• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.22
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• pp.303-327
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• 2011

This study aims to uncover the learner's language proficiency shown in the writing data of Chinese elementary/intermediate level learners. Language proficiency of the learners acquired by error analysis provides only partial information, and thus this study analyses the interlanguage of Korean learners in terms of 'Mean Length of Utterance, MLU' to discover the overall aspect of learner's language proficiency more symmetrically. The analysis of vocabulary area is to be enforced after generally studying the learner's language development aspect in accordance with MLU-m(orpheme) and MLU-(w)ord found in compositions by Chinese speaking Korean language learners. In terms of MLU, it has been slightly increased as the level of proficiency between elementary level and intermediate level learners; however, the morpheme seemed to be difficult to use, since the difference between Chinese learners and Korean university students has been notably shown. Vocabulary diversity, using aspect for each word class, and using aspect of the predicate are studied for vocabulary area; more various and numerous vocabulary tend to be used as the level of proficiency increases. In terms of predicate use, Chinese learners use less numerous vocabulary types.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.750-759
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• 2020

The wide application of various integrated location-based services (LBS social) and tourism application (app) has generated a large amount of trajectory space data. The trajectory data are used to identify popular tourist attractions with high density of tourists, and they are of great significance to smart service and emergency management of scenic spots. A hot spot analysis method is proposed, based on spatial clustering of trajectory stop points. The DBSCAN algorithm is studied with fast clustering speed, noise processing and clustering of arbitrary shapes in space. The shortage of parameters is manually selected, and an improved method is proposed to adaptively determine parameters based on statistical distribution characteristics of data. DBSCAN clustering analysis and contrast experiments are carried out for three different datasets of artificial synthetic two-dimensional dataset, four-dimensional Iris real dataset and scenic track retention point. The experiment results show that the method can automatically generate reasonable clustering division, and it is superior to traditional algorithms such as DBSCAN and k-means. Finally, based on the spatial clustering results of the trajectory stay points, the Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot analysis and mapping are conducted in ArcGIS software. The hot spots of different tourist attractions are classified according to the analysis results, and the distribution of popular scenic spots is determined with the actual heat of the scenic spots.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.419-426
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• 2022

The digital economy is becoming an increasingly important source of regional competitiveness enhancement. The purpose of this research is to examine the spatial distribution characteristics of China's digital economy from 2016 to 2019. Moran's I analysis was performed to see if China's digital economy has spatial self-correlation. The Getis-Ord General G test was used to determine the clustering type of China's digital economy. In addition, we used OLS and GWR methodologies to figure out what drives China's digital economy level. The findings show that the digital economy is rapidly expanding throughout China; yet, there is a significant regional imbalance in the digital economy level in China, and the agglomeration of the digital economy is increasing over time. Furthermore, the findings reveal that human capital, information staff, telegram income, and Internet access are vital factors in the development of the digital economy. To close the digital economy gap, policymakers must invest in human capital and technology innovation. Simultaneously, the government must speed up the development and implementation of electronic information services.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

This study presents the results of designing a system that determines the location of a person in an indoor environment based on a single IMU sensor attached to the tip of a person's shoe in an area where GPS signals are inaccessible. By adjusting for human footfall, it is possible to accurately determine human location and trajectory by correcting errors originating from the Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) combined with advanced machine learning algorithms. Although there are various techniques to identify stepping, our study successfully recognized stepping with 98.7% accuracy using an artificial intelligence model known as Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Drawing upon the enhancements in our methodology, this article demonstrates a novel technique for generating a 200-meter trajectory, achieving a level of precision marked by a 2.1% error margin. Indoor pedestrian navigation systems, relying on inertial measurement units attached to the feet, have shown encouraging outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 1980

This is a review of the theory and practical uses of the $Hom{\grave{e}}s$' systematic variations in the fertilizer experiments. General characteristics of the method are as follows : 1 ) It could be recommended as a reasonable met hod for fertilizer experiments in order to improve the weak points in the conventional methods. 2 ) This met hod is a determination of the total amount of nutrients and the relative proportion of each nutrient in the total. 3 ) Concerning of the high yields of crops this met hod should be adapted for the systematic fertilization. 4 ) This is an usable method not only for the macro- but also micro elements investigations.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 1967

A new alkaloid named Spirajine(m.p. 182~$184^{\circ}C$ $[{\alpha}]d^{19}+3.4^{\circ}$ in $CHCl_3$, $C_{23}H_{33}NO_3$, colorless prism) was isolated from the leaves of Spiraea Koreana Nakai (Spiraeceae) (Korean name "Chamjopab namu") which grows in the mountaineous area of Korea, by process of Scheme I (yields 0.13%). Another two unidentified alkaloids (not yet crystallized) were separated by the method of thin layer chromatography. (The Rf values of the two unidentified alkaloids were 0.66, 0.77, respectively and Spirajine 0.72) Spirajine were subjected to the structural investigation with the use of ultra violet and infra red spectrophotometry, and opical rotatory dispersion. The alkaloid contains two ketonic carbonyl groups, tertiary hydroxyl group, methyl groups, N-methyl group and both cyclohexane ring and cyclopentane ring.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.22 no.3 s.56
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• pp.181-185
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• 1983

Ditylenchus destructor Thorne 1945 was found to be the causal organism of the new root rot disease of Panax ginseng, which occurred extensively in Dongseong area of Cheolweon-gun, Gangweon Province, Korea in 1982. Thirty-six percent of the investigated fields was damaged due to the potato rot nematode. Infected roots showed brown discoloration of cortex and suberization outside the cambium. Cortex of the severly infected roots became sponge-like in texture and cavity was produced in the central portion of the root. Only the severely infected ginseng plants exhibited sympotoms of sudden wilting of leaves. The number of potato rot nematode in such field soils was $8.5\~222/30g$ soil, while there was no such symptoms on leaves if the number was less than 7.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.310-318
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• 1983

Four methods of vegetation analysis were compared to determine the most suitable method to use in transplanted rice. The highest number of weed species, 14 was obtained with the list quadrat method while the least number, 8 was obtained with the line intercept method. The clip quadrat method tended to overestimate weed species with a low moisture content such as Sagittaria trifolia L. and Ludwigia prostrata Roxb while for the list quadrat method, weed species with a high moisture content such as Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. and Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f) Pres 1 were overestimated. With the line intercept method, weed species having conspicuous leaf blades such as S. trifolia and Potamogeton distinctus Benn. were dominant. Of the methods tested, the line intercept method was the least desirable because it accounted for the least number of weed species. Any of the others could be use for vegetation analysis without any significant problems arising. However, preference was given to the point quadrat method because of the ease of measurement. It was also less tedious and less time consuming than the other methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 1996

Environmental impact assessment survey reflecting farmers` opinion on the residence and production space in rural settlement area by ORD showed that more than 86% of respondents thought their reservoirs and waterways (small rivers) were getting seriously contaminated primarily by garbage and livestock manure. A typical rural settlement unit was taken to assess the impact of improper management of livestock manure in the farms on the water quality of small river flowing down along the villages where swine and dairy farms were situated in Daejook 2, 3-ri, Seolseong-myun, Icheon-gun. Nitrogen compounds such as NO$_3$-N, NO$_2$-N, NH$_3$-N, and phosphorus compound H$_x$PO$_4$, DO, BOD$_5$, COD, and microbial density were analyzed to evaluate water quality at five test sites designated along the water stream. Tests showed. for example, BOD$_5$ at site 4 was average 9.2mg/l which was about 3~8 times higher than that of observation site 2 and 3, at which most livestock houses were situated. This is a clear evidence that the nutrients of livestock manure illegally discharged to small river can lead to an eutrophication of the river at downstream. A soil absorption system with aeration could be one of alternatives to treat the contaminated wastewater by livestock manure. The place at downstream, inbetween observation site 1 and 2, could be the best construction site for the treatment facility from the standpoint of the overall treatment efficiency, An enclosed composting system can also be regarded as a good alternative for treatment of the sludge which is the by-product of the soil absorption system operation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.1 s.50
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• pp.23-26
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• 1982

The present study was carried out to investigate the change of peroxidase activity of soybean seed infected with Cerrospora kikurhii. The protein content, polyphenol oxidase activity and peroxidase isozyme pattern in health and infected soybean seed were also compared. 1. The peroxidase activity was substantially higher in the infected soybean seeds than that in the healthy seeds either cracked or not. No significant differences in protein content were recognized among the seeds tested. 2. No significant differences in peroxidase activities and protein contents were notified between healthy and infected seeds from the measurements on each parts of dissected seeds, cotyledon and seedcoat, however the peroxidase activity in the seed coat of the stained seed was 2.5 times to healthy seed. 3. The activities of polyphenel oxidase were undectable in both healthy and diseased seeds. 4. The electrophoretic Patterns of the Peroridase isozyme were the same between healthy and in footed seed. 5. Therefore, the increase of peroxidase activity in infected soybean seedcoat was mainly due to the biochemical reaction against the pathogen.