• Quality Improvement in Health Care
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.44-52
• /
• 2013

Objectives: Several studies on hospital malnutrition have reported that malnutrition among patients is highly prevalent and that more than 40% of hospitalized patients have nutritional risk factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of physicians' prescribed nutrition therapy before and after a protocol on nutrition therapy for malnourished inpatients was instituted. Methods: Data regarding the rates of physician implementation of nutritional therapy and the duration of therapy were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: The percentages of physicians who prescribed nutrition therapy before and after the protocol was initiated were 47.5% and 74.6%, respectively, which statistically significant with 95% confidence. The rates of therapy lasting less than 24 hours before and after the protocol was in place were 100% and 86.4%, respectively, which was not statistically significant. This result suggests that the improvement activity was not effective. Conclusion : The percentage of physicians who prescribed nutritional therapy based on improved nutritional program was significantly increased. Nutrition therapy for malnourished inpatients can be advanced through this new model.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.959-970
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary habit, nutritional condition and quality of everyday meal for college students. The number of the subjects was 102 and they were divided into three groups by their residing types; students living with their parents (n=34), students living in dormitory (n=34) and students living independently off the campus (n=34) Questionnaire, 24hour dietary recall for food intakes, and body composition analysis were used. SPSS program was used for the statistics. In general health matter, the average age for each group of students was $21.2kg/m^2$, $20.9kg/m^2$, and $21.9kg/m^2$ respectively. And heights, weights, muscle mass, body fats and BMI were not significantly different between groups. Results on dietary habit showed that students living with their parents had better meal pattern and regularity for breakfast than other groups. Also, for dietary evaluation, students living with their parents showed better extent of intake of milk than other groups. Evaluation on nutrients intake showed that amount of calcium, vitamin $B_2$, folic acid intake in student living independently off the campus were lower than those of the other groups(P<0.05). And MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) was not significantly different between groups, however INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality) and NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) of calcium were lower in off the campus group than other two groups. In conclusion, students living independently had worse eating habits and showed lower intake of calcium than those living with their parents or living in a dormitory. Therefore nutritional education for improving well-balanced dietary habits and optimal intake of nutrients are required especially for students living independently off the campus.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.362-370
• /
• 2007

The study was designed to assess the effect of iron and cereal supplementation on children's iron nutritional status in social welfare institutions. Dietary survey was carried out methods of food weighing and record by interview (n=74). A nutritional intervention study was carried out through supplementing iron supplements and cereal for 4 weeks in 4-12 years old children. Children received daily 40 mg elemental Fe as iron protein succinylate (n=23) and 3.6 mg elemental Fe as 100 g cereal (n=24), respectively. Blood samples were drawn before and after supplementation. Nutrients which children's intake was less than two-thirds of the RDA were vitamin A, vitamin B-1, vitamin B-2, calcium and iron. The mean daily intake of iron was 5.1 mg for male and 4.9 mg for female, and 52.3% for male and 45.4% for female of Korean RDA. The proportion of children with iron depletion assessed by TIBC (> 360 ${\mu}g$/dl) and serum ferritin (< 20 ng/ml) were 56.6% and 58.7%, respectively. The proportion of children with the iron deficient erythropoiesis assessed by serum iron (< 70 ${\mu}g$/dl), Hb (< 12 g/dl), Hct (< 36%) were 76.0%, 58.7%, 64.0%, respectively. After iron supplements treatment, Hb (p<0.001), Hct(p<0.001), serum iron (p<0.001), transferrin saturation (p<0.001) and serum ferritin (p<0.Ol) increase significantly and only TIBC decreased slightly. After cereal supplementation, in anemic children, Hct (p<0.001), serum iron (p<0.001) and transferrin saturation (p<0.001) were significantly increased. The effect of iron supplements and cereal supplementation in children with iron deficient erythropoiesis were more effective to improve the iron nutritional status than children with iron depletion. It was concluded that cereal supplementation program in anemic children was also effective to improve iron nutritional status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.575-583
• /
• 2003

To evaluate the effect of cereal supplementation on children's iron nutritional status of Korean institutionalized was designed. Dietary survey was carried out methods of food weighting in the breakfast or/and dinner, and record interview in lunch (n=74). A nutritional intervention study was carried out through supplementing cereal for 4 weeks in 24 children of 1 institution from 4 to 12 years. The children received 3.6mg elemental Fe(as 100g cereal) per day. Blood samples were drawn before and after supplementation. Nutrients which children's intake was less than two-thirds of Korean RDA were Vit A, Vit B1, Vit B2, Ca and Fe. The mean daily intakes of iron were 5.1mg for male and 4.9mg for female and 52.3% for male and 45.4% for female of Korean RDA. The proportions of children with iron depletion assessed by TIBC(>360mg/dl) and serum ferritin(<20ng/ml) were 56.6% and 58.7%, respectively. The proportions of children with the iron deficient erythropoiesis assessed by serum iron(<70ml/dl), Hb(<12g/dl), and Hct(<36%) were 76.0%, 58.7%, and 64.0%, respectively. After cereal supplementation, in anemic children, levels of Hct(p<0.001), serum iron(p<0.001) and transferrin saturation(p<0.001) were significantly increased. The effect of cereal supplementation in children with iron deficient erythropoeisis was more effective to improve the iron nutritional status than children with iron depletion. It was concluded that cereal supplementation program in anemic children was also effective to improve iron nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.219-231
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to collect basic data on the prevention of and education about diabetes mellitus for the nutritional management of a diabetes mellitus risk group. The study which took place in Kangbukgu, Seoul, involved a diabetes mellitus risk group (DMR $\geq$ 110 mg/dL, 61), of males and females, aged 36 to 68 years, and a group of healthy people as a control group ( < 110 mg/dL, 183), using luting blood sugar (FBS) levels. The proportion of people in the abnormal range was higher in the DMR than that of control group for total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), total protein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and creatinine. Particularly with respect to serum protein the proportion in the DMR in abnormal range (p < 0.05) was significantly higher than that of the control group. The proportion in the DMR with a family history of disease was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.01). Using body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and relative body weight (RBW), the obesity indices in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. Comparing the DMR and the control group with respect to dietary habits, it seems that the DMR had more undesirable dietary habits than the control group. When the intake of each nutrient for the DMR and the control group was compared to the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA), the proportion of excess intake and deficient intake in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. The DMR showed a greater undesirable dietary intake pattern as compared to that of the control group, based on the RDA. With respect to the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for quality estimation of the overall flood intake, the DMR showed a feater undesirable pattern than the control group. According to the above results, the DMR tended to have more undesirable eating habits when compared to the control group. Therefore, to provide a more efficient nutritional education program for the DMR we must conduct lurker studies on eating habits, so as to provide systematic nutritional management based on theme differences between the DMR and the control group.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2005

Purpose: this study was to compare the health service need according to residence characteristics. Method: The subjects consisted of 194 elderly people classified into two groups of living in community and living in institution. Data was collected from January to March, 2004 by a structured questionnaire that included general characteristics. health related variables, MMSE-K, nutritional status, pain, depression and ADL scale. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS program including descriptive analysis, $X^2$ test, t-test and Pearsons Correlation Coefficient. Result In general characteristics, there were differences in religions and spouses and all the group of people were aged. In health related variables according to residential characteristics. cognitive level (MMSE-K) of the elderly living in institutions was lower than that of the elderly living in community and the group of living in institutions showed more than 'moderate level' of subjective and relative health perception and their ADL was confirmed to be more dependent. But there was no significant difference among depression, BMI, nutritional status, number of present disease and pain according to residence characteristics. It was identified that pain had) positive correlation with nutritional status. ADL, and the number of present disease, and ADL showed negative correlation with cognitive level. Subjective and relative health perception had positive correlation with depression and negative correlation with nutritional status. In conclusion. the need of the health service of the elderly identified according to residential characteristics showed differences only in cognition and ADL. The elderly living in institutions showed relatively poor results. Conclusion: The concern of nutritional status is necessary to increase health status for the elderly, especially more concern and support is necessary for the elderly living in community.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.394-401
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to : (a) examine diabetic patients' sensory evaluation and food preferences, (b) analyze the portion sizes & plate wastes, (c) investigate the factors affecting plate wastes, and (d) determine the nutritional & mometary values of the plate wastes. A questionnaire for determining food preference and sensory evaluation was developed. Thirty-three diabetic patients who were hospitalized in Sanggye Paik hospital in Seoul were studied. Serving sizes and plate wastes were weighed by using an electric scale, and the CAN-Pro program was used to evaluate the nutritional value or the food consumed. The data were analyzed using the SAS package program for descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and the Pearson correlation. Using a five-point Likeu-type scale, the temperature s[ore ranged from 3.1 to 3.3 (1 : very poor, 5 : excellent), the preference store was 3.0-3.2 (1 : very dislike, 5:very like), the taste score was 2.9-3.2 (1 : very poor, 5 : excellent), and the amount of food served score was 2.8-3.0 (1 : too little, 5 : too much). Serving sizes were considered insufficient by patients because most of the DM diet was low in calories. Average plate waste for the DM diet was 26.2% of the total served, by weight, and was lower than that for patients consuming a normal diet, which was 30.3%, found in previous research. Those subjects who had been previously hospitalized and who wished to participate in a campaign for food waste reduction produced less plate waste than other groups (p<.05). Plate wastes of the DM diet were negatively correlated with taste, temperature, and preference, and were positively correlated with the amount served: however, these results were not statistically significant. It was found that diabetic patients consumed adequate levels of energy, protein, Ca, Fe, Vitamin B$_1$, Vitamin B$_2$, and niacin, but inadequate levels of Phosphorus, Vitamin A and Vitamin C. The plate wastes were calculated to be 26.2% of the total cost (￦ 3,489), which is ￦9l5. This represents a significant wastage of resources from the hospital. The results of this study could assist foodservice managers in both controlling food wastage, and improving the quality of hospital food services.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.90-101
• /
• 2002

This study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary behavior, perception of body image and iron deficiency of high school adolescent girls. The subjects were 463 high school girls in Inchon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analysed by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-retails were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants height, weight, body fat (%), skinfold thirkness, subscapular skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and waist-hip circumference. Blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of rural students were highest among students. However, over 18% of the urban and rural students belonged to the low-weight group. Proportions of skipping meals were most high in urban vocational students and the main reason was lack of time for meal. Most nutrient intakes of the students were below the RDA, in particular calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$. Most of the students were concerned with body image and weight control. Also they were not satisfied with their body image. The mean fell hemoglobin and transferrin saturation of rural students were lowest among students. The total binding capacity of urban vocational student\ulcorner were Invest among students. Prevalence of iron deficiency was most high in urban general students when judged by Hb, MCV and serum ferritin. In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in the female high school students was considerably lower than RDA. They should also be notified that severe weight control is very harmful for health. And they had lower self -satisfaction for their body image and undesirable flood habits. Therefore, prefer nutrition education is required to maintain desirable flood habits and improve their iron status in female high school students.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.179-192
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nutrition education program designed to reduce sugar intake in preschool children. The nutritional knowledge, dietary attitude, dietary behavior, and food intake with a sweet taste in preschool children were tested before and after 4 weeks of nutrition education from March 8 to April 1, 2016. The preschool children were recruited in Dobong-gu, Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups; educated (N=59) and non-educated group (N=40). Statistical analyseis were performed using SPSS 22. The nutritional knowledge about sweet tasting food was significantly increased (P<0.01) in the educated group and significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the non-educated group. The dietary attitude toward sweet tasting food was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the educated group but not significantly changed in the non-educated group. The dietary behavior toward sweet tasting food was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the educated group and significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the non-educated group. The major food sources of sugar intake were not significantly changed in either groups. The major food sources of sugar intake in the 5 years old children were yogurt products>sweetened breads>cookies/biscuits>chocolate>cereals>beverages>sweetened milk>sweet spicy chicken>Tteokbokki. Although there are some limitations in this study, due to the short length of the nutrition education and lack of active participation by the parents, the results suggest that effective nutrition education on sweet tasting food can bring about changes in nutritional knowledge as well as dietary attitude.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.38 no.8
• /
• pp.672-681
• /
• 2005

Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined as condition in which the subjects have two or more abnormalities among obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia. To develop a nutritional education program for MS, this study was performed to compare the dietary habits and nutrients intake of complex symptoms of MS with obesity or hyper-glycemia. The participants in this study were 84 normal adults,62 MS with obesity, 33 MS with hyperglycemia and 54 MS with obesity and hyperglycemia (OB + HG). A dietary survey was conducted using 24-hour recall method. Total cholesterol level of MS with obesity group was significantly higher than other groups. WHR and systolic blood pressure showed no significant difference among MS with obesity, hyperglycemia and OB+HG groups. Dietary intakes of energy, Fe, Vit A, Vit $B_2$ and Ca were less than $75\%$ of 7th Korean RDA in the all groups. Especially, dietary intakes of Vit $B_2$, Vit A and Ca were less than $50\%$ of RDA in MS with hyperglycemia and OB+HG groups. The other nutrient intakes of each group were also below the RDA level except for P, Vit C. It appeared that most of the nutrient intakes in MS with hyperglycemia and OB + HG groups were significantly lower than normal group. In MS with obesity group, each consumption of sweet, organ meat and soup was higher than other groups. Each consumption of garlic and onion in MS with obesity, hyperglycemia and OB + HG groups was lower than normal group. Also, each consumption of soup in MS with hyperglycemia and OB + HG groups was higher than normal group. Indices of nutritional quality (INQ) for Ca, Vit A and Vit $B_2$ were below 1 in all the groups. Food composition group score of MS with hyperglycemia group was significantly lower than normal and MS with obesity groups. Our results indicated that nutritional education program for MS with obesity or hyperglycemia should include specific strategies to modify unsound dietary habits and inappropriate food intake for health.