• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2020

The international community's sanctions against North Korea, triggered by North Korea's nuclear tests and by missile development in the country, are considered the strongest sanctions in history, banning exports of North Korea's major items and limiting imports of machinery and oil products. Accordingly, North Korea's trade volume decreased to the level of collapse after the sanctions, meaning that the sanctions against North Korea were considered to be effective. However, according to this paper, which analyzed the price fluctuations of refined petroleum products in North Korea through the methodology of an event study, the market prices of oil products were only temporarily affected by the sanctions and remained stable over the long run despite the restrictions on the volumes of refined petroleum products introduced. This can be explained by evidence that North Korea has introduced refined oil supplies that are not much different from those before the sanctions through its use of illegal transshipments even after the sanctions. With regard to strategic materials such as refined oil, the North Korean authorities are believed to be desperately avoiding sanctions by, for instance, finding loopholes in the sanctions to meet the minimum level of demand.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1995

The effects of orchildectomy with/without testosterone replacement in wale rats, and ovarectomy with estrogen replacement in female rats on lipid peroxidation were studied in male and female rats fed with diets fortified with 20% w/w, soybean oil or palm oil for 4 months. Serum, liver and heart homogenates were assayed for malonaldehyde and conjugated diene levels. Orchidectomy was found to reduce levels of lipid peroxidation products in the serum, liver and heart. Testosterone replacement did not increase the lipid peroxidation products to levels in the non-orchildectomised rats, while estrogen did not influence lipid peroxidation significantly. Palm oil decreased, but soybean oil increased lipid peroxidation in the liver and heart of both the castrated and sex hormone-replaced male and female rats.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2007.03a
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• pp.249-258
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• 2007

Recently orders of projects in the field of oil and gas plants have increased due to rising oil prices and consumption. The markets of oil and gas plants are expanding into the Middle East area and all over the world. Because the oil and gas markets have a lot of overseas construction operations, competition among advanced companies is more important. However, companies in the period of growth have not had enough competitive powers of license in the design phase. Therefore, they are faced with difficulty of adopting the technology which is maximizing the effect of investments, and scheduling of a long-range plan. In order to achieve adequate technology management and competitive power, this study considers a long-range plan through an analysis of an appropriate introduction and the strategic planning process of technology management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10b
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• pp.113-114
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• 2002

Radial, tilting 12-pad proceeding bearings are applied as the radial bearings of vertical rotors of water turbines. The mean loads are stable at the peripheral speeds of proceeding reaching 50 m/s. The operation of tilting 12-pads proceeding bearing has been introduced at the assumption of adiabatic oil film. The oil film pressure, temperature and viscosity distributions have been obtained by iterative solution of the Reynolds', energy and viscosity equations. The resulting oil film force, minimum oil film thickness, power loss, oil flow, maximum oil film pressure, maximum temperature have been computed for different load angle of bearing.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2023

Lavender oil is a prolonged history in ancient medicine and has a wide range of biological effects. The lavender essential oil has 50 different constituents that have different therapeutic significance. The compounds that are separated from essential oil can be used for the anticancer treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. ROS1 is one of the major targets for NSCLC. The compounds from lavender essential oil are separated through GC-MS. From 91 compounds the top compounds that are having high retention values are taken for Molecular docking study against the ROS1 target protein. The binding affinity and the docked pose for those compounds are studied. Later, the chemical reactivity of the compounds is studied by Density Functional Theory. The potent compounds must be validated by in vivo study.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2024

The moisture content of crude oil notably affects various aspects of oil production, storage, transportation, and exploration. However, accurately measuring this moisture content is challenging because of numerous influencing factors, leading to a lack of precision in existing detection methods. This inadequacy hinders the progress of China's petroleum industry. To overcome these challenges, this paper proposes a conductivity-based method for measuring crude oil moisture content. By employing an embedded system, we designed a sensor comprising five electrodes. Additionally, we developed signal excitation and signal processing circuits. Moreover, a software program was designed to analyze and compute the output signal using fast Fourier transform operations. This facilitated the identification of flow patterns, computation of relevant flow rates, and establishment of correlation rates based on frequency spectral characteristics. Based on experimental results, we established a functional relationship between measurement parameters and crude oil moisture content. This study enhanced the precision of moisture content measurement, thereby addressing existing limitations and fostering the advancement of China's petroleum industry.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.148-156
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• 2015

In this study the differences in the sample size and sample input changes as characteristics of bio-oil oak(Quercus variabilis), the oak 0.5~2.0 mm of the oak weighing 300~900g was processed into bio-oil via fast pyrolysis for 1.64 seconds. In this study, the physico-chemical properties of biooil using oak were investigated. Fast pyrolysis was adopted to increase the bio-oil yield from raw material. Although the differences in sample size and sample input changes in the yield of pyrolysis products were not significantly noticeable, increases in the yield of bio-oil accounted for approximately 60.3 to 62.1%, in the order of non-condensed gas, and biochar. When the primary bio-oil obtained by the condensation of the cooling tube and the seconary bio-oil obtained from the electric dust collector were measured separately, the yield of primary bio-oil was twice as higher than that of the secondary bio-oil. However, HHV (Higher Heating Value) of the secondary bio-oil was approximately twice as higher than that of the primary bio-oil by up to 5,602 kcal/kg. The water content of the primary bio-oil was more than 20% of the moisture content of the secondary bio-oil, which was 10% or less. In addition, the result of the elemental analysis regarding the secondary bio-oil, its primary carbon content was higher than that of the primary bio-oil, and since the oxygen content is low, the water content as well as elemental composition are believed to have an effect on the calorific value. The higher the storage temperature or the longer the storage period, the degree of the viscosity of the secondary bio-oil was higher than that of the primary bio-oil. This can be the attributed to the chemical bond between the polymeric bio-oil that forms during the storage period.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.624-632
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• 2012

As there have been lately many worldwide resource challenges such as potential exhaustion of fossil fuels, sudden rise of oil price and ever-rising grain pricing due to global food crisis, there have been more interests focused on recycling vegetable oils and fats into clean natural fuel and producing new resources based on waste cooking oil as a part of reusing waste resources. An Experiment was performed by using ratio of 50:50, 75:25 (w/w) mixture of based rapeseed oil, camellia oil, and olive oil. 50:50, 25:75 (w/w) mixture of based palm oil. The result was that the oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) got the lowest percentage of 42.8%, when we combined the mixture of rapeseed oil and soybean oil. While the highest percentage of 72.1% was when the mixture of camellia oil and rapeseed oil were combined at 50:50 ratio. In 75:25 (w/w) case, mixture of rapeseed oil and soybean oil got the lowest. The highest ratio was the mixture of camellia oil and olive oil. Based on the component of palm oil, the total saturated fatty acid was decreased. It is expected that stabilizing oxidation through controlling of fatty acid after mixture and that liquidity at a low temperature. The acid value indicated that stabilizing oxidation got a range of highest to lowest. Camellia oil ranked as the highest, followed by olive oil, and the oil seeds as the lowest in rank. Controlling iodine value through mixture and improvement of stabilizing oxidation will provide a good quality. The quality of color has no significant change about mixture in ratio and maintenance. The reduction of the cost of refining process is expected by controling of mixture ratio at biodiesel production in the future.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.5_3
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• pp.1475-1490
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• 2021

Detecting oil spill area using statistical characteristics of SAR images has limitations in that classification algorithm is complicated and is greatly affected by outliers. To overcome these limitations, studies using neural networks to classify oil spills are recently investigated. However, the studies to evaluate whether the performance of model shows a consistent detection performance for various oil spill cases were insufficient. Therefore, in this study, two CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) with basic structures(Simple CNN and U-net) were used to discover whether there is a difference in detection performance according to the structure of CNN and distribution characteristics of oil spill. As a result, through the method proposed in this study, the Simple CNN with contracting path only detected oil spill with an F1 score of 86.24% and U-net, which has both contracting and expansive path showed an F1 score of 91.44%. Both models successfully detected oil spills, but detection performance of the U-net was higher than Simple CNN. Additionally, in order to compare the accuracy of models according to various oil spill cases, the cases were classified into four different categories according to the spatial distribution characteristics of the oil spill (presence of land near the oil spill area) and the clarity of border between oil and seawater. The Simple CNN had F1 score values of 85.71%, 87.43%, 86.50%, and 85.86% for each category, showing the maximum difference of 1.71%. In the case of U-net, the values for each category were 89.77%, 92.27%, 92.59%, and 92.66%, with the maximum difference of 2.90%. Such results indicate that neither model showed significant differences in detection performance by the characteristics of oil spill distribution. However, the difference in detection tendency was caused by the difference in the model structure and the oil spill distribution characteristics. In all four oil spill categories, the Simple CNN showed a tendency to overestimate the oil spill area and the U-net showed a tendency to underestimate it. These tendencies were emphasized when the border between oil and seawater was unclear.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2012