• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.465-470
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• 2012

Objectives : In general, the active of volatile compounds which become usually known as the principal ingredient of bad breath is closely connected with temperature. In this study, an investigation was made into the correlation between oral malodor and the temperature of rinsing water. Specifically, an analysis was made of saliva in rinsing water with relation to amount, flow and pH. In addition, a calculation was made of O'Leary index. The results are expected to be basic data for oral malodor reduction plans. Methods : A total of 30 women who are in their 20s without any systemic disease and teeth braces and non-pregnant were chosen for the study. The research was carried during 3 weeks from 28 Mar to 11 Apr in 2011. Results : Saliva was not significantly affected by the temperature of rinsing water, in connection with saliva amount, saliva flow and saliva pH. The O'Leary index and oral malodor was the highest in warm water, but the subjects preferred rinsing with cold water. Conclusions : In conclusion, oral malodor was found to be reduced in inverse proportion to the temperature of rinsing water. Thus, it is recommended to rinsing water with warm water after tooth brushing.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.1162-1171
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• 1998

본 논문에서는 relaxed min-max heap을 병합시키기 위하여 새로운 자료구조인 개선된 relaxed min-max-pair 힙을 제시함과 동시에, 두개의 relaxed min-max 힙, 즉 크기가 n인 relaxed min-max nheap과 크기가 k인 relaxed min-max kheap으로 구성된 우선 순위 큐를 병합시키기 위한 병렬 알고리즘을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 [9]의 방법으로부터 relaxed min-max 힙을 병합 시키기 위해서 이용된 blossomed tree와 lazying 방법을 제거하여도 병합되는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 결과적으로 본 논문에 제시된 방법은 max($2^{i-1}$,[(m+1/4)])개의 프로세서를 이용할 경우, 시간 복잡도가 O(log(log(n/k))${\times}$log(k))임을 볼 수가 있다. 그리고 크기가 서로 다른 두 개의 relaxed min-max heap으로 구성된 8백만개의 데이터를 병합시키기 위해서, MasPar 머쉰에서 64개의 프로세서를 이용하여 실행시킨 결과 35.205의 Speedup을 얻었다.

• Plant Resources
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2003

To find out the optimum fertilizer level for high yielding variety, Velox, experiment was conducted with 15 compositions of fertilizer levels at the experiment field of forage crop in Sunchon National University from Mar. 2000 to Aug. 2000. The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on plant growth were significant but increasing rate of application in potassium and phosphate fertilizers above 6 kg/a had negligible effects on plant growth. The optimum nitrogen application level of fertilizers turned out to be 16-6-6 kg/l0a of N-P$_2$O$_{5}$-K$_{5}$O. Content of crude protein was highest and that of crude fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin were lowest at this rate of fertilizer application. Furthermore, IVDMD was high and dry matter yield were highest at the optimum raterate

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 1996

Chemical carcinogenesis is associated with the increase of intracellular polyamine levels, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse epidermal ODC activity are essential to skin tumor promotion by TPA. Therefore, for the discovery of new cancer chemopreventive agents, we have evaluated about 73 kinds of natural products to study inhibitory effects against ODC activity induced by TPA in T24 cell culture system. The total methanol extracts of plants fractionated into three layers (hexane, ethyl acetate and water layer) were tested and the hexane fraction of Angelica gigas $(root\;bark,\;IC_{50}:\;7.4\;{\mu}g/ml)$ and the ethyl acetate fraction of Corydalis ternata $(root,\;IC_{50}:\;7.5\;{\mu}g/ml)$ were the most effective on the inhibition of TPA-induced ODC activity, These active fractions are under investigation with further sequential fractionation using column chromatography.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.176-187
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• 2007

Purpose: Recent studies show that Skin Resistance Variability(SRV) could be related to the functions of Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary(H-P-O) axis. 7-Zone-Diagnostic System is oriental medicine measuring system using SRV. To know the differences of SRV of normal and abnormal menstrual cycle groups, we research the SRV of the two groups. Methods: We measured SRV of two groups that were consist of 126 women who took CP-6000A test in Sangji Oriental Medical Hospital from Mar. 2004 to Feb. 2006. After detection of SRV, we performed correlation analysis by SPSS 12.0. Results: The SRV was measured twice in 7 areas. By the results of 1st trial on Factor AA of the SRV, the patient group's results were lower than normal group's results in all 7 areas. And there were remarkable differences in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 areas between two groups. By the results of 2nd trial on Factor AA of the SRV, the patient group's results were lower than normal group's results in all 7 areas similar to 1st trial results. And there were remarkable differences in 2, 3 areas between two groups. Conclusion: Comparing normal group with patient group, these results may reflect the relations of abnormal menstrual cycle and H-P-O axis functions. Because patient's results were lower than normal's in all 7 areas. And remarkable different results in 2, 3 areas were repeated by twice trial all. Further study will be needed.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

Aucubin, an irdoid g1ucoside, was investigated to determine whether it has a stimulating effect on $\alpha$-amanitin excretion in $\alpha$-amanitin intoxicated rats, and whether there is binding activity to calf thymus DNA. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of $\alpha$-amanitin in rat urine allowed quantitative measurement of the $\alpha$-amanitin concentration with a detection limit of 50${mu}g/ml$. In this system, a group treated with both $\alpha$-amanitin and aucubin showed that o(-amanitin was excreted about 1.4 times faster than in the $\alpha$-amanitin only treated group. Our previous results showed that the toxicity of $\alpha$-amanitin is due to specific inhibition of RNA polymerase activity and the resultant blockage of the synthesis of certain RNA species in the nucleus. However, no significant activity change on RNA polymerase from Hep G2 cells was observed when aucubin was treated with $\alpha$-amanitin at any concentration tested. Nevertheless, aucubigenin inhibited both DNA polymerase (IC50, 80.5${mu}g/ml$) and RNA polymerase (IC50, 135.0${mu}g/ml$) from the Hep G2 cells. The potential of both $\alpha$-amanitin and aucubin to interact with DNA were examined by spectrophotometric analysis. $\alpha$-Amanitin showed no significant binding capacity to calf thymus DNA, but aucubin was found to interact with DNA, and the apparent binding constant ($K_{app}$) and apparent number of binding sites per D7A phosphate ($B_{app}$) were 0.45$0.45{\times}$$10^4$ $M^{-1}$ and 1.25, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.230-236
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• 2000

(1'R, 2R)-, (1'R, 2S)-, (1'S, 2R)- and (1'S, 2S)-$\alpha$-hydroxymetoprolol; (2R)- and (2S)-O-des-methylmetoprolol; and (2R)- and (2S)-metoprolol acid are major metabolites of (2R)-and (2S)-metoprolol, $\beta$-adrenergic antagonist. The focus of most chiral separation methods until now has been on determination of the enantiomeric parent drug. However, it is just as important to be able to follow the metabolism of the enantiomers and their possible chiral metabolites. Therefore, for the study of stereoselective metabolism and pharmacokinetics of metoprolol, the chiral separation of the enantiomers of metoprolol and its metabolites has been investigated using four chiral stationary phases, i.e., Chiralcel OD, Chiral-AGP, Cyclobond I and Sumichiral OA-4900 columns. Metoprolol acid was resolved only by Sumichiral OA-4900. Chiralcel OD provided the highest separation factor and resolution value for metoprolol and O-desmethylmetoprolol and partially resolved the four stereoisomers of $\alpha$-hydroxymetoprolol. Diastereomeric $\alpha$-hydroxymetoprolols were resolved using the coupled column chromatographic system of two chiral stationary phases, Sumichiral OA-4900 column and Chiralcel OD column.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2018

Climate change is believed to increase the amount of dissolved organic matter in surface water, as a result of the release of bulk organic matter, which make difficult to achieve a high quality of drinking water via conventional water treatment techniques. Therefore, the natural water treatment techniques, such as managed aquifer recharge (MAR), can be proposed as a alternative method to improve water quality greatly. Removal of bulk organic matter using managed aquifer recharge system is mainly achieved by biodegradation. Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) and assimilable organic carbon (AOC) can be used as water quality indicators for biological stability of drinking water. In this study, we compared the change of BDOC and AOC with respect to pretreatment methods (i.e., ozone or peroxone). The oxidative pretreatment can transform the recalcitrant organic matter into readily biodegradable one (i.e., BDOC and AOC). We also investigated the differences of organic matter characteristics between BDOC and AOC. We observed the decreases in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the tryptophan-like fluorescence intensities. Liquid chromatographic - organic carbon detection (LC-OCD) analysis also showed the reduction of the low molecular weight (LMW) fraction (15% removed, less than 500 Da), which is known to be easily biodegradable, and the biopolymers, high molecular weight fractions (66%). Therefore, BDOC consists of a broad range of organic matter characteristics with respect to molecular weight. In AOC, low molecular weight organic matter and biopolymers fraction was reduced by 11 and 6%, respectively. It confirmed that biodegradation by microorganisms as the main removal mechanism in AOC, while BDOC has biodegradation by microorganism as well as the sorption effects from the sand. $O_3$ and $O_3+H_2O_2$ were compared with respect to biological stability and dissolved organic matter characteristics. BDOC and AOC were determined to be about 1.9 times for $O_3$ and about 1.4 times for $O_3+H_2O_2$. It was confirmed that $O_3$ enhanced the biodegradability by increasing LMW dissolved organic matter.

• 생약학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 1985

In order to search for potential antidotes for T-2 toxin poisoning, seven Chinese herbal drug extracts and five natural constituents were tested on mice intoxicated with T-2 toxin. When extracts of Panax ginseng and Atractylodes japonica (500 mg/kg) were administered p.o. once 3 hrs before and once 1 hr after T-2 toxin treatment, a 30% complete survival rate was noted. In case of Paeonia albiflora var. typica, a 30% complete survival rate was also produced at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Other extracts, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Rehmannia glutinosa and Plantago asiatica exhibited no significant protection from the T-2 toxin poisoning. A nucleoside, thymidine showed protective activity against T-2 toxin toxicity and it produced a 40% complete survival rate when administered i.p. once 0.5 hr after T-2 toxin treatment. Other natural constituents, aucubin, vitamin C and E, and lipoic acid did not show any significant protective activities.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

In previously study we isolated several fish matrix attachment regions (MARs) capable of replicating the plasmid by itself. In this study we construct a fish expression vector pBaEGFP(+) containing mud loach ${\beta}$-actin promoter EGFP as reporter gene and SV40 signal. To analyze the effects of the fish expression vector respectively. The fish ARS containing constructs pBaEGFP(+)-ARSs were transfected cells with pBaEGFP(+)-ARS101 and pBaEGFP(+)-ARS223 reduced 10 days to 25 days and then was constant to 30 days after transfection while that of the control vector without ARS element was basal level. The intensity of both constructs showed about 30fold of the intensity compared with the control vector on 30days after transfection individually .E. coli back-transformation analysis shows that pBaEGFP(+)-ARS223 and pBaEGFP(+)-ARS905 maintain in episomal state at least 30 days after transfection. The result indicates that both may be able to replicate the vector in BF-2 cell. Therefore the matrix-attached ARSs enhancing expression of the reporter gene might be useful as a component o the expression vector for transgenic studies.