• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 1987

실험적으로 폐홉춘을 감염시킨 백서의 혈청내 항원을 ELISA 법으로 측정하였다. 시험용 혈청은 폐흡충의 피낭유충을 마리당 25개씩 먹인 총 22마리의 백서에서 감염후 12주가 될 때까지 채혈하여 얻었다. 폐흡충에 대한 특이항체는 폐흡충 감염 고양이의 혈청으로부터 ammonium sulfate 침전과 anionezchange chromatography를 이용, IgG를 분리한 후 affinity chromatography를 이용하여 순수분리하였다. 항원을 찾기 위한 ELISA는 소위 "double antibody sandwich method"를 사용하였다. 대조로서 사용한 감염전 혈청의 O.D.치 평균값은 0.04(표준편차 0.04)이었으며 감염후 O.D.치 (표준편차)의 변화를 보면 0.5주(3일)는 0.03(0.01), 1주는 0.55(0.50), 1.5주는 0.69(0.45), 2주는 0.20(0.19), 2.5주는 0.13(0.10)이었고 감염 3주 이후는 대조 혈청의 값으로 떨어졌다. 대조혈청의 $평균간+3{\times}$ 표준편차, 즉 0.16이하를 이 system에서의 비특이적 수치로 잡았을 때 이 이상의 수치를 나타낸 경우는 감염 후 1주부터 2.5주까지의 혈청에서만 관찰되었다. 한편 감염 12주 후에 총 10마리의 백서를 희생시켜 유충을 회수하여 보았다. 폐와 흉강에서는 평균 2.2마리, 근육에서는 평균 6.2마리의 유충을 회수할 수 있었다. 폐흡충 감염 백서에 있어 충체가 생산하는 항원은 감염 1주 후부터 혈청 내에서 검출되었다. 그러나 감염 3주후부터는 검출되지 않았는데 이것은 항원-항체 복합체 형성에 의한 반응 저해 현상에 의한 것으로 생각되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.203-214
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• 2003

Scrub typhus and murine typhus are common endemic febrile illness in the fall in Korea. Scrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugomushi, murine typhus is caused by Rickettsia typhi. Trombiculid mites are known as both the vector and the reservoir host of O tsutsugamushi, the mites which transmit O tsutsugomushi have been reported to be Leptotrombidium pallidum and L scutellare. The author carried out an epidemiological study of scrub typhus and murine typhus in Kyodong-Myeon, Kanghwa-Gun, Incheon in relation to the residents and the host rodents, such as their distribution, seroepidemiology, and population density of chigger mites. 1. Out of 900 residents, 33(3.7%) showed positive reaction to O tsutsugamushi, 24(2.7%) to R typhi. 2. In the seropositives to O tsutsugamushi or R typhi, between the sixties and the seventies of the age were dominant. 3. In the seropositives to O tsutsugamushi serotypically Gilliam was dominant. 4. Among the total 42 field rodents trapped by the sherman traps, 18 rodents were Apodemus agrarius(42.9%), 13 rodents were Crocidura lasiura(31.0%), 5 rodents were Musmusculus(11.9%), 2 rodents(4.8%) were Crocidura suaveolens, Rattus norvegicus, Tscherskia triton, respectively. 5. Out of 42 field rodents, 25 were parasitized by 4,419 chigger mites, showing 59.5% of the infestation rate and 98.8 of the chigger index. L pallidum parasitized in A agrarius, C lasiura, M musculus, R norvegicus and T triton, and L scutellare parasitized only C lasiura. 6. Antibodies in the sera of field rodents against O tsutsugamushi and R typhi were investigated by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique. Positive rate of antibody against O tsutsugamushi were 11.9(5 of 42) and all of the positive is A agrarius. Antibody against R typhi was not detected. These results might provide the basic information for the management of scrub typhus and murine typhus in Kyodong-myeon, where the epidemiological studies on scrub typhus and murine typhus was not carried out enough.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.719-727
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• 2000

A study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of swine to Korean foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV; subtype O, isolated from Chungju province) in April, 2ooo. One holstein cow was inoculated intradermolingually with suspension of homogenized tissue from a Korean native cow naturally infected with Korean FMDY. Infected cow was housed with one susceptible cow and one susceptible pig (contact sentinels). Four additional susceptible pigs were housed in the same room but caged separately (non-contacted sentinels). The contacted pig and cow as well as non-contact pigs developed typical clinical signs after 2, 3, and 7 days post exposure, respectively. We compared neutralizing antibody from the animals to FMDV $O_1$ Lombardy, O Taiwan, $O_1$ Campos, and $O_1$ Manisa after 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 days post challenge and post-exposure. The highest viral neutralization titer could be interpreted that serotype O Korea (Chungju isolate) is antigenically more related to $O_1$ Manisa. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to further characterize Korean FMDV from tissues of infected pigs. Korean FMDV antigen was observed in the tongue, hoof, esophagus, and tonsil tissues of sentinel pigs. These findings suggest that Korean FMD virus isolated from cattle can be rapidly transmitted to pigs both directly and indirectly contrast field observation in which only cattle were clinically ill.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1979

低濃度의 바이러스 조건하에서도 반응의 민감도가 높은 바이러스病의 血淸學的 診斷法을 개발하고자 담배모자이크 바이러스(Tobacco mosaic virus), 보리줄무늬 모자이크 바이러스( Barleys-tripe mosaic virus) 및 大豆모자이크 바이러스(Soybean mosaic virus)의 抗血淸으로부터 電氣泳動에 의해 추출된 Immunoglobulin을 Latex(0.8l$\mu$, Difco)粒子에 흡착시켜 梢子毛細管(1 $\times$ 100mm)내에서 各 罹病組織의 汁液과 반응시킨 결과 寒天沈降法이나 微量沈降法보다 민감도가 매우 높았다. 이 방법은 작업과정이 간편하고 빠른 시간내에 다량의 시료를 檢定할 수 있으며 陽性反應과 陰性反應을 쉽게 구별할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.438-444
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• 1991

This study was designed to evaluate the viability of canine trachea after cryopreservation for two months. Eight cervical tracheal rings were resected in three dogs and both ends were anastomosed. The resected tracheal segments were cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen at -196oC for two months. Two months later, the cryopreserved segments were thawed. Half of each segment was implanted into the abdomen of its donor animal and the other half was cultured in tissue media. Two weeks later, the animal was sacrificed. The native cervical trachea was removed to serve as a control and the abdominally implanted trachea was removed for study. At that time, both specimens were also cultured in tissue media. Tracheal epithelial viability was assessed histologically by using an inverted microscope. The epithelial cells were confirmed immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Control and cryopreserved segments showed good, viable epithelial cells, but the implanted segments showed slightly depressed viability. We conclude that canine tracheal epithelium can survive after cryopreservation for two months, but the implanted trachea will be slightly damaged by ischemia before revascularization, even if omental wrapping is used.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1229-1235
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• 2006

A lab-on-a-chip (LoC) was designed for simultaneous monitoring of microorganisms, antibiotic residues, somatic cells, and pH in raw milk. The LoC was fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology, which consisted of two parts; a protein array and microchannel. The protein array was fabricated by immobilizing five types of antibodies corresponding to two microorganisms, two antibiotic residues, and somatic cells. A sol-gel film was deposited on a glass substrate to immobilize the antibodies. The target analytes in raw milk could be bound with the corresponding antibody by an immunoreaction, and the antigen-antibody complex was detected using fluorescence microscopy. SNARF-dextran was used as a pH indicator, and the SNARF-entrapped hydrogel was attached to the microchannel in the chip. After injecting the milk sample into the channel, the pH was measured by monitoring the change in fluorescence intensity by fluorescence microscopy. The on-chip simultaneous assay of two microorganisms (E. coli O157:H7 and Streptococcus agalactiae), two antibiotic residues (penicillin G and dihydrostreptomycin), and neutrophils was successfully accomplished using the proposed LoC system.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2006

To demonstrate the effect of formulation conditions and evaluations of structural integrity from ovalbumin containing poly lactide glycolide copolymer (PLGA) microspheres for Vaccine delivery, OVA microspheres were prepared by a W/O/W multiple emulsion solvent extraction technique. Dichloromethan (DCM) and Ethyl acetate (EA) were applied as an organic phase and poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a secondary emulsion stabilizer. Microspheres were characterized for particle size, morphology (optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)). Protein denaturation was evaluated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing (IEF). Residual organic solvent was estimated by gas chromatography (GC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Optical photomicrograph and SEM revealed that micro spheres were typically spherical but various morphologies were observed. Mean particle size $(d_{vs})$ of microspheres were in the range of $3{\sim}50{\mu}m$. Also, The protein stability was not affected by the fonnulation process and residual organic solvent was beyond the detection below 0.1ppm. These results demonstrated that micro spheres might be a good candidate for the parenteral vaccine delivery system.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

To study the nature of differentially manifested adaptive response of an organism according to the intensities of the stress, the immune effects of different levels of repeated hypoxia were investigated. Four experimental groups (NH : not -handled, 20% : handled, 15% or 10% : exposed to 15% or 10% $\textrm{O}_2$ 씨오투 with balanced nitrogen, respectively) of mice were exposed to different levels of hypoxia for 60 min/day, 5days/week in a repeated and intermittent manner. After 8 weeks' exposure to hypoxia environment, mice were subjected to immune function measurements, A decreased proportion of CD3+ CD8 phenotype cells in the study of splenocyte subsets was observed in the 10% group. Ovalbumin-stimulated IgG2a production was increased in the 15% group, while no changes were noted in the IgGl and IgM production. No significant changes of the antigen-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and the natural killer cell cytotoxicity were found. These results show that the stress effects on the immune systems can be varied according to the strength of the stress and that a mild level of repeated hypoxic stress can enhance the immune function of mice in this experimental model.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2007

Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is very important disease in cattle industry with a worldwide distribution. Detection and elimination of persistently infected calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) was valuable strategy for BVD eradication because those calves were main source for transmission. We surveyed persistent infection with BVDV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using whole blood and skin. Five hundred thirty nine Korean native calves were tested. Four calves (0.7%) were positive for BVDV antigen for both tests. Those calves remained positive for follow-up by RT-PCR and IHC. Therefore they were identified as persistently infected with BVDV. We confirmed that immunohistochemistry using skin biopsy samples was very useful tool to detect persistently infected calves with BVDV. As far as we know, this would be first report on persistent infection with BVDV in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.355-362
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• 1991

A total of 2,580 sera of the patients who were consulted to the serology laboratory of the Seoul National University Hospital were collected in 1990. The sera were screened by micro-ELISA to detect IgG antibody reacting with Pneumocystis carinii antigen. The absorbances were 0.00 to 1.41 and mean 0.27±0.253. As the positive criterion was set absorbance 0.2 or more with 70% sensitivity, total positive rate was 44.4oA. Mean absorbances and positive rates were higher in children than in adults; 0.40 and 62.9% in 0 year group, 0.50 and 81.2% in 1 year group, 0.41 and 66.0% in 2-3 year group, 0.33 and 61.4% in 4-5 year group, 0.25 and 42.3% in 6-10 year group respectively. In the age groups over 11 years, the absorbances were in range of 0.16 to 0.23 and the positive rates were 26.1% to 41.5%. The present level of absorbances and positive rates could be regarded similar with those in normal Korean population. The present findings suggest that most humans are exposed to Pneumocystis within 2 years after birth and meet much less new antigenic challenge after 11 years in Korea.