• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.613-618
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• 2006

Two endoxylanases from an alkaliphilic bacterium, Bacillus halodurans C-1, were purified 3.8- and 7.9- fold with specific activities of 9.4 and 19.8U/mg protein, respectively. The molecular masses of both purified enzymes were 23 and 47 kDa, respectively, and 23 kDa xylanase I (Xyl I) exhibited an optimum pH at 7.0, whereas 47 kDa xylanase II (Xyl II) showed a broad pH range of 5.0 to 9.0. The temperature optima of both xylanases were $60^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$, respectively. Both were stable in the pH range of 6.0 to 9.0 and 5.0 to 10.0, respectively, and they were stable up to $60^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$, respectively. The $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ of Xyl I were 4.33mg/ml and $63.5{\mu}mol/min/mg$, respectively, whereas Xyl II had a $K_m$ value of 0.30 mg/ml and $V_{max}$ of $210{\mu}mol/min/mg$. Both xylanases hydrolyzed xylans from birchwood, oat spelt, and larchwood. However, they showed different modes of action; a series of xylooligosaccharides larger than xylotriose were released as the major products by Xyl I, whereas xylobiose and xylotriose were the main products by Xyl II. The maximum synergistic action of the two enzymes on hydrolysis of xylan was 2.16 with the ratio of Xyl I to Xyl II at 1:9.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

The nucleotide sequence of the Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 xyn10A gene, encoding a xylanase Xyn10A, consists of 3,828 nucleotides encoding a protein of 1,276 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 142,726 Da. Sequence analysis indicated that Xyn10A is a multidomain enzyme comprising nine domains in the following order: three family 22 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), a family 10 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolases (xylanase), a family 9 CBM, a glycine-rich region, and three surface layer homology (SLH) domains. Xyn10A was purified from a recombinant Escherichia coli by a single step of affinity purification on cellulose. It could effectively hydrolyze agricultural wastes and pure insoluble xylans, especially low substituted insoluble xylan. The hydrolysis products were a series of short-chain xylooligosaccharides, indicating that the purified enzyme was an endo-$\beta$-1,4-xylanase. Xyn10A bound to various insoluble polysaccharides including Avicel, $\alpha$-cellulose, insoluble birchwood and oat spelt xylans, chitin, and starches, and the cell wall fragments of P. curdlanolyticus B-6, indicating that both the CBM and the SLH domains are fully functioning in the Xyn10A. Removal of the CBMs from Xyn10A strongly reduced the ability of plant cell wall hydrolysis. These results suggested that the CBMs of Xyn10A play an important role in the hydrolysis of plant cell walls.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 1990

An experiment was conducted with three ruminally and intestinally cannulated non-lactating cows of Finnish Ayrshire breed, to assess the ruminal degradation characteristics of oat (Avena sativa), rye (Secale cereale) and rice (Oryza sativa) straw by the nylon bag technique, and the subsequent post-ruminal degradation of their rumen-undegraded residues by using the mobile bag technique, respectively. The straw samples were untreated or treated with aqueous $NH_3$ or with urea solution in cold or hot water. The untreated straw samples were milled or chopped, and the treated straw samples were chopped. The constant values a, b, and c were computed according to the exponential equation, where a = intercept of degradation curve at time 0, b = potentially degradable material, c = rate of degradation of band (a+b) = maximum potential degradability (asymptote). It was found that nitrogen contents of chemically treated straw were markedly increased by both $NH_3$ and urea treatments. Milling the samples attributed to a remarkable loss at 0 h incubation time as compared to chopping of the respective samples. However, chemical treatment markedly improved the b value and the subsequent (a+b) values for dry matter, organic matter, neutral-detergent fiber, and acid-detergent fiber of the samples. Furthermore, temperature of the water used in the urea solutions was considered essential, since urea in hot water rather than in cold water seemed to enhance the overall degradability. The disappearance of rumen-incubated straw residues from the mobile bags ranged from 4.5 to 9.6% for the parameters measured. On average, the OM disappearance from bags was clearly higher for the residues of urea treated straw compared to those of ammonia treated straw, but the disappearance of NDF tended, however, to be higher on the ammonia treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.98-102
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• 2005

In 2003 to 2005, the root rot of Japanese angelica (Aralia elata) was surveyed in nursery beds of Korea, where incidence of the disease often reached up to 100%. Three isolates were obtained from the infected roots, and identified as Phytophthora cactorum on the basis of cultural, morphological characteristics and molecular analysis. The isolates were characterized by having markedly papillate and broadly ovoid deciduous sporangia. The optimum temperature for mycelium growth was at $25^{\circ}C$ on V8 juice agar. Pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by soil mixture inoculation. Approximately 900 bp of ITS rDNA was amplified from all 3 isolates and band pattern of restriction fragments observed by Alu I, Msp I, and Taq I digestion also supported the result of the morphological identification when compared with PhytID database.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.230-260
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• 1992

The paper was reviewed the research results on weed dynamics and effective control methods in direct-seeded rice crop. Direct seeding method resulted in drastic increment of weed growth compared to transplanting method and also changed in troublesome weed flora. Two to three fold more weeds were harvested at the direct seeded rice and weed flora of dominant species shifted toward $C_4$type grass weeds. Some of the important troublesome weeds in direct seeded rice were Echinochloa crus-galle, Oryza saliva ssp spontanea, Leptochloa chinensis. Setaria viridus. Digitaria adsendens, Sesbania exaltata, Aeschynomene indica, Algae, etc. Yield loss due to weed competiton was about 40-60% for water-seeded and about 70-100% for dry-seeded rice while these for transplanted rice were about 25-35% for mechanical transplanting and about 10-20% for manual transplanting, respectively. Integrated weed management concept was neede to approach weed control effectively. Several cultural technologies were very effective to suppress the weed growth. These were tillage operation, water management, seeding date and seeding rate. Crop residues of barley, rice, wheat, oat and italian ryegrass were also effectivly suppressed the paddy weeds particularly to Potamogeton distiuctus, a perennial broadleaf weed. A pathogen of Epicoccosorus nematosporus identified from Eleocharis kuroguwai was an excellent potential bioagent to control the most troublesome perennial sedge weed of E. Kuroguwai without arising any detrimental effect. The herbicidal efficacy of this pathogen was as high as bentazon herbicide. Plant growth regulator of paclobutrazol (pp-333) was another possible alternative to reduce the herbicide use. In current, herbicide exhibited the most conspicuous results to control weeds in direct-seeded rice even though the application technologies were not fully established. Recommendations for herbicide application were suggested for in both water-and dry-seeded rice in USA, Japan and Korea, respectively. To make better and comprehensive recommendations further studies on weed ecology and herbicide development were emphasized.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.102-114
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to promote the consumption of rice by substitution in the process of making par-baked morning buns made with cereal powder in dietary fiber (Brown rice, Barley, Oat, goami 2) and strong flour. Strong flour had the highest fermentation rate for 75 min fermentation period. The volume index of the strong flour morning buns was the highest. The hardness of the strong flour morning buns was measured by a texture analyzer, GR4 respectively. The L-values of strong flour morning buns were higher than those of the Goami powder morning buns. In the sensory evaluation the overall preference was the highest in strong flour morning buns. Among the cereal powder morning buns, the GR4 was the most preferred.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.344-349
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• 1997

A strain of Bacillus sp. DSNC 101, isolated from soil, produced up to 305.0 units/ml of xylanase when grown on te medium containing 2.0% xylan, 2.0% yeast extract and 0.4% K2HPO4. The strain produced xylanase in the presence of xylan, soluble starch, rice straw, Avicel, maltose, and lactose as a sole carbon source, but the enzyme was not synthesized in the presence of xylose, glucose or arabinose. The crude xylanase preparation did not show hydrolytic activity towards cellulosic substrates and PNPX, a chromogenic substrate for $\beta$-xylosidase. The temperature and pH optima for the xylanase production were 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 8.0, respectively. Xylanase synthesis was repressed by glucose, but not by xylose. The hydrolysis products of xylan catalyzed with the culture filtrate were xylooligosaccharides such as xylobiose and xylotriose but xylose was not detected by tin layer chromatography.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.8-12
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• 2007

In this paper, we proposed an frequency offset estimation scheme which can be used for packet based OFDM communication systems such as IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11p physical layer. Proposed estimation scheme can adjust the gain allocation ratio between long training symbol and short training symbol while maintaining average power of overall training sequence so that we can obtain the reference parameters for MSE performance improvement. The preamble structure considered in this paper is based on the preamble specified in IEEE802.11a and IEEE802.11p standardization group. From the simulation results, it is shown that power ratio between long training symbol and short training symbol must vanes for achieving lower frequency offset estimation error as channel SNR condition is changed. Also it is known oat proposed scheme can achieve better performance than conventional one.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.761-768
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• 2009

This study evaluated on the recognition and satisfaction for functional bakery products by consumers living in Seoul, Overall, 82.0% answered of the respondents reported that they had 'yes' which was 4.5 times as much as those who answered 'no' tried functional bakery products. Purchasing mostly depended on 'myself' (69.0%), and other methods of acquiring information as well as 'bakery' (10.8%), 'neighbour' (8.5%), 'media' (7.9%), and the 'internet' (3.7%). The preferred functional ingredients were 'sweet potato' with (22.9%), and 'rye and oat' (13.8%), 'green tea' (13.5%), 'pumpkin' (11.4%), and 'chestnut' (7.3%) were other preferred ingredients. The reasons for this preference were that they were 'healthy' by (47.1%) and had a 'good taste' by (36.6%). Evaluation of the recognition of functional bakery products revealed that, 'nutrition' had the highest scale of recognition of (3.80 out of 5), and followed by 'healthy' with (3.69 out of 5). Conversely, 'proper price' received a below average score of 2.97, indicating dissatisfaction. Moreover, the overall average satisfaction with functional bakery products was 3.37, and with the taste, nutrition, and quality receiving a highly satisfactory score of 3.52, and price receiving an unsatisfactory score of 3.00. The factors most important to improve functional bakery products were, 'variety' (37.6%) was most important, followed by 'increased nutrition' (21.2%) and 'lower price' needed to be improved as well. The factor that had the greatest influence on the decision to purchase functional bakery products was 'material' with (3.737) followed by 'name value' with (3.56).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.108-108
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to know prospect and present state of new variety breeding of Forage and Grassland in South Korea. The industry of forage in Korea is going up to expend through utilization of good quality forage, Italian ryegrass, forage corn and oat rather than rice straw. Especially, since 2007, Italian ryegrass(IRG) had been very important major winter forage crop in South Korea and developed 13 varieties including very early maturity variety (three varieties), early maturity variety (three varieties), medium maturity variety (one variety) and late maturity variety (six varieties). But the disadvantage of Italian ryegrass was weak winter hardness and drought but has good advantage of forage nutritive value, high-yielding and high sugar content, and like livestock as like hanwoo, dairy cattle, goat so on. The Ko-variety (Korea developed variety) of Italian ryegrass has high cold-tolerant and adaptability more than any other country developed variety, and expend to cultivation area from southern area (below Daejeon) to middle-northern area (upper Han river). Although the cultivation area of Italian ryegrass of South Korea was 21,700 ha in 2007, right now, that of Italian ryegrass is about 123,600ha due to expend cultivation area and know famer to good forage crop and have a various maturity varieties (very early, early, medium, late) according to local situation (before-crop harvesting stage or double cropping system). The seed market of Italian ryegrass in South Korea becoming extended to around 100 million Korean won and seed export get nearer to foreign country. We are going to develop of new variety for stress tolerant and high yield and quality forage variety, good adaptability to the Korean environmental conditions including reclaimed area, make self-sufficiency system for forage seed (Italian ryegrass), export our seed to foreign countries.