• 제목/요약/키워드: Nutritional starvation

검색결과 31건 처리시간 0.03초

Changes of Morphometric Traits in the Cultured Cyprinid Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) to Starvation

  • Hur, Jun Wook;Gil, Hyun Woo;Park, In-Seok
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • 제5권4호
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    • pp.264-275
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    • 2018
  • The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of various dietary conditions on external morphometric traits, and sectioned morphometric traits in the cultured cyprinid loach, (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) for 28 days. For the fed group there was an increase in body weight, standard length, and morphometric dimensions of the head and body cavity regions compared with the starved and initial groups. Sectioned morphometric trait analysis revealed that relative to the starved group, the fed group had greater body circumference, cross-sectional area, and total height (P<0.05). Our results provide data on external and sectioned morphometric changes under starvation conditions, and can be used as a guide to assist in the regulation and scheduling of feeding, and as indices of the nutritional status of cyprinid loach.

하절기 가두리양식 참돔의 절식에 따른 성장과 혈액성상의 변화 (Change of Growth and Blood Characteristics on Starvation of Red Seabream Pagrus major Cultured in Marine Net Cage in Summer)

  • 김원진;원경미;신윤경;이정용
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제29권3호
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 하절기에 지속적으로 발생하는 고수온, 적조와 같은 피해를 최소화하기 위한 방안으로 해상가두리 ($6m{\times}6m{\times}6m$) 절식 사육을 통해 참돔의 생존율, 성장, 성장 회복 그리고 생리반응을 조사하였다. 6주간의 절식 후 4주간의 먹이 공급을 통한 연구결과 생존율은 섭식구 94.4%, 절식구 98.1%로 나타났다. 체중 성장률은 절식구에서 $-12.4{\pm}3.2%$ 성장을 보여 체중의 유의한 감소를 보였지만, 먹이 공급 후 $36.7{\pm}6.8%$의 빠른 성장 회복을 나타냈다. 혈액분석을 통한 절식구의 영양상태 또한 섭식구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였지만 먹이 공급 후 개시 시 수준으로 빠르게 회복하였다. 또한 스트레스 지표를 분석한 결과 절식기간 섭식구의 Hb, Ht의 수치가 증가하였으며, 섭식구의 급격한 혈액성상의 변화는 하절기 해상가두리 환경에서 절식구보다 섭식구가 스트레스에 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 생존율, 성장 회복, 혈액성상을 통한 결과를 토대로, 고수온과 적조에 노출되는 하절기에 피해를 최소화하기 위한 가두리 양식어류 관리 방안으로 일정기간 절식이 활용 가능할 것으로 여겨진다.

급성(急性) 기아(饑餓)마우스의 간단백질(肝蛋白質), 핵산(核酸) 및 Guanine Deaminase 활성(活性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (A Study on The Content of Liver Protein, Nucleic Acids, and Guanine Deaminase Activity of Mouse During Acute Starvation)

  • 박승희;김승원
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.107-115
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    • 1968
  • Number of aspects, not only nutritional but social as well as political involved in human starvation pose nowadays global problems. In order to help establish the minimum nutritional requirements in the daily life of a man and to free people as well from either undernourishment, malnutrition or even starvation many workers have devoted themselves so far on the research programs to know what and how number of metabolic events take place in animals in vivo. It is the purpose of the present paper to examine in effect to what extent both of the protein and nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) together with an enzyme, guanine deaminase, which converts guanine into xanthine and in turn ends up to uric acid as an end product, undergo changes, quantitatively during acute starvation, using the mouse as an experimental animal. The mouse was strictly inhibited from taking foods except drinking water ad libitum and was sacriflced 24, 48, and 72 hours following starvation thus acutely induced. The animals consisted of two experimental groups, one control and another starvation groups, each being consisted of 6-24 mice of whose body weights ranged in the vicinity of 10 g. The animals were sacriflced by a blow on the head, followed by immediate excision of their livers into ice-cold distilled water, washing adherent blood and other contaminant tissues. The liver was minced foramin, by an all-glass homogenizer immersing it in an ice-bath, followed by subsequent fractionatin of the homogenate (10% W/V in 0.25M sucrose solution made up with 0.05M phosphate buffer of pH 7.4). For the liver protein and guanine deaminase assay, the 10% homogenate was centrifuged at 600 x g for 10 minutes to eliminate the nuclear fraction; and for the estimation of DNA and RNA, the homogenate was prepared by the addition of 10% trichloroacetic acid in order to free the homogenate from the acid-soluble fraction, the remaining residue being delipidate by the addition of alcohol and dried in vacuo for later KOH (IN) hydrolysis. The changes in body and liver wegihts during acute starvation were checked gravimetrically. Protein contents in the liver were monitored by the method of Lowry et al; and guanine deaminase activities were followed by the assay of liberated ammonia from the substrate utilizing the Caraway's colorimetry. The extraction of both DNA and RNA was performed by the Schmidt-Thannhauser's method, which was followed by Marmur's method of purification for DNA and by Chargaff's method of purification for RNA. The determinations of both DNA and RNA were carried out by the diphenylamine reaction for the former and by the orcinol reaction for the latter. The following resume was the results of the present work. 1. It was observed that the body as well as liver weights fall abruptly during starvation, and that the loss of body weight showed no statistical correlation with the decreases in the content of liver protein. 2. The content of liver protein and activity of liver guanine deaminase activity as well decline dramatically, and the specific activities of the enzyme (activity/protein), however, decreased gradually as starvation proceeded. 3. Both of the nucleic acids, DNA and RNA, showed decrements in the liver of mouse during acute starvation; the latter, however, being more striking in the decline as compared to the former. 4. The decreases in the liver protein content as resulted from the acute starvation had no statistically significant correlation with the decrements of DNA in the same tissue, but had regressed with a significant statistical correlation with the fall of RNA in the tissue. 5. The decrease in the activity of guanine deaminase in the liver of mouse during acute starvation was functionally more proportional to the decrease in RNA than DNA, and moreover correlated with the changes in the content of the liver protein. 6. The possible mechanisms involved during in this acute starvation as bring the decreases in the contents of DNA, protein, and guanine deaminase were discussed briefly.

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Impact of inhibitors of amino acid, protein, and RNA synthesis on C allocation in the diatom Chaetoceros muellerii: a FTIR approach

  • Giordano, Mario;Norici, Alessandra;Beardall, John
    • ALGAE
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.161-170
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    • 2017
  • Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study carbon allocation patterns in response to N-starvation in the nearly ubiquitous diatom Chaetoceros muellerii. The role of gene expression, protein synthesis and transamination on the organic composition of cells was tested by using specific inhibitors. The results show that inhibition of key processes in algal metabolism influence the macromolecular composition of cells and and prior cell nutritional state can influence a cell's response to changing nutrient availability. The allocation of C can thus lead to different organic composition depending on the nutritional context, with obvious repercussions for the trophic web. This also shows that C allocation in algal cells is highly flexible and that C (and the energy associated with its allocation) can be variably and rapidly partitioned in algal cells in response to relatively short term perturbations. Furthermore, the data confirm and extend the utility of infrared spectroscopy as a probe of the metabolic state of autotrophic cells.

조피볼락 Sebastes schlegeli과 점농어 Lateolabrax sp. 자어의 기아시 성장 및 간세포 핵 크기 변화 (Effect of Starvation on the Growth and Hepatocyte Nuclear Size of Larval Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and Larval Spotted Sea Bass Lateolabrax sp.)

  • 박인석;이창규;임재현;김정혜;김선웅
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.345-352
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    • 1998
  • 조피볼락 Sebastes schlegeli 자어와 점농어 Lateolabrax sp. 자어를 대상으로 기아시 성장과 간세포 핵 크기 변화를 조사하였다. 전장과 습중량 성장에 있어 조피볼락과 점농어의 간세포 핵 크기는 첫 먹이 섭취 자어의 영양상태와 연관성을 보였다. 본 연구의 조피볼락과 점농어 자어에서의 기아시 간세포 핵 크기 조사 결과는 조피볼락과 점농어에서 초기 영양상태 판명의 지표가 될 수 있으며 초기 먹이 공급 공정시 내생적 영양상태에서 외생적 영양상태로의 효율적 전환을 가능케 할 것으로 사료된다.

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넙치의 사료공급과 절식시 성장과 표현형질 특징 (Effect of Feeding and Starvation on Growth and Phenotypic Trait in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel))

  • 박인석;우선랑;김은미;조성환
    • 한국양식학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.183-187
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    • 2006
  • 넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel)에서 급이와 절식이 생존과 성장 및 표현형질에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 12주에 걸친 급이와 절식 실험을 수행하였다. 실험 기간중 절식군의 생존율은 급이군에 비해 낮았다. 기아는 비만도, 일일성장률, 체중 성장률 및 실험 종료시 체중에서의 감소를 보이는 성장 저해를 나타낸 반면, 급이군은 지속적이고 양호한 성장을 보였다. 절식군은 급이군에 비하여 유사한 dressing비와 내장괴지수를 보였으며, 낮은 내장괴제거 체중을 보였다(P<0.05). 본 연구 결과, 급이와 절식 파악에 사용된 표현형질은 본 종의 영양 상태 확인의 지표로 유용하며, 넙치 표본시의 성장 시기 평가 결정에 유용하리라 사료된다.

Effect of Starvation on Kidney Melano-macrophage Centre in Sub-adult Rock Bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck and Schlegel)

  • Seol, Dong-Won;Hur, Jun-Wook;Kim, Dong-Soo;Nam, Yoon-Kwon;Bang, In-Chul;Park, In-Seok
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.49-53
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    • 2009
  • We conducted a histological analysis to investigate the influence of nutritional changes on melano-macrophages (MMs) accumulation in the kidney of sub-adult rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). Four experimental groups were established (initial control, control, fed and starved), and fed commercial feed amounting to 1-3% of their body weight for 2 weeks prior to initiation of experiments. Kidney MMs with dark brown pigment were randomly observed in the kidneys of starved fish, increasing rapidly after 4 weeks, while deposition levels remained low throughout the experiment in the control and fed groups. These results suggest that catabolic tissue breakdown is a major factor contributing to the formation of pigments within MMs. Results also suggest that the degree of MMs deposition in the kidney can be used as alternative indicators in identifying starvation in wild and cultured rock bream.

Effect of Starvation on Growth and Hepatocyte Nuclear Size of Larval Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus

  • Kim, Bong-Seok;Park, In-Seok;Kim, Hyung-Soo
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.107-112
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    • 2012
  • Early growth, the rate of yolk sac absorption, and nucleus size in liver parenchymal cells were correlated with the nutritional status of first feeding larval haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus. Larvae that successfully began exogenous feeding maintained high growth rates, delayed yolk sac resorption, and had larger hepatocyte nuclear sizes than starved larvae. At 10 days post hatch (DPH) the cumulative mortality in the starved larval haddock group was 100%. The area of the hepatocyte nuclei in starved larvae gradually decreased, reaching its lowest value by 9 DPH. Our results support the current practice of providing the first food supply at 3 DPH. Hepatocyte nuclear size can be used to assess larval haddock nutrition status, and may be a good criterion for assessing the success of transition from endogenous to exogenous feeding.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe의 유일한 치오레독신 환원효소의 산화적, 일산화질소 및 영양 스트레스에 대한 방어적 역할 (A unique thioredoxin reductase plays defensive roles against oxidative, nitrosative and nutritional stresses in Schizosaccharomyces pombe)

  • 지담정;임창진;김경훈
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2016
  • 치오레독신 환원효소(TrxR)를 encoding하는 Schizosaccharomyces pombe의 유일한 $TrxR^+$ 유전자는 스트레스 반응 전사인자인 Pap1의 매개에 의하여 스트레스 유발 인자들에 의하여 양성적으로 조절됨이 발견되었다. 본 연구에서는, TrxR 과잉 발현 재조합 플라스미드 pHSM10을 사용하여 S. pombe TrxR의 방어적 역할들이 평가되었다. 과산화수소($H_2O_2$)와 superoxide anion을 생성하는 menadione (MD)의 존재 하에서, S. pombe TrxR은 세포성장과 총 글루타치온 (GSH) 수준을 증강시키나, 세포 내 활성산소종(ROS) 수준은 감소시켰다. $H_2O_2$와 MD에 의하여 크게 영향 받지 않는 일산화질소(NO) 수준에는 유의성 없는 효과를 보였다. S. pombe TrxR은 sodium nitroprusside(SNP)에 의하여 생성되는 NO를 소거할 수 있었으나, SNP에 노출된 세포들의 성장, ROS 수준이나 총 글루타치온 수준에는 영향을 보이지 않았다. S. pombe TrxR은 질소 결핍(nitrogen starvation)에 의하여 감소되는 세포 성장 및 총 글루타치온 수준을 증가시키며, 질소 결핍에 의하여 생성되는 ROS와 NO를 소거하였다. 요약하건대, S. pombe TrxR은 산화적, 일산화질소 및 영양 스트레스로부터 효모 세포를 보호하지만, 공통적인 기전에 의하지는 않는다.

적조발생시기 참돔의 절식과 사육밀도에 따른 성장과 혈액성상 (Growth and Blood Characteristics of Red Sea Bream Pagrus major by Starvation and Stocking Density during Red Tide)

  • 김원진;이정용;신윤경;원경미
    • 한국어류학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.194-204
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 매년 C. polykrikoides 적조에 의해 발생하는 양식 어류 폐사의 피해를 최소화하기 위해 적조시기 참돔의 절식과 밀도의 영향을 조사하였다. 해상가두리($11m{\times}11m{\times}5m$)에서 섭식-고밀도(F-HD), 절식-고밀도(S-HD), 절식-저밀도(S-LD) 세 그룹으로 구분하여 5주간의 절식 후 4주간의 먹이공급을 통해 참돔의 생존율, 성장, 성장회복 그리고 혈액학적 변화를 조사한 결과, 생존율은 F-HD에서 85.5%로 가장 낮았고, S-LD는 97.3%로 높은 생존율을 보였다. 5주간의 절식기간 동안 두절식구는 전장, 체중 성장률에서 마이너스 성장을 보여 섭식구와 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 하지만 먹이 재공급 후두 절식구 모두 성장회복을 보였다. 특히 S-LD는 먹이 재공급 기간 동안 빠른 성장회복을 통해 보상성장 경향을 보였으며, 섭식구와 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). ALB, TCHO, TP, TG 혈액분석을 통한 실험구의 영양상태는 절식구에서 섭식구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였지만 먹이 공급 후 실험개시 시 수준으로 빠르게 회복하였다. 스트레스와 생리활성 지표인 Ht, Hb, AST, ALT 그리고 GLU가 적조 노출 후 F-HD에서 동일한 시기에 급격히 상승하여, 적조시기 섭식, 고밀도 사육환경은 양식어류에게 더 민감한 사육환경으로 작용할 것으로 여겨진다. 따라서 본 연구의 적조시기 절식과 밀도에 따른 생존율, 성장회복, 혈액성상을 통한 결과를 토대로, 적조 노출에 따른 절식과 밀도 조절이 사육어류 관리방안을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.