• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.520-528
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• 1987

Quality stability of roasted lavers during heat treatment and storage was investigated measuring the changes in pigments including chlorophyll a, carotenoids and biliproteins, fatty acids and free amino acids as the major quality factors. In roasting of fried lavers, carotenoids were found to lie more stable than chlorophyll a, and biliproteins were most heat labile. The overall heat stability of the pigments depended upon heating time and temperature. Chlorophyll a and carotenoids were retained more than $90\%$ in the casts of roasting for 90 min. at $60^{\circ}C;\;60min.\;at\;80^{\circ}C;\;10\;min.\;at\;100^{\circ}C;\;or\;5min.\;at\;150^{\circ}C$ while biliproteins remained about $70\%$. The lipids of dried lavers including polyunsaturated fatty acids appeared rather heat stable when compared to the stability of pigments under the same conditions of roasting. Spray of sesame oil or seasoning solutions on the surface of lavers after roasting seemed desirable for stabilizing pigments and free amino acids during storage particularly at low water activity. And that was also benefit for the protection of polyenoic fatty acids from rapid progress of oxidation during storage. Free amino acids were reduced fast during roasting, especially most of threonine and glycine while glutamic acid was rapidly lost during the storage.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2008

A distillation tower is one of the important facilities which separates and refines a crude oil stream according to certain boiling points. Its operation efficiency can affect the productivity of a refinery substantially. The objective of this study is to elucidate some operational information on the internal conditions of a distillation tower from a measurement of density profile by using a sealed gamma-ray source and a radiation detector. Gamma radiation counts were measured by a BGO detector positioned diametrically outside the tower-wall, opposite to the gamma source(Co-60) as the detector and the source were lowered concurrently. From the results, structural abnormality of the trays was not found inside the tower. Considering the flow distribution patterns, however, a vapor phase was dominantly formed at the upper part of the tower and a liquid phase at the lower part. From the gamma scanning of the distillation tower, it is anticipated that the gamma absorption technique can be used as an important tool for confirming the structural soundness of trays and investigating flow distribution in refinery facilities.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.521-528
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• 1998

The influence of starvation on survival, growth and feeding incidence of larval tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes was investigated for 16 days after let them hatched at the temperature of 16.5~18.5${\circ}C$. The effect by delayed initial feeding on larvace was also studied. Almost all larvae began to be fed from the stage of yolk absorption about 5 days after hatching, in which rearing trials revealed that their survival and growth were influenced by food availability. Survival of unfed larvae, which stated to decrease drastically since the oil globule was exhausted about 9 days after hatching, dropped to 50% and 0% respectively on the 11.5th and 16th day. the difference of growth between fed and unfed larvae came into sight on about 5th day after hatching when the initial feeding was started, and had reduced in proportion to the length of starvation period. The condition factors for the unfed larvae were lower than thost of the fed. Of the larvae which had starved less than 5 days, more than 80% could consume food upon feeding. No fish had the ability in having food after 10 days. It appeared that the turning point of recover for the starving larvae came on 7th or 8th day. Their taking-food ability seemed to be affected by the change in swimming activity which depended on the duration of starvation. For the seed production of tiger puffer, therefore, feeding should be initiated as soon as possible, so as to enhance the production and survival of healthy seeds.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2002

The alkenylation of o-xylene with 1,3-butadiene to make OTP(ortho-tolyl Pentene) was carried out over liquid phase NaK alloy, Na metal and the metallic sodium dispersed on the specific support such as NaX and $Al_2O_3$. Liquid phase NaK alloy showed the improved conversion and selectivity when they were pretreated by ultrasound to increase the dispersion. For the case of metallic sodium, the induction period for the formation of homogeneous metal sodium solution with high dispersion was needed before the reaction. In the case of metallic sodium dispersed on support, more than 80 % conversion could be obtained without induction period regardless of supports used. But 85 % of the metallic sodium was resolved into the reaction mixture after reaction for 7 hours. The amount of byproducts, oligomers, produced from OTP and 1,3-butadiene increased with the amount of 1,3-butadiene introduced and the selectivity to OTP was in inversely proportional to the conversion.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.77-104
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• 2001

The effects of the oriental herbal medicine Saenghyetang(SHT, 生慧湯), which consists of Rehmanniae Radix (熟地黃 九蒸: was made by 9th steam) 40g, Corni Fructus(山茱黃) 16g, Polygalae Radix(遠志) 8g, Zizyphi Spinosae Semen(酸棗仁) 2g, Biotae Semen(柏子仁 去油: oil ingredient was removed) 20g, Poria Cocos(茯笭) 12g, Ginseng Radix(人蔘) 12g, Acori Graminei Rhizoma(石菖蒲) 2g, Sinapis Semen(白芥子) 8g, on learning ability and memory were investigated. Hot water extract(HWE) and ethanol extract(EE) from SHT were used for the studies. Learning ability and memory are related to modifications of synaptic strength among neurons that interactive. Enhanced synaptic coincidence detection leads to improved learning ability and memory. If the NMDA receptor, a synaptic coincidence detector, acts as a graded switch for memory formations, enhanced signal detection by NMDA receptors should enhance learning ability and memory. It was shown that NR2B was increased in the forebrains of oriental medicine-administrated mice, leading to enhanced activation of NMDA receptors and facilitating synaptic potentiation in response to stimulation at 10-100 Hz. These HWE-SHT treated mice exhibited that superior ability in learning and memory when performing various behavioral tasks, showing that NR2B is enhanced by HWE-SHT treatment and also is critical in gating the age-dependent threshold for plasticity and memory formation. NMDA receptor-dependent modifications, which were mediated in part by HWE administration, of synaptic efficacy, therefore, represent a mechanism for associative learning ability and memory. Results suggest that oriental medical enhancement of NR2B contributes to increase intelligence and memory in mammals On the other hand, to examine the effects of EE-SHT on the learning ability and memory in experimental mice, EE-SHT was tested on passive and active avoidance responses. The EE-SHT ameliorated the memory retrieval deficit induced by ethanol in mice, but not other memory impairments. EE-SHT(10, 20mg/100 g, p.o.) did not affect the passive avoidance responses of normal mice in the step through and step down tests, the conditioned and unconditioned avoidance responses of normal mice in the shuttle box, lever press performance tests and the ambulatory activity of normal mice in a normal condition. However, EE-SHT at 20 mg/kg significantly decrease the spontaneous motor activity during the shuttle box test, and also to extend the sleeping time induced by pentobarbital in mice. These results suggest that SHT has an ameliorating effect on memory retrieval impairments and a weak tranquilizing action.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.533-540
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• 2012

The use of wind energy is gaining importance because of its many advantages. Nations worldwide are promoting the installation of wind farms to produce electricity in an attempt to tackle climate change and increasing oil costs. But, wind turbines can generate undesired signals which disturb the performance of military radar systems. Because the current generation of on and off-shore three bladed wind turbines have radar signatures consistent with their very large physical size. So this study considers the options available for the reduction of wind turbine radar signature and presents solutions for each of the main external turbine components. The radar signature reduction approaches are based on existing technologies developed for aerospaces stealth applications. However, the realization of these for the purposes of reduction wind turbine radar signatures is a novel development, particularly in the solutions proposed. This paper is presented techniques which reduce radar signatures of wind turbine. We know that radar signatures of wind turbine reduce by using these techniques.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.7
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• pp.39-51
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• 1969

The study involved determination of resistance levels of spider mites ta argano-phosphates using topical application and slide dip techniques; laboratory serening tests of alternative acaricides using an O/P resistant strain and a field trial of the screened materials. 1. Strains of Tetranychus were from Timaru(TR), Havelock Narth (HNR), Lincaln (LN). Germany (GR, GN). Comparisons of the resistant strains and normal strains at the LD50 and LC50 levels were as follows : (a) Using the topical application tochnique; with Parathian. resistant levels of the GR. TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were respeativuly, 1035. 484 and 452 times as resistant' as the LN strain. (b) Using the slide dip technique; with Phosdrin, resistant of GR, TR and HNR strains of T. urticae were 635, 274 and 266 times greater respeativuly, than the GN strain. 2. The laboratory sereaning tests were carried out far their contact plus stomach and residual effect to assess the toxicities of eleven alternative materials which would be used far control of O/P resistant strain of T. urticae. The acaricide groups represented were 3 organo-chlorines (Spidex, Kelthane and C 8514), 2 nitrophenyls (UC 19786 and Morocide), 2 cyclic carbonates(Eradex and Morestan). I carbamate (UC2004 7A), 1 mixture of carbamate and orano-chlorine and 2 other chemicals (C 8677 and M2527). From all acaricide tested. Kelthane and Morocide were the most effective, folowed by Spidex and M2527. Morestan, C8514. C8677 and RS 143 were intermediate, but Eradex, UC 19786 and UC 20046A were poor. 3, The number of sapmles required for estimation of the population in the field evaluation of acaricidal effects was one giving the highest practical precision. It was decided, after preliminary sampling trials. to use samples of 30 leaves per replicate which gave a $5.7\%$ standard error. 4. In the field trials, Morocide applied at the $0.05\%\;and\; 0.04\%$ a. i. conc. to black currant trees gave excellent control of O/P resistant population of T. urticae for about 12 days, but Morocide 0.025 and Kel thane $0.02\%$ a. i. cone. gave efficient control for about 6 days. In other words. first applications of Kel thane ane Moroeide gave very high degrees of control of O/P resistant population of the two-spotted spider mite. However, the results indicate that secondary application would sometimes be necessary. There was no foliage damage of black Currants and strawberries by either acaricides at the concentrations used. Acknowledgment ... The authors are grateful to: Dr. R. P. pottinger, Senior Lecturer in Agricultural Zoology. Lincoln college. New Zealand. for his helpful assistance in aiding with the organization of thd field work. Department of agriculture officers for mite colonies. Mr. D. A. Slade, Technical Advisor. Fruitgrowers' Federation (now at Massey University) for his assistance and provision of mites for testing. Mr T. McRae of Timaru for permission to use his crops for field tests. The following chemical companies and I or their New Zealand agents for so readily supplying samples of acarides; Ivan Watkins-Dow Limited. Fruitgrowers Chemical Company Limited. Henry H. York & company (New Zealand). Shell Oil (New Zealand) Limited.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 1977

To get a basic information for improving Korean's pattern of comsuming red pepper and the possibility of its industrial production, consumer's ways of red pepper processing and his present dietary habits were surveyed and the results are follows; (1) Korean's daily consumption of red pepper was on the average 9.2 g on the basis of the whole dried red pepper. (2) The tendency of evading the home drying method was increased; 72.22% in urban community and 50.4% in rural community purchased the dried red pepper in the lump yearly. The household purchasing the fresh red pepper and using the home drying was 27.8% in urban community and 49.6% in rural community, so one third of urban household was still using the home drying method. The case of dependence on tine drying factory was no more than 2.6%. (3) Drying method was mainly sun drying which done on the poor circumstance like as the street side without the proper equipment of drying. Home process of red pepper by housewife was 70.8%, and the old, housekeeper were only 7.3% respectively. (4) The hygienic sense in the drying was rare; 68.8% was not washed and 51.9% of decayed red pepper was eaten. (5) Koreans prefered the strong pungency, deep red color and fine powder form. (6) While the 45.5% of seed was collected by second hand dealer and made use of as resources of edible oil, it was not used effectively due to complexity of its collection system. (7) While 40.1% desired the improvement of red pepper dietary life, 41.1% distrusted the present commercial red pepper powder on the market. From the results above, we conclude the fact many households have still hygienically poor red pepper processed at home, in spite of the red pepper is one of the most important spices in Korea. Considering the growing urban population, reduction of unemployed labor due to the increasing nuclear family and hygienic problems caused by the serious pollution, the improvement of red pepper processing method is urgently required. And it is believed that red pepper has a good prospect to be processed on the industrial scale in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2008

Ship detection from satellite remote sensing is a crucial application for global monitoring for the purpose of protecting the marine environment and ensuring marine security. It permits to monitor sea traffic including fisheries, and to associate ships with oil discharge. An automatic ship detection approach for RADARSAT Fine Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image is described and assessed using in situ ship validation information collected during field experiments conducted on August 6, 2004. Ship detection algorithms developed here consist of five stages: calibration, land masking, prescreening, point positioning, and discrimination. The fine image was acquired of Ulsan Port, located in southeast Korea, and during the acquisition, wind speeds between 0 m/s and 0.4 m/s were reported. The detection approach is applied to anchoring ships in the anchorage area of the port and its results are compared with validation data based on Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) radar. Our analysis for anchoring ships, above 68 m in length (LOA), indicates a 100% ship detection rate for the RADARSAT single beam mode. It is shown that the ship detection performance of SAR for smaller ships like barge could be higher than the land-based radar. The proposed method is also applied to estimate the ship's dimensions of length and breadth from SAR radar cross section(RCS), but those values were comparatively higher than the actual sizes because of layover and shadow effects of SAR.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 1973

The effect of compression in the strain ageing of Ferrovac E iron has been examined with compressive testing following the prestrain in compression. Both prestraining and testing were preformed at room temperature with the strain rate of 1.9$\times$10$^{-4}$ se $c^{-1}$ and that of 0.95$\times$10$^{-4}$ se $c^{-1}$ , respectively. Ageing was carried out at several temperatures below 8$0^{\circ}C$ using thermostatically controlled oil baths with a temperature control within$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$. It was found that the rate of strain ageing obeyed the $t^{2}$3/ law up to about five hours ageing at 6$0^{\circ}C$. The rate was slower than theses reported in case of the tensile prestrained iron. Activation energy for strain ageing has been estimated as 21.5 Kcal/mole at tile first stage of the aging process. At the second stage of ageing where the $t^{2}$3/ law is still valid, however, the activation energy was somewhat decreased. The activation energy at the first stage of ageing was about 10% larger than published results on the tensile-prestraining. This difference between the activation energies is explained in terms of the residual stress field in lattice.