• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.387-391
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary nutrient levels on growth performance, blood urea nitrogen, and meat quality in finishing pigs. A total of ninety six pigs ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) were used in this 66 day study. Dietary treatments included 1) T1 (ME 3,441 kcal/kg, CP 16.30%, Lysine 0.93%), 2) T2 (ME 3,433 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, Lysine 1.00% and 3) T3 (ME 3,449 kcal/kg, CP 17.00%, Lysine 1.00%). During the overall period, there were no significant differences in ADG (average daily gain), ADFI (average daily feed intake), gain/feed ratio or BUN (blood urea nitrogen) among the treatments (p>0.05). The $b^*$ value of M. longissimus dorsi muscle color significantly increased (p<0.05) with T3 treatment compared to T2 treatment. However, there were no differences in the $L^*\;and\;a^*$ values, pH, M. logissimus dorsi area, drip loss, cooking loss, TBARS and WHC (water holding capacity) for pigs fed the various treatments (p>0.05). The total feed cost per kg of weight gain was not significantly different among the various dietary treatments (p>0.05). In conclusion, these results show no effects of dietary nutrient levels on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs, and also suggest that a high nutrient density diet may not be a beneficial feeding strategy for finishing pigs in terms of cost.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.957-963
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• 1998

Several medicinal herbs, which are nontoxic and have been used widely in traditional folk medicine, were extracted and antimicrobial activity of the extracts was investigated against various foodborne pathogens or food poisioning microorganisms. The ethanol extract of Sansa, Hwangryun, Cheukbaek, and Seokchangpo showed strong antimicrobial activities against Gram postive and Gram negative bacteria, whereas those of Sakunja, Sukjihwang and Baekji had little antimicrobial activities on microorganisms tested. Among medicinal herb extracts, ethanol extract of Coptis chinensis Franch (hwangryun) showed the strongest antimicrobial activity. Antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Coptis chinensis Franch was not destroyed by heating at $100^{\circ}C$ for 60 min and at $121^{\circ}C$ for 30 min, which is very stable over heat. The pH effect on minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the extract of Coptis chinensis Franch indicated that MIC was reduced with increasing the pH value of the medium. The inhibitory effect of partially purified substance from the ethanol extract of Coptis chinensis Franch on the growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. Growth of those strains occurred at the concentration of $100{\;}{\mu}g/mL$ and were inhibited at $500{\;}{\mu}g/mL$, whereas those strains was completely inactivated in the presence of $1000{\;}{\mu}g/mL$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.626-632
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• 2001

The plant extracted from Nameko, Gallic, Green tea, Allspice, Polygonum multiflorum, Schizandra chinensis, Armeniacae and Pine needle were utilized to investigate the effects of extracts on free radical reaction, lipid oxidation and nitrite scavenging ability. The pH of ethanol extracts showed a higher than that of hot water extracts, among of which were showed the lowest pH 3.0 in Schizandra chinensis. The important factor of lipid oxidation were $Fe^{2+}$ ion and active oxygen, in which were bound by plant extracts in case of $Fe^{2+}$ ion existed. However, the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of extracts were lowed, compared to extracts reacted with $Fe^{2+}$ ion. Among of them, the hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of Nameko and Pine needle extracts had a lower TBARS value than those of control. The iron content of extracts were less than 2.0 mg/100 g, but the total iron content of Schizandra chinensis extracts were 6.8 mg/100 g. The ethanol extracts of pine needle were higher than those of hot water extracts on the basis of $Fe^{2+}$ ion content. The ascorbic acid content of green tea showed 14.3 mg/100 g in hot water extracts and 16.7 mg/100 g in ethanol extracts. Electron donating ability of extracts showed more than 50%, except Nameko and allspices, which were higher in ethanol extracts than those of hot water extracts. The superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity of green tea showed 85.3% and 63.5% in hot water and ethanol extracts, respectively. The nitrite scavenging ability of green tea was the most effective in both extracts.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.880-888
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• 2017

Palatability and texture analysis of nine Korean rice cultivars were investigated to select the most appropriate rice variety for the cooked-rice processing. The rice cultivars studied consisted of Samkwang, Seonpum, Wolbaek, Andabyeo, Dasan-1, Ilpum, Haiami, Jungsanggold and Chindle. They revealed the moisture, protein, amylose and starch contents of 10~12, 5~6, 12~19, and approximately 90%, respectively. Among the evaluated rice varieties, WB exhibited the lowest amylose content (12.7%) and Jungsanggold the next (17.2%). In the rapid-visco analyzer test, Jungsanggold, Chindle, Wolbaek and Seonpum revealed a low value of final and setback viscosities than other varieties. Using a toyo meter analyzer, Chindle, Haiami, Samkwang were selected as having high toyo palatability values, while Dasan-1, Wolbaek and Andabyeo revealed low values. Toughness and adhesiveness of all nine cooked rice varieties were highest in Jungsanggold, Chindle and Ilpum. Also, palatability of cooked rice was highest in the following order: Chindle (80.03) > Samkwang (76.21) > Jungsanggold (74.08). The results of this study suggest that Chindle may be effectively used to produce processed cooked rice.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.228-235
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• 2009

Growth and branch characteristics of 35 half-sib families were surveyed in a seedling seed orchard of Quercus acutissima at ages 10 and 12. The averages of height, DBH (diameter at breast height), branch height, crown width, branch angle and stem straightness at age 12 were 9.96 m, 14.50 cm, 1.04 m, 6.80 m, $18.82^{\circ}$ and 2.58, respectively. Families of 075 and 052 showed superior height growth and 0511 and 0517 were inferior ones. For DBH growth, 075 and 0413 were best families and 0725 and 0511 were inferior families. Pearson's product moment and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were all positive for all growth traits except branch angle at ages 10 and 12. This result showed that the families with good height and DBH growth were also superior in stem straightness. In ANOVA, there was a highly significant difference among families in height, DBH, cylindric volume and stem straightness. Branch height, crown width and branch angle were also significantly different among families. Family heritability was higher than individual heritability at ages 10 and 12. Height, DBH and stem straightness were under strong genetic control, showing high family heritability. This implies that high genetic gain could be expected by family selection. Expected genetic gain for each trait was estimated based on the family selection. The highest genetic gain was expected for the traits of branch angle, height and DBH because of the large phenotypic standard deviation and the high family heritability. The growth performance and branch characteristics were weighted by the magnitude of genetic variation and heritability. The weighted values were then subjected to estimate family breeding values. This family breeding value would be applied as a criterion in the genetic thinning of the seed orchard.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.47-66
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• 2019

A parametric numerical analysis according to diameter, length, and N values of soil was conducted for the PHC pile socketed into weathered rock through sandy soil layers. In the numerical analysis, the Mohr-Coulomb model was applied to PHC pile and soils, and the contacted phases among the pile-soil-cement paste were modeled as interfaces with a virtual thickness. The parametric numerical analyses for 10 kinds of pile diameters were executed to obtain the load-settlement relationship and the axial load distribution according to N-values. The load-settlement curves were obtained for each load such as total load, total skin friction, skin friction of the sandy soil layer, skin friction of the weathered rock layer and end bearing resistance of the weathered rock. As a result of analysis of various load levels from the load-settlement curves, the settlements corresponding to the inflection point of each curve were appeared as about 5~7% of each pile diameter and were estimated conservatively as 5% of each pile diameter. The load at the inflection point was defined as the mobilized bearing capacity ($Q_m$) and it was used in analyses of pile bearing capacity. And SRF was appeared above average 70%, irrespective of diameter, embedment length of pile and N value of sandy soil layer. Also, skin frictional resistance of sandy soil layers was evaluated above average 80% of total skin frictional resistance. These results can be used in calculating the bearing capacity of prebored PHC pile, and also be utilized in developing the bearing capacity prediction method and chart for the prebored PHC pile socketed into weathered rock through sandy soil layers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.825-832
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• 2012

In this study, the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of mulberry salad dressing prepared with yam juice during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ for four weeks were evaluated. The salad dressing was prepared with a salad base, mulberry, omija, and yam (4:4:6:1 or 4:4:6:3). Fresh yam juice was added to the salad dressing at 0, 7, and 18% levels. After four weeks storage, the pH increased whereas the acidity decreased. As the yam concentration increased, the pH increased to 3.84 and the acidity decreased to 0.14%. The Hunter color L (lightness), b (yellowness), and a (redness) values decreased over the storage period. After four weeks storage, the viscosity increased from 83.2 to 158.5 cp according to the amount of yam juice that was added. The antioxidant activity, such as the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the total polyphenol content of the salad dressing improved as the yam concentration increased. Moreover, according to the storage time, the peroxide value did not increase. These results show that the mulberry salad dressing to which omija and fresh yam juice were added maintained its freshness with high antioxidative activity during storage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1995

In order to find out the effects of shading and nitrogen fertilizer on $NO_3^-$ accumulation in the edible parts of chinese cabbage, Cutivar, "Seoul", was cultivated in the pots under glasshouse condition with different rates of shading(0, 15, 30, 50, 75%) and nitrogen fertilization(recommended level, and double rate of recommended level). Leaf length, leaf width, yield (leaf weight), root width and root weight in the 15% shading rate showed the highest value, but decreased in the over 30% shading rates. The highest yield showed in the plot of the 15% shading rate with double rate application of recommended N level. High rate of shading increased the $NO_3^-$ accumulation, especially in midrib and outer leaf compared to leaf blade and inner leaf, respectively. The average $NO_3^-$ accumulation of edible parts of chinese cabbage are $4,872mg\;kg^{-1}$(outer midrib), $2,363mg\;kg^{-1}$(inner midrib), $1,405mg\;kg^{-1}$(outer leaf blade) and $727mg\;kg^{-1}$(inner leaf blade). $NO_3^-$ accumulation of outer midrib in the plots of double application of recommended N level were no difference between shading rate containing $5,000{\sim}6,000mg\;kg^{-1}$ $NO_3^-$, while in the plots of recommended N level it was increased by elevating shading rate. It was concluded that overuse of nitrogen fertiliration for chinese cabbage in glasshouse condition might lead to increase $NO_3^-$ accumulation. It could be advisable to cut out both the out leaf blade and outer midrib which might accumulate the high concentration of $NO_3^-$ before consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.919-926
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• 2021

In this study, we wanted to find out the optimal angle as a modified tangential projection of the patella. In the experiment, we used Kyoto Kagaku's PBU-50 phantom. In the supine position, the F-T angle was set to 95°, 105°, 115°, 125°, 135°, 145°, and Patella tangential projection images were obtained by varying the X-ray tube angle by 5° so that the angle between the X-ray centerline and tibia at each angle was 5~20°. Image J was used for image analysis and the congruence angle, lateral patellofemoral angle, patellofemoral index and contrast to noise ratio(CNR) were also measured. SPSS 22 was used for statistical analysis, and the mean values of congruence angle, patellofemoral angle, patellofemoral index, and CNR were compared with Merchant method through one-way batch analysis and corresponding sample t-test. As a result of the study, in the case of congruence angle, the angle of incidence of the knee-angle X-ray centerline was 105°-72.5° (20° tangential irradiation), 115°-72.5°, 77.5° (15, 20° tangential irradiation), 125°-82.5° (20° tangential irradiation), lateral patellofemoral angle is 115°-72.5°, 77.5° (15, 20° tangential irradiation), 125°-72.5° (10° tangential irradiation), patellofemoral index is 115°-72.5° (15° tangential irradiation) and 125°-72.5° (10° tangential irradiation) were not significantly different from Merchant method (p> .05). In case of CNR, it is not different from Merchant method at 105°-67.5°, 72.5° (15, 20° tangential irradiation), 115°-67.5°, 72.5°, 77.5° (10, 15, 20° tangential irradiation). (P> .05). Based on the results of this study, high diagnostic value images can be obtained by setting the knee angle and the angle of incidence of the X-ray tube to 115°-72.5° (15° tangential irradiation) during the modified tangential examination of the knee bone. It was confirmed.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.48
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• pp.289-323
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• 2017

L'Espoir, a novel by Andre Malraux, contains traits of the genre of literacy reportage that depicts the full account of the Spanish Civil War as non-fiction based on his personal experience of participating in war; the novel has been dramatized into a semi-documentary film that corresponds to reportage literature. A semi-documentary film is the genre of film that pursues realistic illustration of social incidents or phenomenon. Despite difference in types of genre of the novel and the film L'Espoir, such creative activities deserve close relevance and considerable narrative connectivity. Therefore, $G{\acute{e}}rard$ Genette's narrative discourse of novel and film based on narrative theory carries value of research. Every kind of story, in a narrative message, has duplicate times in which story time and discourse time are different. This is because, in a narrative message, one event may occur before or later than another, told lengthily or concisely, and aroused once or repeatedly. Accordingly, analyzing differing timeliness of the actual event occurring and of recording that event is in terms of order, duration, and frequency. Since timeliness of order, duration, and frequency indicates dramatic pace that controls the passage of a story, it appears as an editorial notion in the novel and the film L'Espoir. It is an aesthetic discourse raising curiosity and shock, the correspondence of time in arranging, summarizing, deleting the story. In addition, Genette mentions notions of speech and voice to clearly distinguish position and focalization of a narrator or a speaker in text. The necessity to discriminate 'who speaks' and 'who sees' comes from difference in views of the narrator of text and the text. The matter of 'who speaks' is about who portrays narrator of the story. However, 'who sees' is related to from whose stance the story is being narrated. In the novel L'Espoir, change of focalization was ushered through zero focalization and internal focalization, and pertains to the multicamera in the film. Also, the frame story was commonly taken as metadiegetic type of voice in both film and novel of L'Espoir. In sum, narrative discourse in the novel and the film L'Espoir is the dimension of story communication among text, the narrator, and recipient.