• 종양간호연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2006

Purpose: With accumulated necessity to develop Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) in Korea, various types of Nurse Practitioner (NP) programs have been recently developed. Unlike the origin of the NP programs in the U.S., in which the lack of primary health care provider preceded the creation of NP education, NP programs in Korea are currently in an early stage in which the scope of practice and educational boundaries are still evolving. Just imitating American models may result in culturally inappropriate and practically non-feasible APN programs in Korea. This article was aimed to evaluate the top-ranked Oncology NP (ONP) programs in U.S. with those in Korea. Method: Using the Donabedian paradigm, the educational structure, process, and outcome were compared and contrasted between two countries. Results: The findings of this paper demonstrated that many aspects of structure of the Korean program are similar to those of the Americans with minor differences. Three strategies for future development of ONP program in Korea are suggested. Conclusion: Practical and feasible scope of practice for ONP in Korea should be determined. It needs to embrace every aspects of cancer experience. Also, nursing-oriented and culturally competent practice needs to be identified and incorporated into the ONP practice.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2008

As the demands of environment protection increases, the pulp mold container is developed to substitute for EPS (expanded polystyrene) as a shock absorbing packaging material. The water-absorbing ratio and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and compressive strength of pulp mold are important factors to evaluate its shock absorbing characteristics. Influences of mixing ratios of ONP (old newspaper) and OCC (old corrugated container) on physical properties of pulp mold were investigated at various conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The optimum mixing ratio of ONP and OCC was also searched based on physical properties. The results showed that when relative humidity was increased from 60% to 90%, the water absorption ratio of pulp mold increased significantly, tensile strength decreased 20$\sim$30%, and compressive strength decreased 10$\sim$20%. In addition, the optimum mixing ratio of ONP and OCC was found to be 50%:50%.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.44-54
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• 2013

Replacing OMG (old magazine) to ONP (old newspaper) by raising optical property through $CaCO_3$ in-situ precipitation method in white duplex board presents cost reduction and possible drying energy saving. The strength property impairment by the presence of $CaCO_3$ could be supplemented by the fiber furnish treatment or strength polymer addition. In $CaCO_3$ in-situ precipitation of ONP, it was found from morphological study using FlowCAM, an image analyzer, that most of calcium carbonate were formed on the fines, and made the size of the fines larger. For the case of forming calcium carbonate only on the fractionated fines, the size of the fines were the biggest, and there were more clean surface areas available for bonding for the fractionated long fibers when fractionated fibers and fines were regrouped to make paper.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.471-474
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• 2006

Environment-friendly shock-absorbing materials were made of wastepaper such as old corrugated containers (OCC) and old newspapers (ONP) with a vacuum forming method. The plate-like cushioning materials made of OCC and ONP respectively by vacuum forming showed superior shock-absorbing properties with lower elastic moduli compared to expanded polystyrene (EPS) and pulp mold. Even though the plate-like materials had many free voids in their fiber structure, their apparent densities (${\approx}0.1g/cm^{3}$) were a little higher than that of EPS (${\approx}0.03g/cm^{3}$) and much lower than that of pulp mold (${\approx}0.3g/cm^{3}$). However, the elastic moduli of the cushioning materials made of wastepaper were much lower than that of EPS or pulp mold. This finding implies that the cushioning materials made of OCC fibers containing more lignin than ONP show better shock-absorbing properties than ONP Moreover, the cushioning materials made of OCC and ONP respectively showed greater porosity than pulp mold. The addition of cationic starch to the cushioning materials contributed to an increase in the elastic modulus to the same level as that of EPS. Furthermore, the deterioration in fiber quality by repeated use of wastepaper played a great role in improving shock-absorbing ability.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2004

Waste papers(MOW and ONP) were deinked with alkaline cellulolytic enzyme from Coprinus cinereus 2249. The effectiveness of alkaline enzyme on sticky contaminant removal and bleaching of recycling pulp was investigated. The conclusions obtained from the results are as follows. The brightness of deinked pulps MOW and ONP was most high in 0.4IU enzyme treatment. \circled2 The removal effect of sticky contaminant was enhanced with alkaline cellulolytic enzyme treatment. Bleaching with sodium hydrosulfite was most effective in one and two stage bleaching after enzyme treatment of mixed wastepaper of MOW and colored paper. \circled4 The brightness of alkaline enzyme deinked ONP was increased 20％ with $H_2O$$_2$ bleaching.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2005년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.192-196
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• 2005

• 청정기술
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2004

기능성 고분자와 셀룰라아제가 화학적으로 결합된 수식 셀룰라아제를 이용하여 폐신문용지(Old Newsprint, ONP)의 탈묵공정에 적용하였다. 수식 셀룰라아제 중의 셀룰라아제는 섬유의 피브릴화(fibrillation)를 촉진시켜 잉크입자의 박리를 향상시켰으며, 수식 셀룰라아제 중의 수식 고분자가 탈묵공정에서 분리된 잉크입자를 부상제거하는 새로운 탈묵 공정이 완성되었다. 수식 셀룰라아제를 이용한 공정은 극소량의 수식 셀룰라아제의 사용으로 인장강도, 백감도(brightness), 백색도(whiteness)를 포함한 물리적 성질을 기존 탈묵공정에서의 그것보다 향상시켰다. 잉크와 섬유의 결합은 저장 기간이 증가함에 따라 더욱 강해지고, 기존의 방법으로는 잉크입자 제거가 어려운 반면, 수식 셀룰라아제를 이용한 공정은 잉크입자 제거에 매우 탁월한 효과를 나타내었고, 약 1년간의 보존 기간을 가진 폐신문용지의 탈묵 효과를 41% 향상시켰다. 또한 이 공정은 황변현상을 제거했으며, 섬유의 피브릴화를 촉진시켜 재생지의 물리적 성질인 인장강도와 내부결합도를 향상시켰다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2014

The kind and the mixing ratio of recovered papers would affect the quality of final recycled paper. In this study, effects of the mixing ratio of various domestic recycled papers (old news print (ONP), old corrugated container (OCC) and coated paper (CP)) on variations in physical properties of paper and its productivity were investigated. When the mixing ratio of CP grade increased, the freeness (CSF) of recycled pulp was increased while paper strength and white water turbidity was decreased. Paper strength was decreased as the percentage of OCC was higher than ONP. When ONP was mixed with OCC, no adverse effect was observed except the increased drainage resistance. It is expected that these results could be utilized as fundamental data to establish regulations for the recovered paper grades according to mixing ratios of different kinds of them.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2001

To manufacture toilet tissue with ONP (old newspaper), the effect of fractionation fiber (R150, R100, R70 mesh) and bleaching(P, PY), blending (70/30) with MOW(mixed office wastepaper) or WL(white ledger) and the addition of softener on the optical and mechanical properties were studied. Considering the pulp yield, brightness and strengths, fibers of R100 mesh fraction were proper to be produced to toilet paper from ONP. This pulp showed the pulp yield of 76.8%, brightness of 50.2% ISO and tensile index of 21.1 Nm/g. By the bleach with P and PY stages, the brightness of the pulps increased up to 60.3% ISO and 61.8% ISO, respectively. When blended with MOW (57.3% ISO) or WL (76.2% ISO), the brightness of the former increased up to 58.5% ISO, the latter up to 63.6% ISO. The strengths of pulp blended with WL were higher than those of fractionated pulp from 100% ONP, however there was no difference in strengths between fractionated pulp and blended pulp wth MOW. While the addition of softener improved the softness of paper, but it decreased strengths of pulp and extended dispersing time in water.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.285-297
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• 2007

As the demands of environment protection increase, the pulp mold container is developed to substitute for the plastic cushion materials like EPS(expanded poly styrene). The water-absorbing ratio, tensile strength and compressive strength of pulp mold are important factors to evaluate its shock absorbing characteristics. The study was performed to investigate the effects of the mechanical property changes on the various conditions of temperature and relative humidity for pulp mold containers made of mixed materials on ONP(old newspaper) and OCC(old corrugated container). This study also is evaluated the optimized mixing ratio of materials for making pulp mold by analyzing the changes of physical properties according to a various procured temperature and relative humidity conditions. The results show that the water absorption ratio of sample increased significantly, and tensile strength decreased $20{\sim}30%$, compressive strength decreased $10{\sim}20%$ by increasing relative humidity condition. And the results show that the ONP 50% and OCC 50% was optimized mixing ratio according to the samples.