• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the productivity and silage quality of domestically developed forage crops in Korea. A variety of rye ("Gogu"), oat ("Samhan"), three Italian ryegrass ("Kogreen", "Kospeed" and "Kowinearly") and two barley ("Yuyeon" and "Youngyang") were evaluated at an experimental field of Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA in Korea. Gogu showed the highest dry matter yield among the forage crop but the lowest was Samhan. Crude protein (CP) was higher in the oat and Italian ryegrass varieties. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) content levels were similar with the except for the rye. The acidity (pH) of the oat silage was the lowest among forage crop species. Higher lactic acid content levels were found in the Kogreen and Samhan compared to the other varieties (p<0.05). According to Flieg's score, all of the silages were assigned a $1^{st}$ quality grade with the exception of the Gogu. These results suggest that domestically developed forage crop varieties show high performance in terms of productivity and silage quality, and are therefore recommendable forage crop varieties for Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-122
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• 2001

A function of the kidney is elimination of a variety of xenobiotics ingested and wasted endogenous compounds from the body. Organic anion and cation transport systems play important roles to protect the body from harmful substances. The renal proximal tubule is the primary site of carrier-mediated transport from blood into urine. During the last decade, molecular cloning has identified several families of multispecific organic anion and cation transporters, such as organic anion transporter (OAT), organic cation transporter (OCT), and organic anion-transporting polypeptide (oatp). Additional findings also suggested ATP-dependent organic ion transporters such as MDR1/P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) as efflux pump. The substrate specificity of these transporters is multispecific. These transporters also play an important role as drug transporters. Studies on their functional properties and localization provide information in renal handling of drugs. This review summarizes the latest knowledge on molecular properties and pharmacological significance of renal organic ion transporters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.226-234
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the content of functional components and the antioxidant activity of cooked rice and porridge composed of selected grains. The results of the study showed that brown rice and oat contained considerable amounts of γ-oryzanol (78.099~238.566 mg/100 g). However, cooked rice showed a decreased content of the same. The highest content of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was observed in brown rice from Samgwang. The contents of biotin in all samples also decreased in cooked rice compared to raw cereal grains. The highest content of total polyphenols and flavonoids were observed in Heukjinmi rice, and the highest radical scavenging activity was also found in this variety. The cooking process led to a decrease in the content of functional components including γ-oryzanol, GABA, biotin, polyphenols, and flavonoids versus the corresponding raw cereal grains. These results may be useful in the development and application of home meal replacements using cereal grains.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2023

Cordyceps fumosorosea is an important species in the genus of Cordyceps, containing a variety of bioactive compounds, including fumosorinone (FU). This study was a ground-breaking assessment of FU levels in liquid and solid cultures. The present study focused on the impacts of solid-state fermentation (SSF) using solid substrates (wheat, oat, and rice), as well as the effects of fermentation parameters (pH, temperature, and incubation period), on the generation of FU. All the fermentation parameters had significant effects on the synthesis of FU. In a study of 25 ℃, 5.5 pH, and 21 days of incubation period combinations calculated -to give maximal FU production, it was found that the optimal values were 25 ℃, 5.5 pH, and 21 days, respectively. In a solid substrate medium culture, FU could be produced from SSF. At 30 days, a medium composed of rice yielded the most FU (798.50 mg/L), followed by a medium composed of wheat and oats (640.50 and 450.50 mg/L), respectively. An efficient method for increasing FU production on a large scale could be found in this approach. The results of this study might have multiple applications in different industrial fermentation processes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1416-1424
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• 2008

The objective of this research was to study the production and quality of forage at three different times of the year (April, June and July) of six winter cereals in the southern plateau of the Iberian Peninsula. The cereals studied were Triticale (xTriticosecale wittm) cv. "Tritano", Oat (Avena sativa L.) cv. "Prevision" and cv. "Saia; Rye (Secale cereale L.) cv. "Giganton", Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. "Cameo" and cv. "Albacete". The study was carried out in three different locations and over three successive years of harvesting. The three variables considered were location, year and cereal. The % dry matter (DM), % crude protein (CP), % acid detergent fiber (ADF), % neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and % ash content were determined for the three sampling periods and the quality was calculated in milk forage units (MFU/kg DM), the production in kg DM/ha, MFU/ha and kg CP/ha. In all three sampling periods the quality of the cereals was significantly influenced only by the year and by species. However, for production of dry matter (kg DM/ha), milk forage units (MFU/ha) and gross protein (kg CP/ha) all three variables were of significant influence as were their interactions. In the April sampling, the species which showed a significantly higher production ($p{\leq}0.05$) was rye (1,693 kg DM/ha), which, along with its forage quality (16.56% CP, 0.886 MFU/kg DM) meant that the same occurred in MFU/ha and kg CP/ha. Significant differences between species were also found for the June sampling. The most productive cereal was again rye with 2,656 kg DM/ha, although its sharp fall in forage quality meant that barley cv Albacete (2,513 kg DM/ha) returned the highest production in forage units (1,934 vs. 1,951 MFU/ha) and barley cv. Cameo (2,413 kg DM/ha) in gross protein production (242 vs. 264 kg CP/ha). The significantly highest cereal production for July was barley cv. Albacete (4,923 kg DM/ha, 9.11% CP 0.722 MFU/kg DM). As a consequence of the results, we conclude that from the viewpoint of nutritional quality and production, rye is the most suitable for use in early spring in whatever year and location. However, barley cv. "Albacete" is the most appropriate for utilisation in later spring or early summer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2011

Soil fertility different depend on application rate of manure and compost for many years. While each crop has different adaptability depend on soil fertility, crop and species or varieties should be chosen depending on the adaptability and productivity. These experiments were carried out to compare the five winter cereal crops for whole crop silage on growth, yield and feed value as affected by soil organic content. The rate of increase on no. of spikes at high fertile soil compared with medium fertile soil was sequently high Samhan (Oat's variety) > Cheongwoo (Wheat) > Gogu (Rye) > Youngyang (Barley) > Shinyoung (Triticale). The rate of decrease at low fertile soil compared with medium fertile soil was sequently high Youngyang > Gogu > Cheongwoo > Shinyoung > Samhan. The triticale was lower variation of no. of spikes as affected by soil organic content than that of other winter cereals. The variations of dry matter yield as affected by soil fertility was higher oat and barley and lower triticale. Forage yield of triticale was higher about 69 percent than that of barley at low fertile soil. Forage yield was the highest in triticale and the lowest in rye in all soil fertility. In high fertile soil, rate of increasing digestible dry matter (DDM) yield compared with medium fertile was high in Samhan and Youngyang. Rate of reduced DDM yield in low fertile soil compared with medium fertile was low in Shinyoung and Cheongwoo.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.761-768
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• 2009

This study evaluated on the recognition and satisfaction for functional bakery products by consumers living in Seoul, Overall, 82.0% answered of the respondents reported that they had 'yes' which was 4.5 times as much as those who answered 'no' tried functional bakery products. Purchasing mostly depended on 'myself' (69.0%), and other methods of acquiring information as well as 'bakery' (10.8%), 'neighbour' (8.5%), 'media' (7.9%), and the 'internet' (3.7%). The preferred functional ingredients were 'sweet potato' with (22.9%), and 'rye and oat' (13.8%), 'green tea' (13.5%), 'pumpkin' (11.4%), and 'chestnut' (7.3%) were other preferred ingredients. The reasons for this preference were that they were 'healthy' by (47.1%) and had a 'good taste' by (36.6%). Evaluation of the recognition of functional bakery products revealed that, 'nutrition' had the highest scale of recognition of (3.80 out of 5), and followed by 'healthy' with (3.69 out of 5). Conversely, 'proper price' received a below average score of 2.97, indicating dissatisfaction. Moreover, the overall average satisfaction with functional bakery products was 3.37, and with the taste, nutrition, and quality receiving a highly satisfactory score of 3.52, and price receiving an unsatisfactory score of 3.00. The factors most important to improve functional bakery products were, 'variety' (37.6%) was most important, followed by 'increased nutrition' (21.2%) and 'lower price' needed to be improved as well. The factor that had the greatest influence on the decision to purchase functional bakery products was 'material' with (3.737) followed by 'name value' with (3.56).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of byeolmijang prepared several roasted whole grain powders (oat, brown rice, black soybean, corn) for eight weeks. As the fermentation progressed, the pH decreased from 6.10~6.12 to 4.48~4.92 and the total acidity increased dramatically from 0.41~0.48% to 1.67~2.24%. There were no differences in the moisture content. The content of reducing sugar decreased, in particular, brown rice sample(C) decreased significantly than the other samples during fermentation. In color, L and b-value decreased all samples, whereas a-value showed a tendency to slightly increase. The total cell counts and lactic acid bacteria revealed an increasing tendency during fermentation. In case of the amino-type nitrogen contents, it increased significantly during the fermentation period, especially control sample (A) showed the highest content significantly. The total polyphenol of all samples increased in the fermentation period. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities also increased, especially corn sample (E) had the highest levels. In by electronic tongue analysis, corn sample (E) revealed higher umami and sourness than the control. So, by adding roasted corn powder, it can enhance function and taste of byeolmijang.