• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.185-196
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to suggest correct and effective way of squat through biomechanical analysis variables on the change of the toe-out angle. Method: 7 high school male weightlifter (age: $17.57{\pm}0.53yrs$, height: $174.0{\pm}3.93cm$, weight: $81.0{\pm}9.17kg$, 1RM: $164.29{\pm}20.7kg$) participated in this study. Results: Angle of the hip joint at E2 was smaller than toe-out angle was in $20^{\circ}$ than in $0^{\circ}$ (p<.05). Angular velocity of the foot joint at E1 and E3 was quicker that in $10^{\circ}$ than in $30^{\circ}$ (p<.05). Anterior-posterior stability index was greater that toe-out angle was in $30^{\circ}$ than in $0^{\circ}$ (p<.05). In average iEMG of flexion phase, VM of right, left leg showed high activity at toe-out angle $30^{\circ}$. In average iEMG of flexion phase, extension phase and in peak iEMG, RF of right leg, VM and VL of left leg showed high activity at all of the toe-out angles. In average iEMG of flexion phase, extension phase and in peak iEMG, all of the muscles activity of right leg showed high in $10^{\circ}$ and low in $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$. Conclusion: It is judged that setting the toe-out angle $10^{\circ}$ in squat help to efficiently use muscles and ensure stability.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.44-48
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• 1997

For the efficient management of the diagnostic x-ray equipment, a nation-wide inspection of hospitals was performed by an inspection institute in Taejon in the first half of 1997. Among those hospitals inspected, 28 equipments(machines) which were over 500 mA were randomly selected according to their characteristics : 7 condenser type x-ray equipments, 7 three control phase of full wave rectification of type remote control x-ray equipments, 7 single phase of full wave rectification type for general radiography equipments, and 7 single phase of full wave rectification type of R/F equipments. We obtained the following results by conducting the experiment based on the efficiency of the equipments mentioned above. 1) When the equipments are analyzed, 2 out of 7 single phase of full wave rectification type of general radiography equipments(28.6%), 3 out of 7 single phase of full wave rectification type of R/F equipments(42.9%), 5 out of 7 three phase of full wave rectification type remote of control x-ray equipments(71.4%), and 4 out of 7 condenser type of x-ray equipments(57.1%) showed suitability. It proves the superiority of the three phase of full wave rectification type of remote control x-ray equipments. 2) From the overall analysis, only about 50% of the equipments(suitability of 14 out of 28) maintain the efficient management. Therefore, maintenance management of equipments is more necessary. If the efficiency of the x-ray equipment is uniformly maintained and managed to prevent the breakdown(trouble) beforehand especially through the continuous inspection of tube voltage, tube current, exposure time, and collimator, the financial loss and exposure dose to the patient, as well as the workers engaged in radiation, can be reduced for better medical service.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1695-1702
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• 2003

Fatigue crack initiation around a hole subjected to biaxial fatigue loads with a phase difference was investigated. Axial and torsional biaxial fatigue loads with different phase differences and biaxiality of 1/√3 were applied to thin-walled tubular specimens. Five phase differences of 0, 45, 90, 145 and 180 degrees were selected. Directions of the fatigue crack initiation around the hole were found to approach to the circumferential direction of the specimen with increment of the phase difference for fatigue tests with phase differences less than 90$^{\circ}$. Whereas directions for tests with phase differences greater than 90$^{\circ}$ got away from the circumferential direction and those were symmetric to the directions for tests with phase difference less than 90. . Furthermore, it was shown that the fatigue initiation life decreased with increment of phase difference for fatigue tests with phase differences less than 90$^{\circ}$, but it increased for tests with phase difference greater than 90$^{\circ}$. The crack initiation direction can be successfully explained by using the direction of the maximum tangential stress range obtained around the hole and at far-field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.668-674
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• 2001

An experimental study was performed for two types of co-axial cylindrical shell structures in order to establish the relationship between in-air dynamic characteristics and in-water ones and to observe hydrodynamic mass effects on their mode shapes when submerged. The outer cylinders are prepared with two kinds to get more insights on the fluid-structure interaction phenomena: one is flexible, which means that the outer cylinder has almost same stiffness as the inner one, and the other is a rigid one whose stiffness is more than ten times of the inner one's(it might be regarded as the scaled-down model of the reactor internals). The finite element. analyses were also implemented to support the experimental results. The results show that the natural frequencies of a co-axial cylindrical shell structure in water are remarkably lower than those in air due to the fluid mass effects. In case of the flexible-to-flexible cylinders, there exist in-phase and out-of-phase mode shapes and they are affected by the annular gap between the. co-axial cylinders. For the in-phase mode the in-water natural frequency decreases exponentially as the gap increases, while it slightly increases in case of the out-of-phase mode due to the squeezing effect of the gap fluid. In the flexible-to-rigid case, the normalized natural frequency(in-water frequency/in-air one) of the inner cylinder(core barrel model) ranges between in-phase and out-of-phase mode frequencies of the flexible-to-flexible co-axial cylindrical structure having identical dimensions. Also the normalized natural frequency of the inner cylinder of the flexible-to-rigid one moves from near of the in-phase mode frequency into the out-of-phase mode value of the flexible-to-flexible case as circumferential mode number(n) increases.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2162-2172
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• 2016

This paper presents a Direct Torque Control (DTC) strategy for the five-phase induction motor driven by a three-level five-phase inverter in order to improve the performance of the five-phase induction motor. In the proposed DTC technique, only 22 voltage vectors out of 243 available voltage vectors in a three-level five-phase inverter are selected and are divided in 10 sectors each with a width of $36^{\circ}$. The four different DTC combinations (DTC-I, II, III and IV) for a three-level five-phase induction motor drive are investigated for improving the performance of five-phase induction motor. All four of the DTC strategies utilize a combination of the same large and zero voltage vectors, but with different medium voltage vectors. Out of these four techniques, DTC-II gives the best performance when compared to the others. This DTC-II technique is analyzed in detail for improvements in the performance of five-phase induction motor in terms of torque ripple, x-y stator flux and Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) of the stator phase current when compared to its two-level counterparts. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed three-level five-phase DTC control strategy, a DSP based experimental system is build. Simulation and experimental results are provided in order to validate the proposed DTC technique.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.403-418
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• 2024

In this paper, vibration and energy absorption characteristics of a nanostructure which is composed of two embedded porous annular/circular nanoplates coupled by a viscoelastic substrate are investigated. The modified couple stress theory (MCST) and the Gurtin-Murdoch theory are applied to take into account the size and the surface effects, respectively. Furthermore, the structural damping effect is probed by the Kelvin-Voigt model and the mathematical model of the problem is developed by a new hyperbolic higher order shear deformation theory. The differential quadrature method (DQM) is employed to obtain the out-of-phase and in-phase frequencies of the structure in order to predict the dynamic response of it. The acquired results reveal that the vibration and energy absorption of the system depends on some factors such as porosity, surface stress effects, material length scale parameter, damping and spring constants of the viscoelastic foundation as well as geometrical parameters of annular/circular nanoplates. A bird's-eye view of the findings in the research paper offers a comprehensive understanding of the vibrational behavior and energy absorption capabilities of annular/circular porous nanoplates. The multidisciplinary approach and the inclusion of porosity make this study valuable for the development of innovative materials and applications in the field of nanoscience and engineering.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.8-15
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• 2002

In order to investigate the vibration characteristics of fluid-structure interaction problem, we modeled two identical rectangular plates coupled with fluid. A commercial computer code, ANSYS was used to perform finite element analysis and FEM solutions were compared with the experimental results to verify the finite element model. As a result, comparison of FEM and experiment showed good agreement, and the transverse vibration modes, in-phase and out-of-Phase, were observed alternately in the fluid-coupled system. The effect of fluid gap size on the fluid-coupled natural frequency were investigated. It was shown that the mode numbers increased, the normalized natural frequencies monotonically increased. And it was also found that an increase of the fluid gap reduced the coupled natural frequencies for the in-phase modes but increased the coupled natural frequencies for the out-of phase modes, and eventually converged to the results of an infinite fluid gap.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.28-34
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• 2010

Two turbulent jet with different sinusoidal nozzle exit configurations of in-phase and $180^{\circ}$ out-of-phase were investigated experimentally using a smoke-wire method and a hot-wire anemometry. Mean velocity and turbulence intensity were measured at several downstream locations under $Re_D\;=\;5000$. For the case of in-phase nozzle configuration, the length of potential core exhibits negligible difference with respect to the transverse locations (0, $\lambda/4$ and $\lambda/2$), similar to that of a plane jet. On the other hand, a maximum difference of 30% in the potential-core length occurs for the $180^{\circ}$ out-of-phase configuration. The spatial distributions of turbulence intensities also show significant difference for the nozzle of $180^{\circ}$ out-of-phase, whereas non-symmetric distribution is observed in the near-exit region(x/D = 1) for the in-phase sinusoidal nozzle jet. Compared to a slit planc jet, the sinusoidal nozzle jets seem to suppress the velocity deficit as the flow goes downstream. The sinusoidal nozzle jet was found to decrease turbulent intensity dramatically. The flow visualization results show that the flow characteristics of the sinusoidal nozzle jet are quite different from those of the slit plane jet.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 1997

Shear-induced phase transformation behavior of chemically stabilized $\beta$-cristobalite was studied by the fiber push-out technique. To obtain the critical grain size for phase transformation, the hot-pressed polycrystalline $\beta$-cristobalite, which was used as the interphase between fiber and matrix, was annealed at $1300^{\circ}C$ for 10h. Two types of fibers, mullite and sapphire fiber, were used in this study. Debonding between mullite fiber and cristobalite interphase occurred at a critical load of 230 MPa. Static friction and fiber sliding were continuously followed by debonding. Shear-induced transformation induced cracks in the cristobalite interphase at the debonding stage. In the case of the sapphire fiber, the debonding occurred at a lower load of 180 MPa due to the residual stress in the interface caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the fiber and the cristobalite interphase. The load was insufficient for shear-induced phase transformation.

• 전기의세계
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.63-68
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• 1978

To convert into multiphase from single phase are often necessary for industry field. In oder to convert of phase, phase shifted voltages are first buileded by single phase and then must combine with these voltages adequately. This paper aims at the description of the way of phase shift by means of turning on or turning off through natural commutation and forced commutation methods with firing angle of thyristor pating a role of switching controlled adequately. Experimental result of the Phase Shift with the Thyristors Utilized has been turned out to shift the phase to 60.deg., 90.deg., 120.deg., and other angles.