• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.133-137
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of wild ginseng complex (WGC) pharmacopuncture combined with hyperthermia on abdominal obesity in post-menopause women. Two post-menopausal women were treated 5 times in 2 weeks with WGC pharmacopuncture on abdominal acupoints and 30 minutes of hyperthermia on abdominal area. Before treatment and after 5 treatments were finished, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat ratio, waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio, thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) were measured. In case 1, BW, BMI, WC, and ASF were reduced by 0.6 kg, $0.2kg/m^2$, 6 cm, and 18 mm respectively. In case 2, BW, BMI, WC, and ASF were reduced by 0.4 kg, $0.17kg/m^2$, 4.6 cm, and 12 mm respectively. This suggest that combined therapy of WGC pharmacopuncture and hyperthermia might be an effective treatment for abdominal obesity in post menopause women.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the relationship with abdominal visceral fat area in obese patients identified as phlegm type. Methods : This research were performed in 201 cases, visited Kirin Oriental Hospital from March 2005 to February 2006 for weight loss. We measured body mass index(BMI), abdominal CT, and classified all patients into two groups, normal and obesity group. And then we differentiated patients with phlegm-retention symptom from patients without it through questionnaire made by Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Results and Conclusions : Phlegm type was significantly higher than them of no symptom of phlegm in the abdominal visceral areas(P=0.036) and ratio(P=0.007), in obesity group$(BMI{\geq}25)$. On the other hand, there is little difference between abdominal visceral fat areas of phlegm type and no symptom of phlegm in normal group. According to the above results, if obese patients are diagnosed as identification of phlegm type there is good chance of abdominal visceral obesity.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to evaluate how much effect to accuracy when measuring abdominal fat by Computed Tomography (CT) under different respiration movements. The study volunteer composed of 66 normal adults ($50.4{\pm}11.2$ years, 33 males, 33 females). We measured their obesity by using Broca index, body mass index (BMI) and CT and have investigated the correlation. The CT scanning for the obesity measurement have done in two ways, one was done in stopping breath after exhaling and the other was holding a breath after inhaling. The results showed no statistically significant difference among the three measuring techniques. And, the error in two ways of inhaling and exhaling was showed 24.2% of volunteers. The two ways of respiration movements made different result in visceral fat area (P = 0.044), subcutaneous fat area (P = 0.636) and abdominal obesity value (P = 0.012). This study demonstrates that the two ways of respiration movements when scanning CT makes change in accuracy in visceral fat area, and in abdominal obesity quantitative measure. Therefore, our study suggests that CT should take twice in two ways while a patient stops breath after exhaling and holds a breath after inhaling when measuring abdominal obesity using CT equipments.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.349-358
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the combined effects of abdominal obesity and alcohol drinking on the risk of hypertension in Korean adults (aged ${\geq}30yrs$). Methods: Data of 13,885 subjects from the sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The multiple logistic regression tests were used for the analysis, including potential covariates of the model. Results: Frequency of drinking, typical drinking quantity, and frequency of binge drinking had a positive relation to hypertension. The odds ratio of hypertension for risk drinkers with abdominal obesity was 4.81 compared to non-risk drinkers with normal waist circumstance, whereas the odds ratios of hypertension for risk drinkers with normal waist circumstance and non-risk drinkers with abdominal obesity were 1.58 and 2.37 respectively. Conclusion: Both abdominal obesity and alcohol drinking patterns were strong risk factors of hypertension in the Korean adults. Risk drinkers with abdominal obesity showed a marked high risk in hypertension compared to those with a single condition alone.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.348-354
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an abdominal obesity management program on a woman's body composition and physiological indicators. A sample of 20 women who were 33 to 62 years old with abdominal obesity (greater than 80cm of waist circumference) participated in the program for 12 weeks. The program consisted of aerobic dance and yoga for one hour, twice a week. Their body composition was measured with BMI, body fat %, waist circumference, and waist/hip ratio. The physiological indicators were measured by systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides before and after the program. The results showed that waist circumference, waist/hip ratio, and fasting blood glucose decreased significantly after the program. However, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and blood lipids did not change. An abdominal obesity management program with aerobic dance and yoga is partially effective in decreasing abdominal obesity. Further studies are required to replicate the study with a control group using an experimental design.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.316-322
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• 2012

Objectives: Abdominal obesity increases mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease and there is a possibility that smoking effects obesity. However, previous studies concerning the effects of smoking on obesity are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine whether smoking is positively related to abdominal obesity in men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Subjects consisted of 2197 type 2 diabetic patients who visited Huh's Diabetes Center from 2003 to 2009. Indices of abdominal obesity were defined as visceral fat thickness (VFT) measured by ultrasonography and waist circumference (WC). Overall obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI). Results: Statistically significant differences in WC and VFT by smoking status were identified. However, there was no statistical difference in BMI according to smoking status. Means of WC and VFT were not significantly higher in heavy smokers and lower in mild smokers. Compared to nonsmokers, the BMI confounder adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for VFT in ex-smokers and current-smokers were 1.70 (1.21 to 2.39) and 1.86 (1.27 to 2.73), respectively. Conclusions: Smoking status was positively associated with abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.304-311
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• 2016

The study was performed to examine the metabolic syndrome risk factors in accordance with the obesity types based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference cutoffs. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome closely adhered to the NCEP-ATP III criteria, and obesity was defined using the WHO Asian-Pacific criteria. We used the data from 591 elderly women, all aged over 65 years. They were divided into four groups: The normal group (n=272), the obesity group (n=124), abdominal obesity group (n=19), and obesity-abdominal obesity group (n=176). The obesity-abdominal obesity group was the most prevalent group of low HDL-cholesterol (p=0.009), hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.025), abdominal obesity (p<0.001), and metabolic syndrome (p<0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the obesity-abdominal obesity group had the highest odds ratio in predicting metabolic syndrome (OR: 10.638, 95% CI: 6.053~18.697). Therefore, the obesity-abdominal obesity group was the strongest predictive factor of metabolic syndrome risk in Korean elderly women.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.187-192
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the association of obesity and abdominal obesity and pulse pressure (PP) in Korean adults. The study subjects were Korean adults 20 years or older (n=5,889) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012. After adjusting for relevant variables (include age), in women, the odds ratio (OR) of High PP (PP >61 mmHg) of the obesity [1.37 (95 % CI, 1.03-1.82)] and abdominal obesity [1.38 (95% CI, 1.07-1.78)] group compared to the normal group was not significant. However, in men, the OR of High PP of the obesity and abdominal obesity group compared to the normal group was not significant. In conclusion, the obesity and abdominal obesity were associated with pulse pressure in Korean women, but not in men.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.147-162
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• 2012

Abdominal obesity is an important factor of metabolic syndrome and is known as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the fatty acid intake pattern as well as the association between fatty acid intake and abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia in Korean adults. This study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) I, II, III, and IV. After excluding subjects who had missing data for dietary intakes, anthropometric measurments, and laboratory tests, a total of 12,320 subjects aged 20~64y (5,266 men and 7,054 women) were included in the study. Trends in individual consumption of dietary fatty acids by year were analyzed by One-way ANOVA test, and the association between fatty acid intake and abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia was analyzed by logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, energy intake, marital status, job, education level, alcohol intake, and smoking status. In men, intakes of TFA, SFA, MUFA, FUFA, and n-6 PUFA significantly increased with year. On the other hand, intakes of TFA, SFA and FUFA significantly increased with year in women. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of abdominal obesity was significantly associated with intakes of PUFA, LNA and n-3 PUFA in women. However, there was no association with any fatty acid intakes in men. The risk of hyperglycemia was significantly and positively associated with intakes of TFA, SFA, PUFA, and LNA in men, but, there was no significant association with any fatty acid intakes in women. These results show that abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia are significantly associated with individual intake of fatty acids, suggesting that fatty acid type may be associated with risk of abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia. Futher, the macronutrients of measl must be properly balanced.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review current research trends and to provide basic data for the guideline of the acupuncture treatment for abdominal obesity in the clinic. Methods: Publications related to acupuncture treatment for abdominal obesity were retrieved from 9 databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Korean studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service, DataBase Periodical Information Academic, National Discovery for Science Library). Extracted studies were analyzed in terms of publication year, study type, treatment method, acupoint and evaluation method. Results: There were 19 studies about acupuncture treatment applied to abdominal obesity. Electroacupuncture and acupoint catgut embedding therapy was the most frequently studied treatment method. ST₂₅, CV₁₂, SP₁₅, CV₆, CV₄ was the most frequently used acupoint. Body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio was the most frequently used evaluation method. Conclusions: This review identified acupuncture application for abdominal obesity. However, well-designed and conducted clinical trials will be more needed to develop acupuncture treatment for abdominal obesity.