• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.271-274
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• 2004

Nutritional genomics is a new field of study of how nutrition interacts with an individual's genome or individual responds to individual diets. Systematic approach of nutritional genomics will likely provide important clues about responders and non-responders. The current interest in personalizing health stems from the breakthroughs emerging in integrative technologies of genomics and epigenomics and the identification of genetic and epigentic diversity in individual's genetic make-up that are associated with variations in many aspects of health, including diet-related diseases. Microarray is a powerful screen system that is being also currently employed in nutritional research. Monitoring of gene expression at genome level is now possible with this technology, which allows the simultaneous assessment of the transcription of tens of thousands of genes and of their relative expression of pathological cells such tumor cells compared with that of normal cells. Epigenetic events such as DNA methylation can result in change of gene expression without involving changes in gene sequence. Recent developed technology of DNAarray-based methylation assay will facilitate wide study of epigenetic process in nutrigenomics. Some of the areas that would benefitfrom these technologies include identifying molecular targets (Biomarkers) for the risk and benefit assessment. These characterized biomarkers can reflect expose, response, and susceptibility to foods and their components. Furthermore the identified new biomarker perhaps can be utilized as a indicator of delivery system fur optimizing health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1270-1277
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• 2017

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the impact of ewe body condition score (BCS) (over a range of 2.0 to 3.0) and nutritional treatments (consisting of differing herbage masses) during very late pregnancy and lactation and their potential interaction on the performance of twin-bearing ewes and their lambs to weaning. Methods: On day 142 of pregnancy, twin-bearing ewes with a BCS of 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 were allocated to a "Moderate' or 'Unrestricted' nutritional treatment until day 95 of lactation (weaning). The nutritional treatments aimed to achieve average herbage masses of 1,200 to 1,300 kg dry matter (DM)/ha (Moderate) and 1,500 to 1,800 kg DM/ha (Unrestricted). Results: There were no three-way interactions between ewe BCS group, nutritional treatment and time for any ewe or lamb parameter. The nutritional treatments had no effect (p>0.05) on lamb birth or weaning weight. Lambs born to Moderate ewes had greater survival and total litter weight at weaning (p<0.05). Regardless of BCS group, Unrestricted treatment ewes had greater body condition and back-fat depth at weaning than Moderate treatment ewes (p<0.05). Ewes of BCS 2.0 group reared lighter lambs to weaning (p<0.05) and tended to have a lower total litter weight (p = 0.06) than BCS 3.0 group ewes. Conclusion: This study suggests farmers should aim to have all ewes with a BCS of 2.5 or 3 in late pregnancy for optimal lamb weaning performance. Furthermore, there is no benefit to lamb production of offering ewes pasture masses >1,200 kg DM/ha during very late pregnancy and lactation.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2018

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C on inflammation, tumor development, and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammation-associated early colon cancer mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with AOM [10 mg/kg body weight (b.w)] and given two 7-d cycles of 2% DSS drinking water with a 14 d inter-cycle interval. Vitamin C (60 mg/kg b.w. and 120 mg/kg b.w.) was supplemented by gavage for 5 weeks starting 2 d after the AOM injection. RESULTS: The vitamin C treatment suppressed inflammatory morbidity, as reflected by disease activity index (DAI) in recovery phase and inhibited shortening of the colon, and reduced histological damage. In addition, vitamin C supplementation suppressed mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines, including cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-2, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, Interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, and IL-6, and reduced expression of the proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, compared to observations of AOM/DSS animals. Although the microbial composition did not differ significantly between the groups, administration of vitamin C improved the level of inflammation-related Lactococcus and JQ084893 to control levels. CONCLUSION: Vitamin C treatment provided moderate suppression of inflammation, proliferation, and certain inflammation-related dysbiosis in a murine model of colitis associated-early colon cancer. These findings support that vitamin C supplementation can benefit colonic health. Long-term clinical studies with various doses of vitamin C are warranted.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2016

Green tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most popular beverages in the world and has been acknowledged for centuries as having significant health benefits. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant catechin in green tea, and it has been reported to have health benefit effects. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator $(PGC)-1{\alpha}$ is a crucial regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate whether EGCG from green tea can affect the ability of transcriptional regulation on $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA expression in HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To study the molecular mechanism that allows EGCG to control $PGC-1{\alpha}$ expression, the promoter activity levels of $PGC-1{\alpha}$ were examined. The $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA level was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. The -970/+412 bp of $PGC-1{\alpha}$ promoter was subcloned into the pGL3-Basic vector that includes luciferase as a reporter gene. EGCG was found to up-regulate the $PGC-1{\alpha}$ mRNA levels significantly with $10{\mu}mol/L$ of EGCG in HepG2 cells and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. $PGC-1{\alpha}$ promoter activity was also increased by treatment with $10{\mu}mol/L$ of EGCG in both cells. These results suggest that EGCG may induce $PGC-1{\alpha}$ gene expression, potentially through promoter activation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.304-319
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• 1996

It is important to evaluate nutritional status of elderly patients receiving dialysis, since wasting and malnutrition are their common problems. This study aims at assessing their nutritional status by the type and duration of dialysis. The nutritional status such as somatic fat and protein storage was evaluated with anthropometric measure including weight/height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness and midarm muscle circumference. It was also measured with albumin, transferrin, C3 and IGF-1 and calorie and protein intakes. The general clinical condition of patients was evaluated with the severity of uremia and metabolic acidosis. which were measured through the levels of serum urea, creatinine and bicarbonateion. The data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, Wilcoxon-rank sums test, Scheffe test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The results are following : 1. There was no significant difference in the calorie and protein intakes by the type and duration of dialysis received. 2. As for the anthropometric measures, no significant difference was found by the type of dialysis in body mass index triceps skinfold thickness and midarm muscle circumference. Yet these anthropometric measures differed significantly by the duration of dialysis in those elderly patients receiving hemodialysis(HD group), but this finding was not found in those receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD). 3. Regarding the indicators of uremia and metabolic acidosis, blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine were lower in the CAPD group than in the HD group, whereas bicarbonate ion was higher in the CAPD group than in the HD group, with no statistical significance. In the HD group, creatinine increased significantly with the increase of the duration of dialysis. 4. Serum trasferrin and C3 were significantly higher in the CAPD group than in the HD group. However. each of biochemical indices did not show statistical significance by the duration of dialysis in both HD and CAPD groups. 5. Anthropometric measures were significantly associated with dietary intake. Significant correlations were observed between biocarbonate ion, BUN and creatinine. In addition, the correlations between serum protein and albumin and between transferrin and C3 were statistically significant. Yet, IGF-1 revealed no significant correlation with other nutritional indices. The above findings indicate that there were no difference in nutritional status measured with protein and calorie intakes between the type and duration of dialysis, but CAPD seems to benefit correcting uremia and metabolic acidosis than HD. Studies of dietary management for dialysis patients need to be pursued in order to improved the quality of aged patients receiving dialysis.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.129-142
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• 2022

Nutrition dictates nearly all biological processes and determines Darwinian fitness in all living organisms, including insects. Research on insect nutrition has a long history in the field of insect physiology and the importance of understanding insect nutrition has become increasingly apparent with the growing need for producing insects as food and feed. Nevertheless, it is only in recent years that we have witnessed a major breakthrough in our knowledge of insect nutrition. The multivariate, interactive, and dynamic nature of nutrition has long hampered our complete understanding of insect nutrition. However, the challenge posed by such nutritional complexity has been overcome with the advent of the Nutritional Geometry, which is an integrative and multidimensional framework that enabled us to model complex interactions between multiple nutrients. In this review, we introduce the basic concepts and principles of the Nutritional Geometry and describe how this innovative framework has revolutionized the field of insect nutrition and has placed nutrition in the centre of the interface between physiology, ecology, and evolution. We close this review by discussing potentially fertile research areas that can benefit tremendously from the application of this powerful nutritional paradigm in the future.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 2004

Tomatoes and tomato products are the major source of lycopene in the diet. The bioavailability of lycopene is different in raw tomatoes compared to processed tomato products. This is due to the chemical and physical properties of the different lycopene isomers. All-trans-lycopene is found in raw tomatoes and is a poor bioavailable source, whereas, processed tomato products are more bioavailable because they contain more cis-isomers. Heat and mechanical processing of tomatoes induces rupture of the cell walls, thereby releasing lycopene from its food matrix. Heat processing also induces cis-trans isomerization and disrupts protein-carotenoid complexes. Many dietary components also impact lycopene bioavailability, like the amount and type of fat present with the intake and processing of tomato products, the amount and type of fiber present, and the interaction between carotenoids. Fundamentally, anything that enhances formation and incorporation of lycopene in bile acid micelles increases bioavailability, and the opposite is true in that anything that interferes with micelle formation decreases bioavailability.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.691-699
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of temple food intake on health improvement. The survey was conducted from September to October 2013. The subjects in this study were 46 adults who participated in short-term 'Temple Stay' program. Every meal was prepared according to prearranged temple food menu, and it was provided to subjects for 4 weeks. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameter were measured and nutritional & health status were analyzed to find the effect of the program. Nutrients content of the temple food was sufficient to dietary reference intake while content of fat, fiber, vitamin A and calcium from the meal was significantly higher than the subjects' usual diet. Mean body weight, BMI and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) related with obesity and hypertension decreased after the program. The index referring to liver function and cardiovascular disease risk such as serum ALT, ${\gamma}$-GTP, TG and LDL decreased while HDL increased thereby showing positive effect. The above results anticipate that temple foods with an affirmative effect in improving health status have a potential benefit that can be applied to general food service. Further detailed study might provide information in developing healthy diet for a corresponding clinical problem.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 2023

Iron (Fe) is a vital element for plants and other organisms, involving in several physiological processes including respiration, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. Unfortunately, how Fe accumulation regulates in response to light quality has not been well established in plants. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the mechanism of Fe homeostasis by light quality. In this study, we found morpho-physiological attributes were significantly improved in response to blue (λmax: 450) compared to white (λmax: 500) and red (λmax: 660) light. The root-shoot length, plant biomass, photosynthesis efficiency (Fv/Fm) and leafgreen (SPAD) significantly declined in response to white and red light. However, these parameters were improved and iron deficiency was substantially alleviated by blue light exposure in alfalfa seedlings. This study might be useful to the forage breeders and farmers for improving alfalfa yield and nutritional benefits.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.405-414
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a policy change to expand Korean National Health Insurance (KNHI) benefit coverage to include scaling on access to dental care at the national level. Methods: A nationally representative sample of 12,794 adults aged 20 to 64 years from Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2010-2014) was analyzed. To examine the effect of the policy on the outcomes of interest (unmet dental care needs and preventive dental care utilization in the past year), an estimates-based probit model was used, incorporating marginal effects with a complex sampling structure. The effect of the policy on individuals depending on their income and education level was also assessed. Results: Adjusting for potential covariates, the probability of having unmet needs for dental care decreased by 6.1% and preventative dental care utilization increased by 14% in the post-policy period compared to those in the pre-policy period (2010, 2012). High income and higher education levels were associated with fewer unmet dental care needs and more preventive dental visits. Conclusions: The expansion of coverage to include scaling demonstrated to have a significant association with decreasing unmet dental care needs and increasing preventive dental care utilization. However, the policy disproportionately benefited certain groups, in contrast with the objective of the policy to benefit all participants in the KNHI system.