• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

This study was to analyze vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of Bupleurum latissimum community located in Seo-Myun, Isl. Ulleungdo. The Bupleurum latissimum community was classified into Physocarpus insularis subcommunity and Artemisia stolonifera subcommunity, and there was Artemisia stolonifera subcommunity in destroyed site of Bupleurum latissimum community. In the study sites, soil organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorous, changeable potassium, changeable calcium, changeable magnesium concentration, cation exchangeable capacity, and soil pH were ranged from 19.0~25.6%, 0.67~0.96%, 47.8~103.0ppm, 2.4~2.8(me/100g), 13.8~15.0(me/100g), 8.4~9.0 (me/100g), 34.0~38.4(me/100g), and 5.9~6.0, respectively. The Bupleurum latissimum community had higher nitrogen, exchangeable magnesium, and available phosphorous concentration than in Bupleurum euphorbioides and Bupleurum longiradiatum community. The Berberis amurensis var. latifolia and Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia that was companion species of Bupleurum latissimum community was found in area of having high soil organic matter and nitrogen concentration. The Ligustrum foliosumwas found in shrubbery, and so the reason could give little competition with Bupleurum latissimum community. The Bupleurum latissimum is the endangered species managed by Ministry of Environments in Korea. Its community has been destroyed, and so we need any action to protect the community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in cutting-slope area of the Baekdu Range roadside. In the cutting-slope area and upper forest area of the cutting-slope area, sample plots of 104 were selected and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. We found total 151 species in the 104 plots. The species of high frequency of Baekdu Range roadside were found in the order of Lespedeza bicolor, Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Pinus densiflora, Salix hulteni, Lespedeza cuneata, Erigeron annuus, Rubus crataegifolius, Spodiopogon sibiricus, etc. The dominancy of Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Lespedeza bicolor, Pinus densiflora, Salix hulteni, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Miscanthus sinensis, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Acer ginnala were 12.74%, 10.43%, 7.48%, 4.42%, 4.09%, 3.13%, 2.49%, 2.45%, 2.40% in the roadside cutting-slope, respectively. The importance value of Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Lespedeza bicolor, Quercus serrata, Rhus trichocarpa were 17.32%, 13.82%, 11.60%, 11.31%, 8.76%, 8.04%, 7.65%, 7.10% in shrub layer of the upper forest area, respectively. The species of Carex lanceolata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, Carex siderosticta, Miscanthus sinensis, Artemisia sp., Potentilla fragarioides var. major, Astilbe chinensis var. davidii, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum, Aster scaber, Lysimachia clethroides, Patrinia villosa, Lindera obtusiloba, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhus trichocarpa, Stephanandra incisa, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Lespedeza sp., Lespedeza cuneata, Amorpha fruticosa, Ligustrum obtusifolium, and Weigela subsessilis, may be more helpful in stabilizing of the cutting-slope area and making harmony with the surrounding forest area.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

This paper suggests an evaluation of risk level for damage of marine accidents in SRRs. Qualitative analyses in words is sometimes priorior to quantative analyses in numeric symbols. This paper intoduces a concept of fuzzy theory with the plenty of related literature review and AHP in the Korean SRRs of RCC and RSC. The methodology of this paper is max . min composition of fuzzy extensive principle, defuzzifiation is centroid of gravity methods. At the result, the evaluation of risk level is especially over Serious for smarine accident of Taean, Gunsan, Mokpo, Yosu, Tongyoung, Busan SRR. This paper recommends that many Rescue Vessels and Equipments need to the reduction of risk level about those.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.28 no.10 s.96
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• pp.909-915
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• 2004

This paper suggests an evaluation of risk level for damage of marine accidents in SRRs. Qualitative analyses in words is sometimes priorior to quantative analyses in numeric symbols. This paper introduces a concept of fuzzy theory with the plenty of related literature riview and AHP in the Korean SRRs of RCC and RSC. The methodology of this paper is $max{\cdot}min$ composition of fuzzy extensive principle, defuzzifiation is centroid of gravity methods. At the result, the evaluation of risk level is especially over Serious for marine accident of Busan SRRs. This paper recommends that many Rescue Vessels and Equipments need to the reduction of risk level about those.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2018

This study aims to determine the community patterns of benthic macroinvertebrates and analyze the relationship between the communities and the water quality in the Pungyeongjeong Stream. We collected the samples four times by season. The number of species was 28 and the dominant species were Cheumatopsyche brevilineata, Hydropsyche kozhantschikovi, Baetis fuscatus, Chironomidae spp., and so on. The range of the dominant index was 0.54 to 0.93 and the mean was 0.77. The range of the diversity index was 0.94 to 2.54, and of the mean index it was 1.75. The ratio of filtering-collectors and clingers got lower, but the ratio of gathering-collectors and sprawlers got higher as collection progressed from the upper stream to the lower stream. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis showed COD, SS, TOC and total coliforms were highly related with biotic indices of benthic macroinvertebrates. The results of cluster analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination showed that the survey sites and periods were divided into three groups. The survey sites were divided into upper stream and middle-lower stream. The survey periods were divided into winter season and other seasons. Distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates showed some characteristics according to various influence factors; however long-term and regular investigations were thought to need analysis and prediction with various statistical methods.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 1994

Vegetational structure and successional sere were investigated for evergreen broad-leaved forest in Hongdo. Forty-nine plots were classified into six groups, which are Camellea japonica community, Machilus thunbergii community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii-Machilus thunbergii community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii community, Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboidii-Camellea japonica community and evergreen broad-leaved mixed community by the DCA ordiantion and TWINSPAN techniques. Successional sere of the forest vegetation in the surveyed area were proceeding from Pinus densiflora through Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieholdii to Neolitsea sericea, Dendropanax morbifera, Machilus japonica, Quercus acuta and Mahilus thunbergii in the canopy layer group and from Ligustrum japonicum, Ardisia japonica. Eurya japonica. Rhaphiolepsis umbellata through Trachelosperum asiaticum, Kadsura japonica. Litsia Japonica, Camellea japonica to Aucuba japonica, Euscaphis japonica, Ficus erecta in the understory and shrub layer group.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.251-269
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• 1997

To investigate the plant community structure of Chohangyoung valley in Soraksan National Park, thirty nine plots(each size was 100m$^{2}$) were set up and surveyed and to analyze the plant community characteristics of valley area and slope area, twenty five plots in five sites were set up and surveyed. According to DCA ordination techniques, the communities were six divided into community types, which were Pinus densiflora community, P. densiflora-Populus maximowiczii community, Po. maximowiczii-P. densiflora community, Po. maszimowiczii community, Fraxinus rhyuchophylla community, Quercus serrata community. Q. serrata community was only distrivuted at slope area and the others were distributied at valley area. The successional trend of six communities was not clearly inferred. Shannon's diversity was 0.9458~1.1769(unit area:500m$^{2}$), and soil acidity was pH 4.65~6.09 in surveyed areas. According to the belt-transect analysis, the dominant species of valley area were P. densiflora, Po. maximowiczii, but the dominant species of slope area was Q. serrata.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.307-321
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• 1995

Division of ecoregions having respective functions was attempted through quantitative and qualitative analysis on vegetation diversity, and heterogeneity and on soil environment of the study sites. Field research was carried out in a square of 81 ㎢ around Andongpo (126°38'E, 37°30'N), Kimpo-gun, Kyonggi provice. Conventional methods applied are as follows: classical syntaxonomy by the Zurich-Montpellier School, interpolation method to determine the degree of diversity, heterogeneity and distribution pattern of vegetation, and correlation analysis between soil properties and plant communities. 41 plant communities were identified and composed of 6 forests, 4 mantle and 31 herb communities including 6 saltmarsh plant communities. In a mesh, number of plant communities was highly correlated to the number of species. The highest number of plant community and species was 25 communities·km-2·mesh-1 and 381 species· km-2·mesh-1 ,and the highest value of vegetation heterogeneity was 28.1 species· community-1·mesh-1. Their lowest numbers were 4 communities·km-2·mesh-1. and 28 species·km-2·mesh-1. and 7 species·community-1·mesh-1, respectively. Contour map on vegetation diversity and heterogeneity enabled us to establish two regions; coastal and inland vegetation. Isoline 〔150〕,〔10〕and〔10〕and〔15〕on the species diversity, the community diversity and the vegetation heterogeneity, respectively, were regarded as ecolines in the study area. Cl- content was recognized as the most important factor from correlation analysis between soil properties. Ordination of sites indicated that the study area be divided into two edaphic types: inland and coastal habitats. It was considered that the extent of desalinization in soil played a major role in determining the species composition in the reclamed area. By matching edaphic division of habitats with division of vegetation structures, designation of ecoregion was endorsed. The approach of current study was suggested as an effective tool to implement an assessment of the vegetation dynamics by the disparity of natural environment and anthropogenic interferences.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2016

We conducted the study on the relationship between the distribution of coastal sand dune plants and edaphic factors from the shoreline to inland in sand dune ecosystem. The application of TWINSPAN classification based on 10 species, led to the recognition of three vegetative groups (A-C), which associated with their habitats (foredune, hummuck in semistable zone and stable zone). The associations were separated along soil gradient far from the seashore. The relationships between species composition and environmental gradients were explained by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Distance from the shoreline was an important indicator to determine soil properties (pH, total ion contents, sand particle sizes, organic matters and nitrogen contents) from the seaward area to inland area and distribution pattern of coastal sand dune plants. Group A is foredune zone, characterized by Calystegia soldanella; group included typical foredune species such as Elymus mollis, Carex kobomugi, Ixeris repens, C. soldanella and Glehnia littoralis. Group B on semi-stabilized zone was characterized by Vitex rotundifolia, a perennial woody shrub. This group was associated the proportion of fine sand size (100 to 250 μm). The results on the proportion of soil particle size showed a transition in sand composition, particularly with respect to the proportion of fine sand size that occurred from the foredune ridge at 32.5 m to the Vitex rotundifolia community at 57.5 m from the shoreline. Group C on stabilized zone was characterized by Zoysia macrostachya, Lathyrus japonicus and Cynodon dactylon and were associated soil organic matter and nitrogen contents. The spatial distribution of plants in the Goraebul coastal sand dune system may result from the interactions between the plant species and environmental heterogeneity.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

Despite it has been mentioned that the successful restoration in landscape level was achieved in the Young-il soil erosion control project, quantitative evaluation of restored plant communities (Alnus firma as introduced species and Pinus thunbergii as native species) was hardly founded. Light availability, litter and woody debris cover, and forest structure and composition were determined for 500 m² band-quadrat in three forest types. Abiotic factors of Q. serrata stands, as reference forest, and A. firma stands were similar but not for P. thunbergii stands. There were no significant difference on mean stem density (stems ha^-1, H = 3.6, p = 0.162), and the mean basal area of each stand had marginal significance (m² ha^-1, H = 5.7, p = 0.058) among stands as total basal area was higher with the order of A. firma (21.4 m² ha^-1), P. thunbergii (19.8 m² ha^-1) and Q. serrata (16.2 m² ha^-1). Restoration of vegetation structure was more effective in fast-growing and N-fixing A. firma, as introduced species plantation. However, result of MRPP, NMS ordination and ISPAN for herbaceous layer, not for tree and shrub species composition, indicated that restoration of ground vegetation was likely influenced highly from local environment. Propagule availability from landscape context such as connectedness to natural vegetation and management practices in restored isolated stands are available explanations for restoration effects and gaps between restored plantations and secondary oak forest.