• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.435-437
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• 2003

This study presents work to utilize RADARSAT SAR image for forecast oil slick trajectory movement. The fractal dimension algorithm used to detect oil slick. The Doppler frequency shift and quasi-linear model was used to simulate a current pattern from RADARSAT image. The Fay’s algorithm of oil slick spreading was developed based on a Doppler frequency shift model. Thus, the study shows that fractal dimension algorithm discriminated the oil slick from the surrounding water features. The quasi-linear model shows that the current pattern can be simulated from single RADARSAT image. The oil slick trajectory model shows that after 48 hrs, the oil slick parcels deposited along the coastal waters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2005

Total tocopherol and phenol contents were determined for virgin and pure oilve oil, and their autoxidation and thermal oxidation were compared with those of commercial soybean oil, in the presence or absence of fluorescent light. The total tocopherol contents of virgin, pure olive oil, and soybean oil were 15.7, 11.2, and 80.7 mg/100 g, respectively. Their total phenol contents were 10.4, 1.6 and 0.5 mg/l00 g, respectively. In autoxidation under dark place at 45$^{\circ}C$, the oxidative stability of the substrate oils decreased in order of virgin oilve oil, pure olive oil, and soybean oil. The average temperature coefficients of the virgin, pure olive oil and soybean oil in the range of 45∼$65^{\circ}C$ were 1.73, 1.83 and 1.64, and the activation energies were 26.86, 29.49, and 24.07 KJ/mol, respectively. In temperature range of 45∼$65^{\circ}C$, pure olive oil was the most susceptible to temperature change, whereas soybean oil the least. In autoxidation under fluorescent light at 45$^{\circ}C$, the oxidative stability of substrate oils decreased in the order of soybean oil, pure olive oil, and virgin olive oil. In thermal oxidation at 18$0^{\circ}C$, the oxidative stability of substrate oils decreased in order of pure olive oil, virgin olive oil, and soybean oil.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2010

In general, three types of fingerprints could be found at the crime scene: visible, plastic, and latent fingerprints. Examples of visible fingerprint include those made by blood, paint or ink. Plastic fingerprint are made from an impression of the finger on soft material as soap, wax, etc. Latent fingerprint are those of the invisible one to the human eye. Oil-contaminated fingerprints remained in the evidence, that are contaminated with the soybean oil, engine oil, lubricating oil or grease. Oil-contaminated fingerprints are special types of fingerprint evidence but the research for developing method regarding oil-contaminated fingerprints is a few. In this study, ultraviolet light source was employed for untreated oil-contaminated prints and the freeze-dry method with liquid nitrogen for freeze oil residue on the surfaces with sequence of developing oil-contaminated fingerprints with black and magnetic powders, cyanoacrylate (CA) fuming, Basic Yellow 40. The types of oil chosen for the experiment were soybean oil, LSA oil, engine oil and material surfaces selected for the experiment were glass, plastic aluminum plates. The aims of this study were to determine the appropriate developing methods for oil-contaminated fingerprints.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.97-110
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• 1992

Rape-seed oil has high viscosity and high rubber content like other vegetable oils. When crude rape-seed oil obtained by a general oil extraction process is used in a diesel engine, automization condition during injection is not good and a large amount of combustion product is doposited in a combustion chamber. The improvement of a diesel engine is required to use rape-seed oil as a diesel engine fuel. In this study, the physical and chemical properties and combustion characteristics of rape-seed oil were investigated. The auxiliary aid was developed to improve automization condition and the effect of the auxiliary injection aid on the performance of a diesel engine was determined. The results are as follows. 1) Oil content of rape-seed is 45%. The exraction rate is 33%. The resuls show higher values compared to those of other vegetable oils. 2) The viscosity of rape-seed oil is 50.8 cSt and nearly 14 times of diesel oil viscosity. 3) The heating value and flash point of rape-seed oil are 9720kcal/Kg and 318$^{\circ}C$, respectively. 4) In case rape-seed oil is used as fuel, brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are compared to those of diesel oil. The results of rape-seed oil show 3.6%, 12.7% and 3.1% higher values. 5) Particle size of injection fuel with the auxiliary injection aid on the performance of a diesel engine was determined. The results are as follows. 1) Oil content of rape-seed is 45%. The extraction rate is 33%. The results show higher values compared to those of other vegetable oils. 2) The viscosity of rape-seed oil is 50.8 cSt and nearly 14 times of diesel oil viscosity. 3) The heating value and flash point of rape-seed oil are 9720kcal/Kg and 318.deg.C, respectively. 4) In case rape-seed oil is used as fuel, brake horse power, specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency are compared to theose of diesel oil. The results of rape-seed oil show 3.6%, 12.7% and 3.1% higher values. 5) Particle size of injection fuel with the auxiliary injection aids is 100.mu.m smaller than that od injection fuel without the aid. 6) Brake horse power and brake thermal efficiency with the auxiliary injection aid increase 5.07% and 6.07%, respectively. However, specific fuel consumption decreases 3.85% with the auxiliary injection aid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.712-719
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of inclusion level on the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and total tract digestibility of acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) of cottonseed oil when fed to growing pigs. Methods: Forty-two barrows (initial body weight = $35.51{\pm}2.01kg$) were randomly allotted to a completely randomized design with a corn-soybean meal basal diet, five levels of cottonseed oil (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) and a 10% soybean oil diet. Each diet was replicated six times with one pig per replicate. The experiment lasted 19 days, 7 d for cage adaptation, 7 d for diets adaptation and last 5 d for feces and urine collection. The energy values and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of cottonseed oil and soybean oil were calculated by the difference method, and regression equations were established to predict the energy values of cottonseed oil. The apparent digested fat of the entire intestinal tract was also regressed against dietary fat intake to determine the true total tract digestibility (TTTD) and endogenous loss of fat for cottonseed oil. Results: The results showed that the DE and ME contents of cottonseed oil were not different as the inclusion level increased. The DE and ME values determined by the regression equation were 36.28 MJ/kg and 34.96 MJ/kg, respectively, and the values were similar to the mean DE and ME values calculated by the difference method (36.18 and 35.56 MJ/kg, respectively). The ATTD of cottonseed oil was also not affected by the inclusion level of cottonseed oil, and the TTTD and EFL determined by the regression method were 92.40% and 13.83 g/kg of dry matter intake for corn-soybean basal diet. The DE, ME, and ATTD of AEE in soybean oil determined by the difference method were 35.70 MJ/kg, 35.20 MJ/kg and 92.31%, respectively. There were no differences in the DE, ME, and ATTD between cottonseed oil and soybean oil, although the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids for soybean oil was higher than for cottonseed oil. Conclusion: The DE, ME, and ATTD values of cottonseed oil were not affected by its dietary inclusion level. The energy values of cottonseed oil determined by the difference and regression methods were similar. Furthermore, the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acid for oils was not the decisive factor to influence the energy values and ATTD of oils.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.787-796
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• 1996

The biodegradation experiment, the TOD analysis and the element analysis for dispersant, Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil were conducted to study the biodegradation characteristics of a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and a mixture of Bunker-B oil with dispersant in the seawater. The results of biodegradation experiment showed 1mg of dispersant to be equivalent to 0.26 mg of $BOD_5$ and to 0.60 mg of $BOD_{20}$ in the natural seawater. The results of TOD analysis showed each 1 mg of dispersant, Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil to be equivalent to 2.37 mg, 2.94 mg and 2.74 mg of TOD, respectively. The results of element analysis showed carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of dispersant to be $82.1\%,\;13.8\%,\;1.8\%\;and\;2.2\%$, respectively. Carbon and hydrogen contents of Bunker-A oil were found to be $73.3\%\;and\;13.5\%$, respectively, and carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents of Bunker-B oil to be $80.4\%,\;12.3\%\;and\;0.7\%$, respectively. Accordingly, the detection of nitrogen and phosphorus in dispersant shows that dispersants should be used with caution in coastal waters, with relation to eutrophication. The biodegradability of dispersant expressed as the ratio of $BOD_5/TOD$ was found to be $11.0\%$. As the mix ratios of dispersant to Bunker-A oil (3 mg/l) and a mixture of Bunker-B oil (3mg/l) were changed from 1 : 10 to 5 : 10, the biodegradabilities of a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and Bunker-B oil with dispersant increased from $2.1\%\;to\;7.2\%$ and from $1.0\%\;to\;4.4\%$, respectively. Accordingly, the dispersant belongs to the organic matter group of middle-biodegradability while mixtures in the mix ratio range of $1:10\~5:10$ belong to the organic matter group of low-biodegradability. The deoxygenation rate constant $(K_1)$ and ultimate biochemical oxygen demand $(L_0)$ obtained from the biodegradation experiment and Thomas slope method were found to be 0.125/day and 2.487 mg/l for dispersant (4 mg/l), respectively. $K_1\;and\;L_0$, were found to be $0.079\~0.131/day$ and $0.318\~2.052\;mg/l$ for a mixture of Bunker-A oil with dispersant and to be $0.106\~0.371/day$ and $0.262\~1.106\;mg/l$ for a mixture of Bunker-B oil with dispersant, respectively, having $1:10\~5:10$ mix ratios of dispersant to Bunker-A oil and Bunker-B oil. The ultimate biochemical oxygen demands of the mixtures increased as the mix ratio of dispersant to Bunker-A, B oils changed from 1 : 10 to 5 : 10. This suggests that the more dispersants are applied to the sea for the cleanup of Bunker-A oil or Bunker-B oil, the more decreases the dissolved oxygen level in the seawater.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.2 s.2
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

The result of the study for essential oil(Bergamot, Grapefruit essential oil)'s Anaiysis of Blood Serum Epidermis proteins by exposure of nature lays on treatments are as follows. 1. There is no significant difference between control group and the groups treated by essential oil in feed efficiency, but in water intake, there are significant differences between each group. Water intake of the groups treated by Bergamot and Grapefruit essential oil without treatment by sun cream is higher than that of any other group. It is presented that the effect of losing water of the surface of skin is related to the balance effect of water. 2. As a result of serum analysis without applied UV-rays, the total cholesterol in the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is higher than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil. It is showed that the dissolution of cellulite of Grapefruit essential oil is stronger than that of Bergamot essential oil. After applied UV-rays, however, the change of total cholesterol of the groups treated by Bergamot essential oil is lower than that of the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, namely, the group treated by Bergamot essential oil drops is used to make sebum membrane on the surface of skin, so the quantity of influx into blood vessel was low. With the result that, atherosclerotic index(A.I) also was low in the group treated by Grapefruit essential oil. In the aspect of increasing cholesterol for obesity treatment, it was judged that the effect of treatment with Bergamot essential oil is somewhat slower than that with Grapefruit essential oil, but it is safer than the effect of treatment with Grapefruit essential oil in the aspect of health. 3. As a result of protein analysis, the groups applied UV-rays in the group of treated by Bergamot essential oil, the biggest change of protein's band was appeared under part of 20.0 1Kd in the change pattern of protein. As the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was similar to that of the groups of the control, it was showed that the effect of sun cream can prevent the change of the composition of skin. In the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil, after the groups treated by Grapefruit essential oil applied UV-rays, the biggest change of protein's bend was appeared the upper part of 43Kd in the change pattern of protein. It was also judged that it means the change of the composition of skin. However, the trend of changing protein at the groups treated by SPF 15 and 30 was also similar to that of the groups of the control. Eventually, it was also showed that it can prevent the change of the composition of skin by the effect of sun cream.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

An experimental study regarding the effect of emulsions on RO is presented. Heavy oil was added to the sea water and the distilled water separately and treated for 30 minutes by a homogenizer to make emulsions. For the case of the sea water without heavy oil the permeate decreased from the beginning of the experiment. Chloride and conductivity increased with time, due to the fouling occurring as the suspended solids in the sea water accumulated on the membrane surface. Rejection rate of salt was 99.6~99.7%. As for the sea water containing heavy oil, the permeate decreased slowly from the beginning of the experiment. This result was the same for the case of the sea water only. However. chloride and conductivity increased significantly when heavy oil was added. In the second experiment with sea water containing heavy oil, the operation time of RO was reduced considerably. With addition of oil, the chloride increased greatly, while the permeate reduced comparatively. In the experiment where emulsion of $0.3{\sim}0.8mg/{\ell}$ was supplied to RO. oil concentration was about 10ppb in the permeate at the end of the experiment. In case of the distilled water containing heavy oil. the conductivity increased. However. the permeate reduced to 30% compared to the case of the sea water containing heavy oil. The case of sea water containing heavy oil showed an opposite result, but the effect of the addition of oil on RO was significant. Oil caused fouling of the RO and the contamination of the whole system, and as the result the system could not be operated properly. As a result the membrane capacity, the amount and water quality of permeate deteriorated significantly.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

The fatty acid composition, selected minor components, and the oxidative stability of the mixed edible oil (perilla seed oil and rice bran oil, 3:7 (v/v)) were analyzed. The fatty acid composition of the mixed oil was 32.1% of oleic acid, 30.6% of linoleic acid, 21.4% of linolenic acid, 13.0% of palmitic acid, and 1.7% of stearic acid. The mixed oil contained ${\alpha}$, ${\gamma}$ and ${\delta}$-tocopherols and tocotrienols showing the highest contents of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Total amount of tocopherols contained in the mixed oil was 46.63 mg/100 g oil. The composition and content of phytosterols were determined by a GC equipped with a flame ionization detector. Total quantity of phytosterols in the mixed oil was 712.80 mg/100 g oil. The most predominant phytosterol in the mixed oil was ${\beta}$-sitosterol, followed by campesterol and stigmasterol, in a decreasing order. The oxidative stability of the mixed oil was much higher than that of perilla oil, and similar to that of soybean oil, indicating the high oxidative stability of the mixed oil.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2023

Oil spill accidents can cause various environmental issues, so it is important to quickly assess the extent and changes in the area and location of the spilled oil. In the case of oil spill detection using satellite imagery, it is possible to detect a wide range of oil spill areas by utilizing the information collected from various sensors equipped on the satellite. Previous studies have analyzed the reflectance of oil at specific wavelengths and have developed an oil spill index using bands within the specific wavelength ranges. When analyzing multiple images before and after an oil spill for monitoring purposes, a significant amount of time and computing resources are consumed due to the large volume of data. By utilizing Google Earth Engine, which allows for the analysis of large volumes of satellite imagery through a web browser, it is possible to efficiently detect oil spills. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of four types of oil spill indices in the area of various land cover using Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument data and the cloud-based Google Earth Engine platform. We assessed the separability of oil spill areas by comparing the index values for different land covers. The results of this study demonstrated the efficient utilization of Google Earth Engine in oil spill detection research and indicated that the use of oil spill index B ((B3+B4)/B2) and oil spill index C (R: B3/B2, G: (B3+B4)/B2, B: (B6+B7)/B5) can contribute to effective oil spill monitoring in other regions with complex land covers.