• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2005

Corynebacterial clones which exert regulatory effects on the expression of the glyoxylate bypass genes were isolated using a reporter plasmid carrying the enteric lacZ fused to the aceB promoter of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Some clones carried common fragments as turned out by DNA mapping technique. Subcloning analysis followed by the measurement of $\beta-galactosidase$ activity in Escherichia coli identified the region responsible for the aceB-repressing activity. Sequence analysis of the DNA fragment identified two independent ORFs of ORF1 and ORF2. Among them, ORF2 was turned out to be responsible for the aceB-repressing activity. ORF1 encoded a 23,216 Da protein composed of 206 amino acids. Sequence similarity search indicated that the ORF may encode a ECF-type $\sigma$ factor and designated sigH. To identify the function of sigH, C. glutamicum sigH mutant was constructed by gene disruption technique and the sigH mutant showed growth retardation as compared to the wild type strain. In addition, the mutant strain showed sensitivity to oxidative-stress generating agent plumbagin. This result imply that sigH is probably involved in the stress response occurring during normal cell growth.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.31 no.4 s.87
• /
• pp.447-458
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate 1) in vivo, the expression of chondroitin 4-sulfate (CH-4S), a structural element of glycosaminoglycans(GAGs), in periodontal tissue during the experimental movement of rat incisors, by labelled streptavidine biotin immunohistochemical staining for CH-4S, 2) In vitro, the expression of CH-4S in cultured human periodontal ligament(PDL) cells supplemented with 10ng/ml of $TGF-{\beta}_1$, 20ng/ml of PDGF-BB, 1ng/ml $TNF-\alpha$, or $1{\mu}g/ml$ LPS by western blot analysis. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The expression of CH-4S was stronger in pulp, PDL, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes in experimental group than in control group, but was rare in dentin, and cementum of experimental groups, regardless of the duration of force application, which was not different from that of control group. 2. In experimental group, the expression of CH-4S in pulp began to increase at 1 day after force application and got to the highest degree at 7 days. After 14 days, the expression in CH-4S immunoreactivity was decreased, and became similar to that of control group at 28 days. 3. The expression of CH-4S in PDL was noted in adjacent to alveolar bone. PDL showed higher intensity of immunolabelling after 1 day of orthodontic tooth movement. And the expression was more stronger in the tension side than that of pressure side of PDL at 1 day, but more stronger in the pressure side than that of tension side of PDL at 4 days. After 7 days, a decrease in CH-4S expression was observed. 4. The expression of CH-4S in alveolar bone got to the highest degree at 4 days, and At 7 days, a decrease in CH-4S expression was observed. 5. PDGF-BB notably raised the expression of CH-4S in the PDL cells at 3 days of cultivation 6. The expression of CH-4S of PDL cells was decreased with the application of $TNF-\alpha$ at 1 day. 7. Admixture of $TGF-{\beta}_1$ and PDGF-BB got more expression of CH-4S in PDL as compared to only $TGF-{\beta}1$ or PDGF-BB. A similar decrease of the expression of CH-4S was observed in the case of application of LPS or $TNF-\alpha$.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.245-253
• /
• 2000

The development and progression of oral cancer is associated with an accumulation of multiple genetic alterations through the multistep processes. Comparative genomic hybridization(CGH), newly developed cytogenetic and molecular biologic technique, has been widely accepted as a useful method to allow the detection of genetic imbalance in solid tumors and the screening for chromosome sites frequently affected by gains or losses in DNA copy number. The authors examined 19 primary oral squamous cell carcinomas using CGH to identify altered chromosome regions that might contain novel oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Interrelationship between these genetic aberrations detected and major oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes previously recognized in carcinogenesis of oral cancers was studied. 1. Changes in DNA copy number were detected in 14 of 19 oral cancers (78.9%, mean: 5.58, range: $3{\sim}13$). High level amplification was present in 4 cases at 9p23, $12p21.1{\sim}q13.1$, 3q and $8q24{\sim}24.3$. Fourteen cases(78.9%, mean: 3.00, range: $1{\sim}8$) showed gains of DNA copy number and 12 cases(70.5%, mean: 2.58, range: $1{\sim}9$) revealed losses of DNA copy number. 2. The most common gains were detected on 3q(52.6%), 5p(21.0%), 8q(21.0%), 9p(21.0%), and 11q(21.0%). The losses of DNA copy number were frequently occurred at 9p(36.8%), 17q(36.8%), 13q(26.3%), 4p(21.0%) and 9p(21.0%). 3. The minimal common regions of gains were repeatedly observed at $3q24{\sim}26.7$, $3q27{\sim}29$, $1q22{\sim}31$, $5p12{\sim}13.3$, $8q23{\sim}24$, and 11q13.1-13.3. The minimal common regions of losses were detected at $9q11{\sim}21.3$, 17p31, $13q22{\sim}34$, and 14p16. 4. In comparison of CGH results with tumor stages, the lower stage group showed more frequent gain at 3q, 5q, 9p, and 14q, whereas gains at 1q($1q22{\sim}31$) and 11q($11q13.1{\sim}13.3$) were mainly detected in higher stage group. The loss at $13q22{\sim}34$ was exclusively detected in higher stage. The results indicate that the most frequent genetic alterations in the development of oral cancers were gains at $3q24{\sim}26.3$, $1q22{\sim}31$, and $5p12{\sim}13.3$ and losses at $9q11{\sim}21.3$, 17p31, and 13q. It is suggested that genetic alterations manifested as gains at $3q24{\sim}26.3$, $3q27{\sim}29$, $5p12{\sim}13.3$ and 5p are associated with the early progression of oral cancer. Gains at $1q22{\sim}31$ and $11q13.1{\sim}13.3$ and loss at 13q22-34 could be involved in the late progression of oral cancers.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.229-236
• /
• 2014

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for $MnAl_2S_4$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, $MnAl_2S_4$ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperatures were $630^{\circ}C$ and $410^{\circ}C$, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the $MnAl_2S_4$ obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, $E_g(T)=3.7920eV-5.2729{\times}10^{-4}eV/K)T^2/(T+786 K)$. In order to explore the applicability as a photoconductive cell, we measured the sensitivity (${\gamma}$), the ratio of photocurrent to dark current (pc/dc), maximum allowable power dissipation (MAPD) and response time. The results indicated that the photoconductive characteristic were the best for the samples annealed in S vapour compare with in Mn, Al, air and vacuum vapour. Then we obtained the sensitivity of 0.93, the value of pc/dc of $1.10{\times}10^7$, the MAPD of 316 mW, and the rise and decay time of 14.8 ms and 12.1 ms, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.366-372
• /
• 2009

In the course of screening of useful enzyme-producing microorganisms from marine sedimentary layers, we isolated 2 amylase producing strains and tested their amylase producing activities. Analyses of 16S rDNA sequences and biochemical methods (BIOLOG) of two isolates showed that they were confirmed to be a gram positive Bacillus sp. and gram negative Pseudoalteromonas sp., respectively. Excellent amylase producing strains were termed Bacillus sp. ST-63 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. ST-140, and further studies were conducted on their amylase producing characteristics. Optimum conditions for cell growth in amylase activity were obtained when the isolate (Bacillus sp. ST-63 and Pseudoalteromonas sp. ST-140) was cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH $7{\sim}8$.

• Journal of fish pathology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 1996

Concerned to the Ichthyophthiriasis of aquacultural fishes, the developmental features of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were studied in cultured Korean catfish, Silurus asotus, and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. In the morphological observation, the parasite developed on two kinds of parasitic and non-parasitic phases with 6 developmental stages termed phoront, trophont, protomont, tomont, tomite, and therone. The $60{\times}40-100{\times}70{\mu}m$ fusiform or spherical phoront for the invading stage has 34-38 meridional kineties and begins to develope buccal apparatus. The 80-$800{\mu}m$ spherical or amoeboid trophont for the vegetative stage has a horseshoe shape macronucleus, a inconspicuous cytostome and developmental contractile vacuoles. The 200-$800{\mu}m$ spherical protomont for the encysting stage has a inconspicuous macronucleus, abundant contractile vacuoles; and a fine gelatinous exocyst is exuded, the baccal apparatus begins to resorb. The tomont for the encysted dividing stage has a thick cyst wall, and the buccal apparatus is resorbed completely. A small 35-$50{\mu}m$ spherical tomite for each daughter cell has a cytostome end the conspicuous oral apparatus. The $25{\times}20-60{\times}40{\mu}m$ fusiform theront for the infective stage possesses a perforatorium in the anterior end, a cytostome in the mid-point respectively and has 34-38 meridional kineties. In the experiments of the reproductive, the excysted time is related to water temperature. Tomitogenesis takes 10-14 hours at $28^{\circ}C$, 12-15 hours at $26^{\circ}C$, 16-18 hours at $22^{\circ}C$, 24-28 hour at $18^{\circ}C$, 26-51 hours at $14^{\circ}C$, and 129 hours at $9^{\circ}C$ respectively.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LAG) is gaining wider acceptance as a minimally invasive treatment for early gastric cancer, but the safety, efficacy and clinical benefits of this type of surgery are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to compare laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy (LADG) and conventional open distal gastrectomy (CODG) for early gastric cancer (EGC) according to the changes of the postoperative nutritional status and acute inflammatory reaction. Materials and Methods: Eighty seven patients with EGC and who underwent a LADG between March 2006 and May 2009 at Daegu Catholic University Hospital, was enrolled. Over the same period, we enrolled 30 patients who underwent CODG and they were confirmed to have EGC from their pathology. The clinico-pathological features and serologic parameters were evaluated from the medical records and then retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were no differences in the preoperative white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP) level, albumin level, the T4/T8 ratio and the other clinical data between the two groups. The total WBC counts gradually increased and they were significant lower at the $1^{st}$ and $3^{rd}$ postoperative days in the LADG group than that in the CODG group (P=0.001 and 0.008, respectively). The postoperative CRP levels were significantly lower at postoperative $5^{th}$ day in the LADG group (P<0.001). The postoperative albumin and T4/T8 ratio gradually decreased, and the T4/T8 ratio was significantly higher at the $3^{rd}$ postoperative day in the LADG group compared to that in the CODG group (P=0.003). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the LADG has less of an influence on an acute inflammatory reaction than does CODG. Therefore, it is one of the safe and feasible procedures for the treatment of early gastric cancer.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2007

It is crucial to develop a miniaturized cultivation method for large and rapid screening of high-yielding mutants of monacolin-K, a powerful anti-hypercholesterolemic secondary metabolite biosynthesized by the fungal cells of Monascus ruber. In order to investigate as many strains as possible in a short time, a miniaturized fermentation method especially suitable for the cultivation of the filamentous Monascus mutants was developed using $50m{\ell}$ culture-tube ($7m{\ell}$ of working volume) instead of the traditional $250m{\ell}$ flask ($50m{\ell}$ of working volume). Generally, in filamentous fungal cell fermentations, morphologies in growth and production cultures should be maintained as thick filamentous and compact-pelleted (usually less than 1 mm in diameter) forms, respectively, for enhanced production of secondary metabolites in final production cultures. In this study, we intended to induce the respective optimal morphologies in the miniaturized culture system for the purpose of rapid screening of overproducers. Miniaturized growth culture system was successfully developed due to the mass production of spores in the statistically optimized solid medium. When large amounts of spores were inoculated into the growth cultures, and brown rice flour (20 g/L) was also supplemented to the growth medium, dense filamentous morphologies were successfully induced in the growth cultures performed with the 50 ml culture tubes. It was implied that the amounts of spores inoculated into the growth tube-cultures and the growth medium components should be the key factors for the induction of the filamentous forms in the growth fermentations. Furthermore, in order to statistically optimize production medium, multiple experiments based on Plackett-Burman design and response surface method (RSM) were carried out, resulting in more than 2 fold enhanced production of monacolin-K in the final production cultures with the optimized production medium. Notably, under the production culture conditions with the statistically optimized medium, optimal pellet sizes below 1 mm in diameter were reproducibly induced, in contrast to the thick and viscous filamentous morphologies observed in the previous production cultures.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.256-262
• /
• 2011

Amine can undergo irreversible reactions by $O_{2}$ and high temperature in amine scrubbing process and these phenomena are called "degradation". Degradation causes not only a loss of valuable amine, but also operational problems such as foaming, corrosion and fouling. In this study, using various chemical absorbents(MEA; monoethanolamine, AMP; 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, DAM; 1,8-diamino-p-menthane), we examined the following variable. I) loading ratio of $CO_{2}$ at $50^{\circ}C$ and $120^{\circ}C$, ii) concentration variation and initial degradation rate constant of absorbent in $CO_{2}$ and $CO_{2}/O_{2}$ system, and iii) effect of degradation by $O_{2}$. The $CO_{2}$ loading of 20 wt% DAM was 400% and 270% higher than that of 20 wt% MEA and AMP at 50, respectively and was the largest the difference of $CO_{2}$ loading between absorption $(50^{\circ}C)$ and regeneration $(120^{\circ}C)$ condition. The initial degradation rate constant of 20 wt% DAM was $2.254{\times}10^{-4}cycle^{-1}$ which was slower than that of MEA $(2.761{\times}10^{-4}cycle^{-1})$ and AMP $(2.461{\times}10^{-4}cycle^{-1})$ in $CO_{2}$ system. Also, it was increased 30% by $O_{2}$ that effects on the degradation by $O_{2}$ was less than 100% increased. these degradation reactions was able to identify by formation of new peak in GC and FT-IR spectrum analysis.

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.195-207
• /
• 1995

In order to study the embryonic development and hatching of wild long shanny, Stichaeus grigorjewi, were caught with the gill nets in the East Sea of Korea, and stocked at indoor tanks to induce natural spawning in February 25, 1994 and February 16 to 24, 1995. They were already matured when stocked, and average body length (50.66 cm) and body weight (1,192.74 g) of 57 females and average body length (48.62 cm) and body weight (612.58g) of 43 males were recorded. Before stocking, they were inserted with identification tags(ID tags) in the dorsal muscle, and spawning was traced by the portable reader (Destron/lDl Ltd.) Forty females among 57 spawned successfully in the average of 4 days after stocking. Females spawned almost all eggs contained in the ovaries at one time in the form of an egg mass and averaging 227,200 eggs Per egg mass. The egg mass was oval in shape, translucent milky in color, 20.32cm long axis and 14.57cm short axis in size, and 803.7g in weight. Male parents guarded their egg masses and circulated water with the tail part of the body. Fertilized egg was spherical in shape, and their average diameter was 1.54 mm. Each egg had a containing single oil globule, and it's average diameter was 0.37 mm. The average water temperature was $13.2^{\circ}C$ and incubation times after fertilization were 5 hours 25 minutes up to 2-cell stage, 13 hours up to morula stage, and 66 hours 35 minutes up to embryo formation stage. Hatching rate was approximately 10 percent in 368 hours 50 minutes after fertilization, and approxionateoly 90 percent of eggs were hatched in 425 hours 30 minutes after fertilization.