• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.43 no.4 s.137
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• pp.323-328
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• 2004

These studies were carried out to investigate the fumigation and contact toxicities of spearmint oil (Mentha spicata) against adults of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and sweet-potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. And we carried out the constituent analysis of spearmint oil using gas chromatograph (GC) and gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Spearmint oil showed $99.1\%,\;91.7\%,\;41.1\%$ fumigation toxicity against T. vaporariorum adults at $10{\mu}L/954mL,\;5{\mu}L/954mL,\;1{\mu}L/954mL$ air concentration, respectively. In case of B. tabaci adults, spearmint oil showed $100\%,\;100\%,\;61.3\%$ fumigation toxicity, respectively. However, spearmint oil showed < $30\%$ contact toxicity against adults of T. vaporariorum and B. tabaci. Through the constituent analysis using GC and GC/MS, we confirmed main constituents of spearmint oil were limonene ($16.1\%$), ${\gamma}$-terpinene($13.8\%$), ${\rho}$-cymene($5.8\%$), 3-octanol($6.9\%$), carvone($40.9\%$). Carvone, major constituent of spearmint oil, also showed $100\%$ fumigation toxicity at $10{\mu}L/954mL$ air concentration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1464-1469
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• 2006

The present study was conducted with twenty-four Korean native (Hanwoo) steers to observe the effect of mixed oil and monensin supplementation and duration of feeding on c9,t11-CLA content in plasma and fat tissues. The steers were randomly assigned to three groups of eight animals each according to body weight. Hanwoo steers in the control group were fed the commercial concentrate for the late fattening stage. The other groups of steers were fed the same diet as control steers, but the concentrate was supplemented with high-$C_{18:2}$ oil mixture (soybean oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil) and fish oil at 6% level of concentrate (DM basis), and monensin (20 ppm). The second and third group of steers was fed the oil mixture supplemented diet with monensin for the last 10 weeks and 20 weeks, respectively, prior to being slaughtered. The oil mixture consisted of 45% soybean oil, 20% sunflower oil, 20% safflower oil and 15% fish oil. Average daily gain (p<0.049) and feed efficiency (p<0.018) of the steers fed the diet supplemented with oil mixture and monensin (OM-M) for 20 weeks were higher than those of the other groups of steers. Dressing percent, fat thickness and longissimus muscle area were not affected by the OM-M supplementation and duration of its feeding. The OM-M supplementation increased the content of total-cholesterol (p<0.0001-0.0007) and HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001) in the plasma of steers compared to the control diet. The steers fed the OM-M diet had a higher proportion of c9,t11-CLA in plasma (p<0.048-0.044) than the control steers. Feeding the OM-M diet for 20 weeks increased the proportion of CLA in intramuscular (p<0.015), intermuscular (p<0.039) and subcutaneous (p<0.001) fat tissues compared with both steers fed the control diet and the OM-M diet for 10 weeks. Increased (p<0.007) proportion of total unsaturated fatty acids in steers fed the OM-M diet for 20 weeks compared to those in control steers was related to the increased (p<0.001) $C_{18:2}$ and decreased (p<0.001) $C_{18:0}$ proportions in subcutaneous tissue.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2017

The vehicle lubricant occupies upto 35% in a total lubricant market and engine oil occupies upto 77% in the vehicle lubricant market in Korea. A suitable quality management of the circulating engine oil is necessary for driver and engine protection. But, KS and synthetic engine oil products (involved over 30% synthetic oil) are exempt to any quality management under Petroleum and Alternative Fuel Business Act. It is also known that synthetic oils such as PAO (poly alpha olefin) have excellent properties and performance like anti-wear, varnish control and oxidation stability than those of mineral oils. For this reason, PAO has been used for an engine oil, rotary screw and reciprocating compressor in addition to heavy duty and other extreme service applications. In this study, our research group analyzed the chromatogram pattern for the mineral oil, PAO and mineral oil involved a typical ratio of PAO using SIMDIST (simulated distillation). In the SIMDIST chromatogram, the mineral oil showed a broad peak, while PAO showed a sharp typical peak. Also the oil with a large viscosity grade exhibited a long retention time due to the heavy molecular weight and high boiling point. In particular, the blended mineral oil with 20% PAO sample showed a distinctly different pattern compared to that of using the conventional mineral oil. For monitoring PAO contents in distributing engine oils, we analyzed the SIMDIST for 27 kinds of engine oils which were popularly sold in Korea. The analytic results indicate that all kinds of engine oils showed that PAO contents were below 20% in engine oil products. Moreover, the PAO titled product was found to have a small amount of PAO. Thus, we conclude that the related laws for the proper quality management of synthetic oils are needed to be established.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder. To prepare oxidized diets, squid liver oil was oxidized by aeration at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The six diets were prepared to contain 6% fresh or oxidized squid liver oil as the lipid sources in combination with three levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate at 0, 80 and 800 mg/kg diet. Triplicate groups of fish ($3.9{\pm}0.1$) were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor of fish fed the fresh oil diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the oxidized oil diets (P<0.05). The increase of the vitamin E level in diets did not result in any significant improvement on growth performance of fish fed both oil diets. The vitamin E content of the liver and dorsal muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E level at both oil diet groups. A decreasing trend in vitamin E content of the tissues was observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets at the same dietary vitamin E level. Significantly higher moisture content and lower crude lipid content were observed in the whole body of fish fed the oxidized oil diets than fish fed the fresh oil diets (P<0.05). Dietary lipid source affected the fatty acid content of the whole body; higher contents of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, and lower n-3 HUFA contents such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets than those of fish fed fresh oil diets. The results of this study suggest that the dietary oxidized oil may impair the growth performance, and an increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate supplementation have no beneficial effect on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile flounder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.311-319
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of supplementation of fish oil and canola oil in the diet on milk yield, milk components and fatty acid composition of Holstein dairy cows in early lactation. Eight multiparous early lactation Holstein cows ($42{\pm}12$ DIM, $40{\pm}6kg$ daily milk yield) were fed a total mixed ration supplemented with either 0% oil (Control), 2% fish oil (FO), 1% canola oil +1% fish oil (FOCO), or 2% canola oil (CO) according to a double $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Each period lasted 3 wk; experimental analyses were restricted to the last week of each period. Supplemental oils were added to a basal diet which was formulated according to NRC (2001) and consisted of 20% alfalfa, 20% corn silage and 60% concentrate. Milk yield was similar between diets (p>0.05), but dry matter intake (DMI) was lower (p<0.05) in cows fed FO diet compared to other diets. Milk fat percentage and daily yield decreased (p<0.01) with the supplementation of fish and canola oil. The daily yield and percentage of milk protein, lactose and solids-not-fat (SNF) were not affected by diets (p>0.05). The proportion (g/100 g fatty acids) of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased (p<0.05) in milk of all cows fed diets supplemented with oil. The proportions of 6:0, 8:0, 10:0 12:0 and 14:0 fatty acids in milk fat decreased (p<0.01) for all diets supplemented with oil, but the proportions of 14:1, 16:0 and 16:1 fatty acids were not affected by diets (p>0.05). The proportion of trans(t)-18:1 increased (p<0.01) in milk fat of cows fed FO and FOCO diets, but CO diet had the highest proportion of cis(c)-11 18:1 (p<0.01). The concentration of t-10, c-12 18:2, c-9 t-11 18:2, 18:3, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) increased (p<0.05) in FO and FOCO diets in comparison with the other two diets. These data indicate that including fish oil in combination with canola oil significantly modifies the fatty acid composition of milk.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.685-691
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• 1993

This study was designed to examine effects of the various levels of sardine and safflower oil mix on lipid contents of serveral tissues in dietary hyperlipidemic rats. Experimental oils were 16% butter(control group), 8% butter +8% olive oil(group 2) 8% butter+8% sardine oil(group 3) 8% butter+6% sardine oil+2% safflower oil(group 4), 8% butter+4% sardine oil+4% safflower oil(group 5),8% butter+2% sardine oil+6% safflower oil(group 6) and 8% butter+8% safflower oil(group 7). The diet administered to the male rats of Sprague-Dawley were fed for 4 weeks. In livers, total cholesterol and triglyceride, phospholipid concentrations were lowest in the group 5 and free cholesterol concentrations were lower in the groups 4 and 5, particularly. Total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in brain were significantly lower in the group 5 and phospholipids were lowest in the group 3, while free cholesterol were group 7. In testes, total cholesterol and triglyceride, phospholipid, free cholesterol concentrations were lower in the all experimental groups than the control group, but those of kidney were lower in the groups 3, 7 than in the control group. Feeding mixed oil having equal quantity of sardine oil and safflower oil were effective on the reduction of the lipid contents in the principal tissues. It might be due to the effects of appropriate ratios of P/S, 0.85 and n-6/n3-p, 2.85 in the test lipids.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Once oil has spilled, oil spill responders use a variety of countermeasures to reduce the adverse effects of spilled oil on the environment. Mechanical methods of containment and recovery are preferred as the first response when the use of other methods fail or are ineffective. In these cases, the application of oil dispersants shall be use only as a last resort. While effectiveness of dispersants in removing oil form the sea surface is proven, the use of dispersants is controlled in almost all countries due to the toxicity of their active agents and the dispersed oil on the marine environment. However, according to reports, after dispersant application, no significant toxicity to fish or shrimp was observed in the field-collected samples. Moreover, the results also indicate that dispersant-oil mixtures are generally no more toxic to the aquatic test species than oil alone. During the Deepwater Horizon Incident, dispersants were applied to floating oil and injected into the oil plume at depth. These decisions were carefully considered by state and federal agencies, as well as BP, to prevent as much oil as possible from reaching sensitive shoreline habitats. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis for dispersant use assumed that dispersants appear to prevent long-term contamination resulting absence of oil in the substrate and will benefit marine wildlife by decreasing the risk of significant contamination to feathers or fur. Further study to use dispersants with scientific baseline is needed for our maritime environment which consistently threaten huge oil spill incidents occurrence.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2015

White grub damages various crops, trees and they can also be one of the most serious pests of turf grass in golf courses. This study was conducted to determine the biocontrol of white grubs with 18 different kinds (anise, camphor, castor, cinnamon, clove oil, citronella, fennel, geranium, lavender, lemongrass, linseed, neem, peppermint, pine, rosemary, tea-tree, thyme, and turpentine) of plant essential oils in laboratory, green house and field. Anise oil (88.9%), linseed oil (100%), and tea-tree oil (88.9%) were highly effective among tested essential oils against 3rd instar of Bifurcanmala aulax in cap vial experiment. However, anise and linseed oils showed low mortality against $3^{rd}$ instar of Popillia japonica in pot greenhouse experiment. Efficacy of anise, linseed oil, and tea-tree was also different depending on target white grub in field trials. Correlated mortality showed 32.6% only in tea-tree oil treatment against pupae of Adoretus tenuimaculatus however, correlated mortality of anise, linseed and tea-tree oil were 54.8, 51.6 and 56.5% respectively against $3^{rd}$ instar of Exomala orientalis in the field trial in Adelscott Country Club in Hapcheon, Gyeongnam province.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.211-215
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• 2009

Concentrations of benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene in edible oils from Korean market were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. Benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene known of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), has been found at variable concentrations in several foods. This is associated with several factors during the process including contaminated raw materials, exposure of environment, and procedure of process or cooking. The levels of benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene were ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 $\mu$g/kg in virgin olive oil. Benzo[$\alpha$]pyrene contents in refined and virgin olive oil, sesame oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, and processed oil were 0.6-1.0 $\mu$g/kg, 0.9-1.3 $\mu$g/kg, 0.6-3.3 $\mu$g/kg, 0.5-1.1 $\mu$g/kg, 1.2-1.7 $\mu$g/kg, 1.0-2.1 $\mu$g/kg, and 1.0-1.4 $\mu$g/kg, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.435-444
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• 2009

In the case of oil spill accident at sea, information concerning the movement of spilled oil is important in making response strategies. Aircrafts and the satellites have been utilized for monitoring of spilled oil. In these days, numerical models are using to predict the movement of the spilled oil. In the future a coupling method of modeling and remote sensing data should be needed to predict more correctly the spilled oil. The purpose of this paper is to present an application of satellite image data to an oil spill prediction model as an initial condition. Environmental Fluid Dynamics Computer Code (EFDC) was used to predict the movement of the oil spilled from Hebei Spirit incident occurred in Taean coastal area on December 7,2007. In order to make the model initial condition and to compare the model results, two satellite images, KOMPSAT-2 MSC and ENVISAT ASAR obtained on December 8 and 11, were used during the period of the oil spill incident. The model results showed an improvement for the prediction of the spilled oil by using the initial condition deduced from satellite image data than the initial condition specified at the oil spill incident site in the respects of the distributed spilled area.