophic plate counts ($21^{\circ}C$ and $36^{\circ}C$) showed a high population compared to the control, which was only opened and not in contact with saliva. In some samples, pathogenic indicators were also detected. Therefore, it is desirable to consume bottled mineral water as soon as possible after opening.