• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.5
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• pp.593-599
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• 2001

We tested if the treatment of Beauveria bassiana would influence invertebrate communities in litter and soils by multivariate analysis. The PCA (principal components analysis) was used for the analysis. Using the distances between communities in the ordination space, we carried out statistical tests whether any factors would influence structures of the communities. We did not found any significant effects of the Beauveria treatment on invertebrate communities in both litter and soils.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1995

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution pattern of plants on streamside of Kyonganchon, which is a tributary of the Han River, and to determine the relationships between plant distribution and environmental factors. Fifteen study sites were selected along the Kyonganchon, and vegetation distribution pattern and soil environmental factors were determined. The most frequently ocurring species in the study sites were Persicaria thunbergii, Persicaria hydropiper, Echinochloa crus-galli and Bidens frondosa, and among them the two Persicaria species were dominants of the community. Many species showed different distribution along the stream:Chenopodium album, Equisetum arvense and Setaria viridies occurred in the upstream region, while Rumex crispus, Leonurus sibiricus and Rorippa islandica occurred in the middle and downstream regions. Analysis of soil properties showed that organic matter and clay content were higher in the upstream region while sand content was higher in the downstream region. The results of DCA ordination showed that axis one was positively correlated with organic matter and clay content and negatively correlated with sand content, indicating that the distribution pattern of vegetation along the Kyonganchon was determined by elevational gradient from upstream to downstream region or gradient of stream width and water level, and by soil organic matter content and soil texture related to these gradients.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.209-218
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• 1989

In order to elucidate the relationship among the several forest types in the green-sbelt nearby Seoul, the vascular plant species data collected preferentially from 52 stands were subjected to DCA (detrended correspondence analysis). Eight types of forests were arranged on the I/II plane fo DCA stand ordination, Quercus mongolica, Alnus hirsuta, Populus alba $\times$ glandulosa, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis and pinus rigida forest. Correlation analysis between the stand scores of DCA and environmental factors revealed that the axis I of DCA stand ordination implied the gradient of altitude, organic matter, total nitrogen and depth of A horizon. The axis II implied the gradient of total nitrogen and soluble phosphorus. The results of PCA (principal components analysis) by environmental data were in good agreement with that of DCA by floristic data. The recruitments of Quercus spp. Occurred in all kinds of forest types in the green-belt and their recruitments were closely related with altitutde: Quercus dentata in the foot. Quercus serrata in the midslope and Quercus mongolica in the uperslope of the mountain.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.67-72
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• 2005

This paper aims to evaluates the operation efficiency with two inputs and four outputs with the use of DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis), a qualitative data analysis with the use of expert assessment in Korean RCC(Rescue Co-ordination Center)/RSC(Rescue Sub-Center). The tool for integrating heterogeneous data is model that applies fuzzy logic to decision support system In this paper, therefor, RCC/RSC evaluates the priority for operation efficiency. The result are found as order as Inchon, Mokpo, Jeju, Donghae, Busan, Pohang, Yosu, Sokcho, Tongyeong, Ulsan, Taean, Gunsan RSC.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1989

Four external and 22 cranial characters of 279 specimens representing 24 species of six orders of Korean mammals were measured. The data were analyzed by phenetic methods such as ordination as well as clustering techniques. Morphological distances were also calculated. Phenetic studies yield taxonomic placements of Siberian mink, Palearetic squirrel, and big white-toothed shrew which are incorrect. Morphological differences among Korean mammals at ordinal level in the taxonomic hierarchy are larger than those among other mammals: morphological differences below ordinal level are comparable to those among other mammals. Average taxonomic distances and morphological differences among Korean mammals at various levels in the taxonomic hierarchy are jointly monotonic, although the value of Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient between average taxonomic distance matrix and morphological difference marrix is 0.59.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.149-164
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• 1985

Intertidal algal community of Muchangpo in western coast of Korea was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. Seasonal changes of algal occurrence, dominant species in cover, vertical zonation pattern and biomass were analysed. A total of sixty-four species of marine algae, one blue-green alga, three green algae, nineteen brown algae and forty-one red algae, were identified. The dominant species in cover were Sargassum thunbergii, Gelidium divaricatum and Pelvetia siliquosa throughout the year. Gloiopeltis furcata was abundant at upper and middle littoral zones and Corallina pilulifera at lower littoral zone. Classification by unweighted pair-group average method and ordination by reciprocal averaging based on the cover data indicated that, on the whole, the intertidal algal vegetation showed different patterns along tidal levels. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 57.2~92.8 g-dry/$m^2$, and the highest in summer and the lowest in spring season. Seasonal change of community structure was also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

Arundinaria munsuensis population were classified into Lespedeza maximowiczii dominant population and Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora dominant population in the habitat of Jiri Mt. In the study sites, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorous, exchangeable K, exchangeable Ca, exchangeable Mg contained, cation exchange capacity, and soil pH were ranged from 14.52~16.13%, 0.57~0.59%, 5.57~10.24 (mg/kg), 0.44~0.49 ($cmol^+/kg$), 0.62~0.92 ($cmol^+/kg$), 0.31~0.32 ($cmol^+/kg$), 28.26~32.44 ($cmol^+/kg$) and 4.33~4.48 respectively. DCCA ordination analysis showed that Lespedeza maximowiczii dominant population dwells where pH, exchangeable Ca and exchangeable Mg content are high and Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora dominant population is placed where CEC, total nitrogen and organic matter content are high.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.35-47
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• 1990

This study was executed to analyze the vegetational landscape structure and administration planning of Heonin Royal Tomb forest by three kinds of ordination techniques (PCA, RA and DCA) and comparison of the couple photographs between 1920s and 1980s. Seventeen sites in the recreation area and fifteen sites in the protective area were sampled with clumped sampling method in June 1988 and five quadrats were examined in each site. Environmental impact grade 3, 4 and 5 area covered 56.4% of the surveyed area and these area should be restored by the input of human energy. Pinus densifora community of actual vegetation covered 8.4%, Alnus japonica 24.2% and Quercus community 40.9% of the total area. And the afforested vegetation of Pinus koraiensis and Pinus rigida covered 23.1 % The recreation area was divided by P. densiflora, P. densiflora-Quercus aliena, A. japonica-Q.aliena, A. japonica and the protective area by Q. acutissima, Q. aliena, A. japonica-Q. aliena.. DCA ordination showed that successional trends of tree species seem to be from P. densiflora, Sorbus alnifolia, Styrax obassia to Q. variabilis Q. serrata in P. densiflora community and from A. japonica through A. ginnala to Q. aliena in A. japonica community of the upper layer. By the comparison of the couple photographs between 1920s and 1980s, we can recognize the change of historical landscape composed of P. densiflora community and those community is succeeded to Q. aliena.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2019

Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana is an endangered deciduous shrub distributed in mountain areas that is vulnerable to climate change. The purpose of this study was to provide foundational data on the physical characteristics, soil environment, and vegetation structure of habitats of Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana habitat in Korea in order to help with management decisions on ecosystem restoration. Rock exposure was 15 to 35%, with an average of 24%. The native habitat of D. pseudomezereum included 129 taxa consisting of 46 families and 95 genera. Two-way cluster analysis divided the habitat into three plant communities: Community I (dominaterd by Tilia amurensis and Quercus mongolica), Community II (dominaterd by Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Acer pseudosieboldianum), and Community III (dominaterd by Ulmus davidiana var. japonica). The diversity indices for Communities I, II, and III were 1.124, 1.047 and 0.932, respectively. The soils were loam or clay loam. Soil pH, organic matter content, and available phosphoric acid were 5.40, 14.38%, and 31.08 ppm, respectively. Ordination analysis resulted that most significant factors influencing D. pseudomezereum distribution were magnesium content of soil, shrub layer, and altitude.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.447-452
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• 2019

This study was conducted in 2016-2017 to provide the basic ecological data needed to establish environmental conditions for the cultivation of wild vegetables. It used TWINSPAN to classify the vegetation structure of natural habitats of wild vegetable nationwide and DCCA ordination to analyze the correlation between the by community structure and environmental factors. We performed TWINSPAN on 100 taxa with high importance values in 91 plots of major habitats of wild vegetables. The vegetation was classified into Cirsium setidens and Synurus deltoides group, Ligularia fischeri and Hemerocallis fulva group, Adenophora divaricata var. manshurica group, Platycodon grandiflorum and Aster scaber group, Aralia elata and Pteridium aquilinum group, and Pimpinella brachycarpa and Osmunda japonica group communities. We then performed DCCA ordination of 11 communities classified by TWINSPAN and 11 environmental factors. The results showed that the altitude had the strongest correlation with the vegetation. The Cirsium setidens, Synurus deltoids, and Lifularia fischeri communities were distributed in areas with similar environmental factors such as high altitude, gentle slope, and nutrient. The Aralia elata and Osmunda japonica communities were distributed in the location environment with low altitude, pH, O.M, T-N, $Ca^{2+}$, and C.E.C. The Hemerocallis fulva community was distributed in the location environment with moderate northeastern and northwestern slope, low altitude and pH, and high $P_2O_5$, whereas the Adenophora divaricata var. manshurica community was distributed in the location environment with gentle southeastern and southwestern slope, high altitude and pH, and low $P_2O_5$, which was the opposite tendency of the location environment from Hemerocallis fulva community. The Platycodon grandiflorum community was distributed in the location environment with gentle southwestern slope, low altitude, pH, O.M, T-N, $P_2O_5$, $Ca^{2+}$, and C.E.C., and high $Mg^{2+}$. The Pteridium aquilinum community was distributed in the location environment with southwestern slope, low altitude, O.M, T-N, C.E.C, $P_2O_5$, $Ca^{2+}$, and $K^+$. The Aster scaber and Pimpinella brachycarpa communities were widely distributed in many plots with various location environments.